Yüksek Hızlı Tren

Yüksek Hızlı Tren
Railways, 1 World War I, and 2 were both a humanitarian, economic, politically effective and ever-evolving mode of transportation in the civilian and military spheres in the years that followed. Railways; the 'Industrial Revolution' process, the West's periphery and the remote colonies, the cost of a low-cost and complete-safe way to meet the need to provide a continued development of the horse head. In the colonial countries of the period, the need for raw materials; The most safe-guaranteed and integrated way to meet the needs of the railway

1964 in Japan; The world's first high-speed train line, Shinkansen, began operations between Tokyo and Osaka. In follow-up years, France (1981) TGV and Germany (1980) ICE with the 'High Speed ​​Train' (YHT) entered the operation. Italy has commissioned the first YHT line in 1978, but in the following years it has not been able to maintain this trend at the same level. In next years; High Speed ​​Trains; Spain became one of the most important tools of the integration policies of the European Union and was promoted under the union. Spain entered this sector and recorded the fastest development. In this turn; Japan and France were both pioneers of both speed and infrastructure standards and the High Speed ​​Railways (YHD), while Germany had a large 'High Speed ​​Rail' network but did not achieve a speed-infrastructure-safety standard at Japan and France. In recent years, with Spain network width and operating values, China is dealing with this sector with high investment and speed values. In the United States, a limited number of YHTs are available, with north-south major axes. France, Germany, Japan, Italy, Belgium, South Korea, South Africa, Russia, Algeria, China, Turkey, countries such as Saudi Arabia have made and are making investments YHT.

This development in YHD; competitive speed, security and social impacts. YHD has been in Japan since 1964; 6.2 has moved a million passengers at maximum 300 km / h per year but no tragedy has been encountered. Trip times are in the ratio of% 99. YHD in Japan at the distance of 500-700 km; It has a market share of% 67. This success in YHD; The railway has brought an increase in passenger volumes. In his experience in France and Germany; In the last eight years, rail passenger rates have shown increases from 19 to 20. Also; A feature of YHD is the high attraction traffic, which ranges from% 6-% 23 from the beginning of Shinkansen. Similarly; In France, the Sud-Et (South-East) TGV line has a traffic footage of% 26. As a result; YHD showed a high rate of profitability in Japan and began to make a profit in 3. Same time; In France, 12 in the opening year of the investment cost has been met. Based on these superior results; YHD networks are 2004 km in 13,216 and 2010 in 46,489.3 km. The South Korean YHD line was opened in 2004, the Taiwan YHD line was opened in January 2007. In China; has already started to produce YHD in 2006. Recently; The development of YHD has been further accelerated by economic, environmental, external effects and environmentalist civil society. Also; KTX (Korean Train Express) and Kyushu Shinkansen have opened new High Speed ​​Railways. Here; Japan, France and Germany YHD's achievements are summarized, while the development of High Speed ​​Railways of countries such as Korea is being conveyed.

In railroad transportation types, investment costs are high but regular, safe, energy efficiency is highest and environmentally friendly and operating cost is cheap. Compared to individual or other types of public transport, it is quite superior in terms of passenger carrying capacity. Therefore, the most widely used urban transportation system in the world and intercity passenger transportation system are made by railways.

It can be said that railway transportation is more effective in high density areas of the city. As a result of the developments in the urban periphery with the jump of the cities towards the cities, the city residents living in the city center or other areas are being forced, rail transport and other public transportation arrangements can be a solution to this problem. Especially when the road is inadequate, urban rail lines come to the fore because of providing uninterrupted transportation. The railway line is also a kent green aynı system for the city. The energy shortage results from its relative superiority from road systems in terms of sustainable characteristics.