Today in History: Macintosh Computers Released

January 24 is the 24nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 341 days left until the end of the year (342 in leap years).

Railways

• 1921 – The law on the construction of the Ankara-Sivas Railway was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly. The construction of the line was completed in 1930.

Events

• 41 – Roman Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, known as Caligula and famous for his cruelty, despotism, and madness, is killed by his guards.
• 1679 – King of England II. Charles dissolved parliament.
• 1848 - Gold was found in California.
• 1921 – The forces of Circassian Ethem were disbanded.
• 1924 – The name of the city of Saint-Peterburg in Russia was changed to Leningrad in memory of the revolutionary leader (Vladimir Lenin).
• 1927 – The law on pharmacists and pharmacies was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1927 - Alfred Hitchcock's first film The Pleasure Garden Released in the United Kingdom.
• 1935 – The first can of beer is offered for sale by the Krueger Brewing Company in Richmond, Virginia (United States).
• 1938 – Izmir Telephone Company was bought by the government.
• 1939 – 28 people died in an earthquake in Chile.
• 1943 – II. World War II: The Casablanca Conference, attended by Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, ends.
• 1946 - The United Nations established the International Atomic Energy Commission.
• 1946 – Republican People's Party Art Award 35 years old Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı won with his poem.
• 1949 – Behçet Kemal Çağlar resigned from the Republican People's Party and from the parliament.
• 1955 – In Zonguldak, 52 miners were killed and 19 miners were injured in the firedamp explosion in the Gelik quarry of Ereğli Coal Enterprises.
• 1956 – 388 prisoners revolted in Eskişehir Prison.
• 1959 – Neşe Cinema collapsed in Istanbul Küçükyalı; 37 people were killed and many injured.
• 1961 - Marilyn Monroe and Arthur Miller divorced. The couple was married for five years.
• 1961 – At the Yassıada hearings, Chief Prosecutor Altay Ömer Egesel demanded the execution of Adnan Menderes.
• 1963 – Hürriyet newspaper writer Yüksel Kasapbaşı, photojournalist Abidin Behpur and the driver of the vehicle, Yüksel Öztürk, froze to death on January 23, when they left their newspaper to report on the train stuck in the ground in Çatalca. Their frozen corpses were found near Çatalca on January 25.
• 1964 – The ATAŞ strike, which had a negative impact on the Turkish economy, ended with the agreement of the employer and the union.
• 1965 – Alfred Hitchcock's Perverse The movie was released in Turkey.
• 1966 – An Indian Airlines Boeing 707 passenger plane crashed into the Mont Blanc peaks of the Alps as it was preparing to land in Geneva, Switzerland, while on the Mumbai-New York flight: 117 people were killed.
• 1967 – University students protested against the Turkish National Student Federation. They held a rally in Ankara. The National Student Federation of Turkey was sealed by the police on 19 January, and its five executives were arrested on 21 January.
• 1972 – Mahir Çayan's inheritance from his grandfather was confiscated by the martial law court.
• 1972 – İsmet İnönü said “There should be no execution for political crimes” and demanded the abolition of martial law.
• 1972 - World War II in the jungles of Guam. The Japanese national soldier, who had been hiding since World War II not to surrender, has been found.
• 1973 – Ali Haydar Yıldız was killed in a clash with a soldier in the village of Vartinik in the Çemişgezek district of Tunceli. His friend İbrahim Kaypakkaya escaped injured.
• 1975 – 28 thousand Sümerbank workers received a 70 percent increase in their wages. A collective bargaining agreement was signed between Sümerbank and the Turkish Textile, Knitting and Clothing Industry Workers' Union (TEKSİF).
• 1977 – A bus carrying Turkish and Yugoslav passengers crashed into the Kumanova river near Skopje. 24 people died in the accident, 19 people were injured.
• 1978 – The song "Biz", which competed in the Eurovision qualifiers, became a finalist with the decision of the Council of State.
• 1978 – Carrying nuclear reactor belonging to the Soviet Union Cosmos 954 The satellite, named after it, burned to pieces as it entered the Earth's atmosphere, its radioactive fallout spreading over northwest Canada. Only 1% of the scattered pieces could be collected.
• 1979 – The Process Leading to the September 12, 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979- September 12, 1980): Revolutionary Democratic Culture Associations, “Removal of non-Kurdish civil servants from the region in the East”  Since the state's decision was not fulfilled, the house of the deputy prosecutor in Derik district of Mardin was scanned with long-range weapons.
• 1980 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): Süleyman Demirel Government announced the “24 January Decisions”. The dollar was increased from 35 lira to 70 lira. Many products have been greatly increased. Bulent Ecevit, “Demirel is trying to change the regime, workers should oppose these decisions and get their rights” told.
• 1980 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): Tariş events: Clashes continued in Tariş. 20 people, including 35 policemen and one gendarme, were injured. 450 students were detained.
• 1983 – The 1st Army and the Istanbul Martial Law Command banned the printing, publication and distribution of the Cumhuriyet newspaper. A lawsuit was filed against Nadir Nadi and Editor-in-Chief Okay Gönensin.
• 1984 - Macintosh computers are released.
• 1986 – Voyager 2 satellite passed within 81.500 km of Uranus.
• 1989 – Serial killer Ted Bundy was executed by the electric chair in Florida for the 1978 kidnapping and murder of 12-year-old Kimberley Leach.
• 1990 – Ankara 3rd High Criminal Court sentenced businessman Kemal Horzum to 60 years and 34 months of heavy imprisonment for allegedly defrauding Türkiye Emlak Bankası 12 million dollars and 6 million Swiss Francs. The same punishment was given to both bank officials.
• 1993 – The Nationalist Work Party changed its name to the Nationalist Action Party.
• 1993 – Journalist and writer Uğur Mumcu was killed when a bomb placed in his car exploded.
• 1994 – Turkey's first communication satellite Türksat 1A fell into the ocean 12 minutes and 12 seconds after launch.
• 1997 – Denizbank was sold to Zorlu Holding Chairman Ahmet Nazif Zorlu, who also owns Vestel, for 66 million dollars, in a contentious tender.
• 2000 – A plane belonging to Top Air crashed around Güdül, 4 people died.
• 2001 – Diyarbakır Police Chief, Gaffar Okkan, his 4 bodyguards and driver were killed in an armed attack.
• 2006 – The Kuwaiti Parliament dismisses Emir Sheikh Saad I Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, who succeeded Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmed al-Sabah, who died nine days ago. The parliament cited the poor health of 75-year-old Emir as the reason for its unanimous decision.
• 2004 - NASA's Opportunity rover landed on the Martian surface two weeks after its twin Spirit.
• 2006 – Eight people were killed and more than 8 injured in two explosions in Ahvaz, southwest Iran.
• 2008 – In Gaziantep, a policeman was killed and seven policemen and a citizen were injured in eighteen simultaneous operations against Al-Qaeda. In the operation, four people were killed and nineteen people were detained.
• 2011 – 37 people were killed and 173 injured in the Domodedovo Airport attack.
• 2020 – An earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter Scale occurred in Elazig, the epicenter of which was Sivrice-Kalaba.^[1]

Births

• 76 – Hadrian, Roman Emperor; Third of the "Five Good Emperors" (d. 138)
• 1287 – Richard de Bury, English bishop and politician, Chancellor of Great Britain (d. 1345)
• 1444 – Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1476)
• 1540 – Edmund Campion, English priest (d. 1581)
• 1547 – Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1578)
• 1602 – Mildmay Fane, 2nd Earl of Westmorland, English politician (d. 1666)
• 1619 – Yamazaki Ansai, Japanese philosopher (d. 1682)
• 1643 – Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet and politician, Lord of Great Britain (d. 1706)
• 1664 – John Vanbrugh, English architect and playwright (d. 1726)
• 1670 – William Congreve, English playwright and poet (d. 1729)
• 1672 – Albert Frederick, Prince of Prussia, German Lieutenant General, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (d. 1731)
• 1674 Thomas Tanner, English bishop (d. 1735)
• 1679 – Christian Wolff, German philosopher (d. 1754)
• 1684 – Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, German nobleman (d. 1737)
• 1705 – Farinelli, Italian contralto, soprano, and castrato (d. 1782)
• 1709 – Dom Bédos de Celles, French monk and organist (d. 1779)
• 1712 – II. Frederick, King of Prussia (d. 1786)
• 1732 – Pierre Beaumarchais, French playwright, poet, and diplomat (d. 1799)
• 1739 – Jean Nicolas Hochard, French General of the French Revolution (d. 1793)
• 1746 – III. Gustav, king of Sweden (d. 1792)
• 1749 – Charles James Fox, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (d. 1806)
• 1754 Andrew Ellicott, American soldier and researcher (d. 1820)
• 1776 – ETA Hoffmann, German composer, writer of horror stories, and cartoonist (d. 1822)
• 1787 – Christian Ludwig Brehm, German cleric and ornithologist (d. 1864)
• 1802 – Marie-Félicité Brosset, French orientalist (d. 1880)
• 1828 – Ferdinand Cohn, Jewish biologist (d. 1898)
• 1848 – Vasily Surikov, Russian painter (d. 1916)
• 1850 – Hermann Ebbinghaus, German psychologist (known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the gap effect) (d. 1909)
• 1862 – Edith Wharton, American author and fashion designer (d. 1937)
• 1870 – Herbert Kilpin, English football player and manager (d. 1916)
• 1882 – Doris Doscher, American actress and model (d. 1970)
• 1886 – Henry King, American film director (d. 1982)
• 1888 Jan Syrový, Czech soldier (d. 1970)
• 1889 – Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke, German general and writer (d. 1968)
• 1891 – Walter Model, German field marshal (d. 1945)
• 1893 – Viktor Shklovsky, Russian critic and writer (one of the pioneers of the "Formalism" movement that influenced Soviet literature in the 1920s) (d. 1984)
• 1898 – Karl Hermann Frank, German Nazi officer (d. 1946)
• 1907 – Maurice Couve de Murville, French politician and former prime minister (d. 1999)
• 1912 – Naşide Saffet Esen, Turkish model and 1931 Miss Turkey (d. 1988)
• 1916 – Rafael Caldera, Venezuelan politician (d. 2009)
• 1917 – Ali Yaramancı, Turkish soldier, engineer and scientist (Turkey's first geophysics engineer and first geophysics professor) (d. 2008)
• 1917 – Ernest Borgnine, Italian-American stage and film actor (d. 2012)
• 1925 – Maria Tallchief, American ballet dancer (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Michel Serrault, French actor (d. 2007)
• 1930 – José Carlos Silveira Braga, Brazilian football player (d. 2021)
• 1933 – Kadir Mısıroğlu, Turkish writer (d. 2019)
• 1940 – Fatoş Balkır, Turkish singer (d. 1986)
• 1940 – Joachim Gauck, German politician
• 1941 – Neil Diamond, American singer
• 1941 – Dan Shechtman, Israeli professor, chemist, and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry
• 1943 Sharon Tate, American actress (d. 1969)
• 1946 – Güven Hokna, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series artist
• 1946 – Şahin Yenişehirlioğlu, Turkish writer, thinker and actor
• 1949 – John Belushi, American actor (d. 1982)
• 1953 – Moon Jae-in, South Korean politician and 12th President of South Korea
• 1961 – Guido Buchwald, German former football player and manager
• 1966 Karin Viard, French actress
• 1968 – Antony Garrett Lisi, American theoretical physicist
• 1968 – Carlos Saldanha, Brazilian animated film director
• 1970 – Matthew Lillard, American actor and voice actor
• 1974 – Rokia Traoré, Malian musician and singer
• 1976 – Gianluca Basile, Italian basketball player
• 1976 – Shae-Lynn Bourne, Canadian figure skater
• 1977 – Andrija Gerić, Serbian volleyball player
• 1978 – Kristen Schaal, Dutch-American comedian
• 1980 – Susana Guerra, Portuguese singer
• 1981 – Mario Eggimann, Swiss football player
• 1982 – Daveed Diggs, American actor, rapper, singer, songwriter, screenwriter, and film producer
• 1982 – Resul Dindar, Turkish folk music singer
• 1983 - Davide Biondini, Italian football player
• 1983 – Craig Horner, actor and musician
• 1983 – Scott Speed, American racing driver
• 1986 – Mischa Barton, American actress
• 1986 – Emídio Rafael, Portuguese football player
• 1987 – Kia Vaughn, American basketball player
• 1989 – Serdar Keskinal, Turkish football player
• 1989 – Ki Sung-yueng, South Korean football player
• 2002 – Jade Hannah, Canadian swimmer

Deaths

• 41 – Caligula (Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus), Roman Emperor (b. 12)
• 817 – IV. Stephanus, Catholic priest who served as pope from June 816 until his death in 817 (b. 770)
• 1125 – IV. David, Georgian king (b. 1073)
• 1595 – II. Ferdinand, Duke of Austria (b. 1529)
• 1822 – Tepedelenli Ali Pasha, Ottoman Governor of Ioannina (b. 1744)
• 1828 – Jakob Laurenz Custer, Swiss botanist (b. 1755)
• 1851 – Gaspare Spontini, Italian composer (b. 1774)
• 1852 – Ján Kollár, Slovak writer, archaeologist, scientist, and politician (b. 1793)
• 1865 – Stephen Allen Benson, Liberian politician (b. 1816)
• 1883 – Friedrich von Flotow, German musician and opera composer (b. 1812)
• 1916 – Isa Bolatin, Kosovo Albanian guerilla and politician (b. 1864)
• 1920 – ‎Percy French‎‎, Irish songwriter, entertainer, and artist (b. 1854)
• 1920 – Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1884)
• 1945 – Hezi Aslanov, Soviet general of Azerbaijani descent (b. 1910)
• 1962 – Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, Turkish writer and poet (b. 1901)
• 1965 – Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Nobel Prize laureate in Literature (b. 1874)
• 1973 – Ali Haydar Yıldız, Turkish revolutionary and one of the founders of TKP/ML-TİKKO (b. 1953)
• 1983 – Carmen Clemente Travieso, Venezuelan journalist and author (b. 1900)
• 1983 – George Cukor, American film director (b. 1899)
• 1986 – Gordon MacRae, American actor and singer (b. 1921)
• 1986 – L. Ron Hubbard, American author (b. 1911)
• 1989 – Ted Bundy, American serial killer (Executed) (b. 1946)
• 1993 – Uğur Mumcu, Turkish journalist and writer (assassinated) (b. 1942)
• 2001 – Ali Gaffar Okkan, Turkish police and Diyarbakır Police Chief (assassinated) (b. 1952)
• 2003 – Aysel Baykal, Turkish politician and Minister of State (b. 1939)
• 2004 – Leonidas, Brazilian football player (b. 1913)
• 2006 – Chris Penn, American actor (b. 1965)
• 2006 – Mümtaz Sevinç, Turkish theater and voice actor (murder) (b. 1952)
• 2007 – İsmail Cem, Turkish politician, journalist and Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1940)
• 2010 – Erdinç Dinçer, Turkish cinema, theater and TV series actor (b. 1944)
• 2010 – Nedim Doğan, Turkish theater, film and television actor (b. 1945)
• 2010 – Şakir Eczacıbaşı, Turkish pharmacist, photographer and businessperson (b. 1929)
• 2011 – Hanna Yablonskaya, Ukrainian playwright and poet (b. 1981)
• 2012 – Theodoros Angelopoulos, Greek director (b. 1935)
• 2015 – Julio Canessa, Chilean soldier and politician (b. 1925)
• 2015 – Otto Carius, German soldier and Heer Tank Commander (b. 1922)
• 2016 – Fredrik Barth, Norwegian social anthropologist (b. 1928)
• 2016 – Furuzan, Iranian film actor, producer and artistic director (b. 1937)
• 2016 – Marvin Minsky, American scientist (b. 1927)
• 2017 – Fred André, Dutch former football player and manager (b. 1941)
• 2017 – Gil Ray, American rock musician and singer (b. 1956)
• 2017 – Butch Trucks is an American drummer and musician (b. 1947)
• 2018 – Jack Ketchum, American author and screenwriter (b. 1946)
• 2019 – Fernando Sebastián Aguilar, Spanish cardinal (b. 1929)
• 2019 – Elio Berhanyer, Spanish fashion designer (b. 1929)
• 2019 – Antonio Marchesano, Uruguayan politician and lawyer (b. 1930)
• 2019 – Rosemary Bryant Mariner, American female military pilot and aviator (b. 1953)
• 2020 – Duje Bonačić, Croatian rower (b. 1929)
• 2020 – Leyla Janah, American entrepreneur, author, and businessperson (b. 1982)
• 2020 – Seamus Mallon, Northern Irish Gaelic football player and politician (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Ibsen Pinheiro, Brazilian politician, journalist and lawyer (b. 1935)
• 2020 – Juan José Pizzuti, Argentine football player and manager (b. 1927)
• 2020 – Sean Reinert, American drummer (b. 1971)
• 2020 – Rob Rensenbrink, former Dutch international football player (b. 1947)
• 2021 – Arik Brauer, Austrian painter, printmaker, poet, dancer, singer, stage designer, architect and academic (b. 1929)
• 2021 – Jevrem Brković, Montenegrin poet, writer, journalist, dissident and historian (b. 1933)
• 2021 – Nikolai Chebotko, Kazakh cross-country runner (b. 1982)
• 2021 – Sonny Fox, American television host, executive, and journalist (b. 1925)
• 2021 – Abdullahi Ibrahim, Nigerian lawyer, politician and administrator (b. 1939)
• 2021 – Gunnell Lindblom, Swedish actress and film director (b. 1931)
• 2021 – Jeanette Maus, American actress and producer (b. 1981)
• 2022 – Olavo de Carvalho, Brazilian author, political commentator, journalist, and former astrologer (b. 1947)
• 2022 – Greta Ferušić, Serbian professor of architecture (b. 1924)
• 2022 – Fatma Girik, Turkish actress, screenwriter, producer and politician (b. 1942)
• 2022 – Ayberk Pekcan, Turkish cinema and TV series actor (b. 1970)