Today in History: Nazi War Criminal Hermann Göring Committed Suicide

October 15 is the 288th (289th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 77.

Railways

• 15 October 1939 Ilıca Palamutluk railway traffic was stopped. It was nationalized on May 13, 1941 and reopened on October 29, 1941.

Events

• 1582 – Adoption of the Gregorian calendar in Europe
• 1878 - Edison founded Edison Electric Light Co.
• 1917 – Dutch dancer Mata Hari (Margaretha Geertruida), who was arrested by the French and admitted to giving some information to the German secret service, is shot after being tried by a court-martial.
• 1927 – Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha started to read the “Great Speech” at the CHP congress. Speech lasted 6 days.
• 1928 – Yusuf Ziya Ortaç closed the Meş'ale magazine. Thus, the “Seven Torchlight” movement, which started in this magazine a few months ago and continued with the joint book of seven young poets, Yedi Meşale came to an end.
• 1928 – The world's largest airship Graf Zeppelin, departing from Germany, arrives in New Jersey in America. The flight took 111 hours.
• 1934 – Mao Zedong's 100-strong force embarked on the 10-kilometer Great March from southeast China to northeast China.
• 1937 - The first banknotes with new letters were put into circulation. The 100 lira banknotes with Atatürk's picture on them were taken out of circulation in 1942.
• 1945 – Pierre Laval, prime minister of the provisional French government, is shot.
• 1946 - Nazi war criminal Hermann Göring committed suicide by drinking poison hours before his execution.
• 1961 – Amnesty International is founded in London.
• 1961 – After the limited election campaign, general elections were held. Four parties participated in the election. CHP 173, Justice Party 158, Republican Peasant Nation Party 54, New Turkey Party 65 MPs.
• 1970 - Anwar Sadat became the president of Egypt.
• 1970 – It was announced that there was a cholera epidemic in Istanbul.
• 1978 – Bag Murder: Right-wing militants Fikri Arkan and Kemal Özdemir killed left-wing Veli Güneş and Halim Kaplan in Ankara.
• 1990 – Soviet Union president Mikhail Gorbachev receives the Nobel Peace Prize.
• 1993 - Nobel Peace Prize awarded to South African president De Klerk and African National Congress president Nelson Mandela.
• 1999 - Doctors Without Borders receives the Nobel Peace Prize.
• 2003 – Ilham Aliyev succeeded his father Heydar Aliyev and became the President of Azerbaijan.
• 2013 – 7,2 magnitude earthquake in the Philippines.

Births

• 95 BC – Titus Lucretius Carus, Roman poet and philosopher (d. 55 BC)
• 70 BC – Publius Vergilius Maro, Roman poet (d. 19 BC)
• 1265 – Temür Olcaytu Khan, emperor of China from 1294-1307 and great khan of the Mongol Empire (d. 1307)
• 1542 – Jalaluddin Muhammed Akbar (Akbar Shah), Mongol Emperor (d. 1605)
• 1608 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist (d. 1647)
• 1784 – Thomas Robert Bugeaud, Marshal of France and Governor-General of Algeria (d. 1849)
• 1785 – José Miguel Carrera, South American national hero and Chilean politician (d. 1821)
• 1795 – IV. Friedrich Wilhelm, King of Prussia (d. 1861)
• 1814 – Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov, Russian writer and poet (d. 1841)
• 1829 Asaph Hall, American astronomer (d. 1907)
• 1836 – James Tissot, French painter who spent most of his career in England (d. 1902)
• 1844 – Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher (d. 1900)
• 1872 – Wilhelm Miklas, Austrian politician who served as President of Austria until the Anschluss from 1928 to 1938 (d. 1956)
• 1878 – Paul Reynaud, French politician and former prime minister (1940) (d. 1966)
• 1879 – Jane Darwell, American stage and film actress (d. 1967)
• 1880 – Marie Stopes, English birth control advocate (d. 1958)
• 1887 Frederick Fleet, English sailor (d. 1965)
• 1893 – II. Carol, King of Romania (b. 1953)
• 1894 – Moshe Sharet, second prime minister of Israel (1954-1955) (d. 1965)
• 1900 – Mervyn LeRoy, American film director, producer, writer, and actress (d. 1987)
• 1901 – Hermann Josef Abs, German banker and financier (d. 1994)
• 1901 – Enrique Jardiel Poncela, Spanish writer and playwright (d. 1952)
• 1905 – Charles Percy Snow, British scientist and author (d. 1980)
• 1908 – John Kenneth Galbraith, Canadian-American economist (d. 2006)
• 1913 – Wolfgang Lüth, II. Nazi Germany's second most successful U-Boot captain during World War II (d. 1945)
• 1914 – Zahir Shah, Shah of Afghanistan (d. 2007)
• 1915 – Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician (d. 2012)
• 1917 – Zoltán Fábri, Hungarian film director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
• 1917 – Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., American historian (d. 2007)
• 1920 – Mario Puzo, American author and Academy Award winner for Best Adapted Screenplay (d. 1999)
• 1920 – Henri Verneuil, French screenwriter and director (d. 2002)
• 1923 – Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d. 1985)
• 1924 - Lee Iacocca, American industrialist
• 1926 – Michel Foucault, French philosopher (d. 1984)
• 1931 – Abdul kalam, Professor of Space Science and Indian Institute of Technology, who served as the 2002th President of India from 2007-11 (d. 2015)
• 1932 – Muammer Sun, Turkish composer and music educator
• 1935 – Bobby Morrow, American former athlete (d. 2020)
• 1937 – Linda Lavin, American actress and singer
• 1938 – Fela Kuti, Nigerian musician, record producer, and human rights activist (d. 1997)
• 1938 – Cemal Safi, Turkish poet (d. 2018)
• 1941 – Faruk Logoğlu, Turkish bureaucrat and politician
• 1943 – Penny Marshall, American comedian, voice actor, producer, director, and actress (d. 2018)
• 1944 – Sali Berisha, Albanian politician and former prime minister
• 1944 – Haim Saban, American media owner
• 1944 – David Trimble, Northern Irish politician and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 2022)
• 1946 – Stewart Stevenson, Scottish politician
• 1947 – Hümeyra, Turkish composer, lyricist, musician and actress
• 1948 – Chris de Burgh, Irish singer
• 1948 – Renato Corona, top jurist who served as president of the Filipino supreme court (d. 2016)
• 1949 – Thomas Bopp, American astronomer, scientist, and explorer (d. 2018)
• 1950 – Candida Royalle, American pornographic actress, producer, and director (d. 2015)
• 1953 – Tito Jackson, American musician, singer, and guitarist
• 1954 – Steve Bracks, former Australian politician
• 1955 – Tanya Roberts, American actress, producer, and comedian (d. 2021)
• 1957 – Mira Nair, Indian film director
• 1959 – Müslüm Doğan, Turkish politician
• 1959 – Sarah, divorced wife of Prince Andrew, Duke of York
• 1962 – Isabelle Doval, French actress, screenwriter and director
• 1965 – Zafer Koç, Turkish football player (d. 2016)
• 1965 – Nasser El Sonbaty, IFBB professional bodybuilder (d. 2013)
• 1966 – Jorge Campos, Mexican football player
• 1968 – Didier Deschamps, French former football player and manager
• 1969 – Vítor Baía, Portuguese former national goalkeeper
• 1970 – Ginuwine, American R&B singer and actor
• 1971 – Andrew Cole, English former international footballer
• 1973 – Güllü, Turkish arabesque fantasy music singer
• 1974 – Ömer Çatkıç, Turkish football player
• 1977 – David Trézéguet, former French football player of Argentine descent
• 1977 – Patricio Urrutia, Ecuadorian national football player
• 1979 – Paul Robinson, English international football player
• 1979 – Maris Verpakovskis, former Latvian football player
• 1980 – Tom Boonen, Belgian former road bike racer
• 1981 - Keyshia Cole, American R&B singer
• 1981 – Elena Dementieva, Russian Tennis Player
• 1983 - Bruno Senna, Brazilian Formula 1 driver
• 1984 – Jessie Ware, English singer-songwriter
• 1985 – Arron Afflalo, American professional basketball player
• 1986 – Lee Donghae, South Korean singer, songwriter, composer and actor
• 1986 – Nolito, Spanish national football player
• 1987 – Ott Tänak, Estonian rally driver
• 1988 – Mesut Özil, Turkish-German national football player
• 1989 – Anthony Joshua, Nigerian-English professional boxer
• 1990 – Jeon Ji-yoon, South Korean singer and actress
• 1996 – Zelo, South Korean singer
• 1999 - Bailee Madison, American close-term actress

Deaths

• 892 – Mutemid, 870th Abbasid caliph who ruled from 892-15 (b. 844)
• 925 – Razi, Persian alchemist, chemist, physician, and philosopher (b. 865)
• 961 – III. Abdurrahman, the Emir of Cordoba between 912-929, the ruler of the Umayyad State of Andalusia as the caliph of Cordoba in the period of 929-961 (b. 891)
• 1240 – Raziye Begum, ruler of the Turkish Sultanate of Delhi (b. ?)
• 1389 – VI. Urbanus was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 until his death (b. 1318)
• 1564 – Andreas Vesalius, Roman physician (b. 1514)
• 1810 – Alfred Moore, North Carolina judge who served as U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1755)
• 1817 – Tadeusz Kościuszko, Polish soldier and leader of the Kościuszko Uprising (b. 1746)
• 1820 – Karl Philipp, Austrian prince and marshal (b. 1771)
• 1872 – Handrij Zejler, German writer (b. 1804)
• 1917 – Mata Hari, Dutch dancer and alleged spy (b. 1876)
• 1929 – Léon Delacroix, Belgian statesman (b. 1867)
• 1933 – Nitobe Inazō, Japanese agricultural economist, author, educator, diplomat, and politician (b. 1862)
• 1934 – Raymond Poincaré, French statesman (b. 1860)
• 1945 – Pierre Laval, French politician (b. 1883)
• 1946 – Hermann Göring, German field marshal and NSDAP politician (b. 1893)
• 1953 – Helene Mayer, German fencer (b. 1910)
• 1958 – Elizabeth Alexander, English geologist, academic, and physicist (b. 1908)
• 1958 – Asaf Halet Çelebi, Turkish poet (b. 1907)
• 1959 – Stepan Bandera, Ukrainian politician and leader of the Ukrainian nationalist and independence movement (b. 1909)
• 1959 – Lipót Fejér, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1880)
• 1960 – Henny Porten, German actress (b. 1890)
• 1963 – Horton Smith, American golfer (b. 1908)
• 1964 – Cole Porter, American composer (b. 1891)
• 1964 – Nguyễn Văn Trỗi, Vietnamese electrical worker and Viet Cong urban guerrilla (b. 1947)
• 1976 – Carlo Gambino, American mafia leader (b. 1902)
• 1987 – Thomas Sankara, Burkina Faso soldier and politician (b. 1949)
• 1989 – Danilo Kiš, Serbian writer and poet (b. 1935)
• 1993 – Aydın Sayılı, Turkish scientist (b. 1913)
• 1994 – Sarah Kofman, French philosopher (b. 1935)
• 1998 – Faruk Erem, Turkish lawyer and writer (b. 1913)
• 2000 – Konrad Emil Bloch, American biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1912)
• 2005 – Bilal İnci, Turkish actor (b. 1936)
• 2005 – Sıtkı Davut Koçman, Turkish businessman, industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1912)
• 2008 – Edie Adams, American businessman, singer, actress, and comedian (b. 1927)
• 2008 – İrfan Ülkü, Turkish journalist, researcher and writer (b. 1952)
• 2008 – Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca, Turkish poet (b. 1914)
• 2012 – Claude Cheysson, French diplomat and politician (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Erol Günaydın, Turkish cinema and theater actor (b. 1933)
• 2012 – Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, reigning twice, 1941-1955 and 1993-2004 (b. 1922)
• 2013 – Bruno Metsu, former French football player, manager (b. 1954)
• 2013 – Hans Riegel, German businessman (b. 1923)
• 2013 – Oktay Ekinci, Turkish architect, journalist (b. 1952)
• 2018 – Paul Gardner Allen, American businessman and founder of Microsoft (b. 1953)
• 2018 – Arto Paasilinna, Finnish novelist (b. 1942)
• 2019 – Tamara Buciuceanu, Romanian theater, film and television actress, television actress (b. 1929)
• 2020 – Antonio Ángel Algora Hernando, Spanish Catholic bishop (b. 1940)
• 2020 – Bhanu Athaiya, Indian female fashion designer (b. 1929)
• 2020 – P. Vetrivel, Indian politician (b. ?)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Handwashing Day
• Feast of Teresa of Ávila