Today in History: The British Withdraw from Eskişehir and Afyon

March 17 is the 76th day of the year (77st in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 289.

Railways

• 17 March 1925 Law no. 787 on the construction of the Kayseri-Ulukışla line Law on the construction of the railway between Arada-Diyarbakır-Ergani Law No. 794 and 929 numbered State Railways Law of Expropriation dated the same date.

Events

• 1756 – St. Patrick's Day, a festival celebrated in honor of St. Patrick (385-461), one of the patron saints of Ireland, is also celebrated in New York for the first time.
• 1776 – American Revolution: British forces are forced to leave Boston after George Washington and Henry Knox deploy artillery on the hills overlooking the city.
• 1816 – The 38-tonne 'Elise' steamboat became the first steamboat to cross the English Channel under captain Pierre Andriel.
• 1845 - The rubber band used in small packages is patented.
• 1861 - Italy establishes its national unity.
• 1891 – Ahmed İhsan Tokgöz, Servet-i Fünun founded the magazine.
• 1901 - Van Gogh's paintings began to be exhibited at the Bernheim-Jeune gallery in Paris. The artist, who committed suicide in 1890, was able to sell only one painting in his lifetime.
• 1915 – Battle of Gallipoli: Admiral Sackville Carden, Commander of the Royal Navy, resigns.
• 1920 – The British withdrew from Eskişehir and Afyon.
• 1921 – The first birth control clinic opened in London. Those who applied to the clinic were given protection tools at low cost.
• 1926 – The “Law on the Establishment of the Iron Industry” was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1927 - In Italy, a law was passed for the heavy taxpayer to pay heavy taxes on singles.
• 1941 – German submarine captain Otto Kretschmer's submarine is sunk and captured.
• 1944 – The law on the liquidation of the Wealth Tax came into effect.
• 1948 – Belgium, France, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Luxembourg signed the Brussels Treaty for 50 years and the Western European Union was established.
• 1954 – Eliminating Spain as a result of the draw, the Turkish national football team qualified to participate in the FIFA World Cup.
• 1961 – Construction of Vicente Calderón Stadium began.
• 1965 – The Turkish-Israeli Trade Agreement with a volume of 30 million dollars was signed.
• 1966 – The research-rescue submarine “Alvin” belonging to the US Navy found the lost US hydrogen bomb off the coast of Spain.
• 1968 – The first domestic telephone devices made in the telephone factory established with the cooperation of the PTT and Northern Electric company were put on sale for 157 liras.
• 1969 - Golda Meir becomes Israel's first female Prime Minister.
• 1970 – My Lai massacre: The US Army investigates 14 officers for trying to cover up the incident.
• 1972 – Eti Gıda San. ve Tic. Inc. It was established in Eskişehir.
• 1980 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): Ankara Martial Law Commander spoke at the Martial Law Coordination Meeting: “The Turkish Chamber of Architects and Engineers, in our opinion, is a place with a criminal record. Mahmut Esat Güven, who was sentenced to 24 years in prison for murder, was caught with two pistols while giving lectures to many parliamentarians.”
• 1985 – Two famous playwrights, Arthur Miller and Harold Pinter, came to Turkey to visit the imprisoned Writers International.
• 1995 – A coup attempt in Azerbaijan, launched on 15 March and involving Turkey as well, was suppressed. 400 people were killed, including the Commander of the OMON Troops, Colonel Rushen Cevadov, who wanted to overthrow President Heydar Aliyev.
• 1995 - Michael Jordan decided to return to basketball.
• The 2020 – 2020 European Football Championship has been postponed to 2021 due to the coronavirus pandemic.

Births

• 763 – Harun Rashid, 5th Caliph of the Abbasids (d. 809)
• 1231 – Shijō, Emperor of Japan (d. 1242)
• 1473 – IV. James, King of Scots (d. 1513)
• 1548 Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese samurai and daimyō (d. 1610)
• 1600 – Alexei Trubetskoy, one of the last members of the Trubetskoy Dynasty (d. 1680)
• 1685 – Jean-Marc Nattier, French painter (d. 1766)
• 1709 – Molla Veli Vidadi, Azerbaijani poet and clergyman (d. 1809)
• 1733 – Carsten Niebuhr, German mathematician, cartographer, and explorer (d. 1815)
• 1768 Kaʻahumanu, consort queen of the Hawaii Kingdom (d. 1832)
• 1834 – Gottlieb Daimler, German engineer (d. 1900)
• 1849 – Charles Francis Brush, American inventor, entrepreneur, and businessman (d. 1929)
• 1862 – Charles Laval, French painter (d. 1894)
• 1865 – Gabriel Narutowicz, Polish politician (d. 1922)
• 1866 – Alf Victor Guldberg, Norwegian mathematician (d. 1936)
• 1873 – Margaret Bondfield, English politician (d. 1953)
• 1874 – Stephen Samuel Wise, Jewish rabbi and Zionist leader (d. 1949)
• 1875 – Mike Bernard, American ragtime musician (d. 1936)
• 1877 – Otto Gross, Austrian psychoanalyst (d. 1920)
• 1879 – Sid Grauman, American entertainer (d. 1950)
• 1881 – Walter Rudolf Hess, Swiss physiologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1973)
• 1888 – Paul Ramadier, French Prime Minister (d. 1961)
• 1888 Nugent Slaughter, American musician (d. 1968)
• 1896 – Tajulmuluk, Queen of Iran (d. 1982)
• 1900 – Manuel Plaza, Chilean athlete (d. 1969)
• 1902 – Bobby Jones, American golfer (d. 1971)
• 1919 – Nathaniel Adams Coles, American jazz musician (d. 1965)
• 1920 – Mujibur Rahman, first Prime Minister and President of Bangladesh (d. 1975)
• 1925 – Mansour Rahbani, Lebanese musician and composer (d. 2009)
• 1928 – Neriman Köksal, Turkish film actor (d. 1999)
• 1928 – Jean Panisse, French actor (d. 2021)
• 1929 – Peter Ludwig Berger, American sociologist and theologian (d. 2017)
• 1933 – Asa Lanova, Swiss ballet dancer and writer (d. 2017)
• 1937 – Ramdas Agarwal, Indian politician (d. 2017)
• 1938 – Rudolf Nureyev, USSR (later Austrian) ballet dancer (d. 1993)
• 1939 – Atilla Dorsay, Turkish film critic, writer, journalist and architect
• 1939 – Giovanni Trapattoni, Italian football man
• 1940 – Ruşen Güneş, Turkish musician
• 1946 – Georges JF Kohler, German biologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1995)
• 1948 - William Gibson, American novelist
• 1950 – Mehmet Ali İrtemçelik, Turkish politician
• 1951 – Kurt Russell, American actor
• 1954 – Kazım Arslan, Turkish lawyer and politician (d. 2019)
• 1955 – Gary Sinise, American actor and film director
• 1962 – Kalpana Chawla, Indian-American astronaut (d. 2003)
• 1972 – Mia Hamm, American women's international football player
• 1976 – Álvaro Recoba, Uruguayan football player
• 1976 – Antoine van der Linden, Dutch football player
• 1981 – Dilek Özgür, Turkish model and actress
• 1981 – Servet Cetin, Turkish football player
• 1982 – Mamedali Karadanov, Turkmen football player
• 1983 – Raul Meireles, Portuguese football player
• 1985 – Tuğba Karademir, Turkish figure skater
• 1988 - Claire Elise Boucher, better known by her stage name Grimes, Canadian singer, songwriter, record producer and music video director
• 1989 - Shinji Kagawa, Japanese football player
• 1990 - Andrew Hozier-Byrne or simply Hozier is an Irish singer
• 1997 - Katie Genevieve Ledecky, Czech-American swimmer.

Deaths

• 45 BC – Titus Labienus, Roman soldier (b. circa 100 BC)
• 180 – Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor (b. 121)
• 624 – Abu Jahl, one of the leaders of Mecca (b. 556)
• 1040 – Harold I, King of England (b. 1015)
• 1642 – Jakub Zadzik, Secretary of the Grand Crown of Poland (b. 1582)
• 1650 – Carl Gyllenhielm, Swedish soldier and politician (b. 1574)
• 1680 – François de La Rochefoucauld, French writer (b. 1613)
• 1782 – Daniel Bernoulli, Dutch mathematician (b. 1700)
• 1826 – Ferdinand Bauer, Austrian botanical painter (b. 1760)
• 1830 – Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, Marshal and Marquess of France (b. 1764)
• 1831 – Napoleon Louis Bonaparte, last king of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from the Bonaparte Dynasty (b. 1804)
• 1846 – Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1784)
• 1849 – II. William, King of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Duke of Limburg (b. 1792)
• 1853 – Christian Andreas Doppler, Austrian mathematician and physicist (b. 1803)
• 1862 – Jacques Fromental Halévy, French composer (b. 1799)
• 1872 – Aleksa Simić, Serbian politician (b. 1800)
• 1879 – Ludwig Reichenbach, German botanist and ornithologist (b. 1793)
• 1885 – Susan Bogert Warner, American writer (b. 1819)
• 1890 – Władyslaw (Ladislaus) Taczanowski, Polish ornithological and zoological scientist (b. 1819)
• 1893 – Jules Ferry, former Prime Minister of France (b. 1832)
• 1911 – Paul Arbaud, French book collector and philanthropist (b. 1832)
• 1917 – Franz Brentano, German psychologist and philosopher (b. 1838)
• 1922 – Makbule from Gördes, a Turkish woman who died at the age of 20 while fighting the Greeks in the Turkish War of Independence
• 1927 – Victorine Louise Meurent, French painter and painter model (b. 1844)
• 1937 – Joseph Austen Chamberlain, British politician who served as UK Foreign Secretary from 1924 to 1929 – awarded the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1863)
• 1952 – Ali Rıza Özdarende, Turkish politician and clergyman (b. 1876)
• 1956 – Irène Joliot-Curie, French scientist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1897)
• 1974 – Louis Kahn, American architect (b. 1901)
• 1976 – Luchino Visconti, Italian filmmaker (b. 1906)
• 1978 – Ceyhun Atuf Kansu, Turkish poet (b. 1919)
• 1988 – Nikolas Asimos, Greek composer (b. 1949)
• 1990 – Capucine, French actress (b. 1931)
• 1993 – Helen Hayes, American actress (b. 1900)
• 1995 – Rushen Javadov, Azerbaijani soldier and politician (b. 1951)
• 1996 – René Clément, French film director (b. 1913)
• 2001 – Angel Mojsovski, Macedonian communist activist, soldier of the Yugoslav Front, recipient of the Order of the People's Hero (b. 1923)
• 2005 – George Kennan, American diplomat (b. 1904)
• 2006 – Istemihan Taviloglu, Turkish composer (b. 1945)
• 2007 – John Backus, American mathematician (b. 1924)
• 2011 – Michael Gough, British character actor (b. 1916)
• 2011 – Ferlin Husky, (born Terry Preston or Simon Crum), American country musician (b. 1925)
• 2012 – III. shenuda, Egyptian Christian orthodox cleric (b. 1923)
• 2013 – Olivier Metzner, French criminal lawyer (b. 1949)
• 2015 – Ashley Adams, Australian shooter (b. 1955)
• 2016 – Ralph David Abernathy III, American politician and businessman (b. 1959)
• 2016 – Aluf Meir Dagan, Israeli soldier and politician (b. 1945)
• 2016 – Zoltán Kamondi, Hungarian film director, actor, producer and screenwriter (b. 1960)
• 2017 – Derek Walcott, Saint Lucian poet and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1930)
• 2018 – Mike Allan MacDonald, Canadian stand-up comedian and actor (b. 1954)
• 2020 – Betty Williams, Northern Irish peace activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1943)
• 2021 – Ayla Karaca real name Athens Miloharakti, Turkish Greek actress (b. 1933)
• 2021 – John Magufuli, Tanzanian lecturer and politician (b. 1959)

Holidays and special occasions

• The end of Berdül'aczin (The Cold of the Husband)
• St. Patrick's Day