What is ECMO and Why is it Vital?
ECMO, ie Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, is a vital support treatment method used for patients with severe heart or lung failure. This method contributes to the recovery process of patients by temporarily taking over respiratory and circulatory functions through a system that works outside the body. The main function of the ECMO system is to ensure oxygenation of the blood by withdrawing the patient's blood from the body and passing it through a special machine. This process plays a critical role in the survival of patients.
Working Principle of ECMO Device
The ECMO device removes blood from the patient's body and performs the following operations:
- Carbon dioxide removal: The device removes excess carbon dioxide from the blood.
- Adding oxygen to the blood: The device ensures that the cleansed blood is enriched with oxygen.
- Returning blood to the body: Oxygenated blood is returned to the patient's body.
These procedures provide temporary support to allow the heart and lungs to rest and recover.
ECMO Types and Areas of Use
There are two main types of ECMO systems:
- VA ECMO (Veno-Arterial):
- Both the heart and lungs are supported.
- It is preferred in cases of cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock.
- VV ECMO (Veno-Venous):
- Only the lungs are supported.
- It is used in conditions such as ARDS (Acute Respiratory Disorder Syndrome).
When is ECMO Used?
ECMO is generally preferred in the following situations:
- Patients with severe respiratory failure (if adequate oxygen cannot be provided by the ventilator).
- If the heart is expected to recover after cardiac arrest.
- If additional support is needed during recovery from heart surgery.
- In cases of acute lung injury (e.g. COVID-19, pneumonia, trauma).
Risks and Side Effects of ECMO
As with any medical procedure, ECMO therapy carries some risks:
- Bleeding: It can occur especially due to the use of blood thinners.
- Risk of infection: The risk of infection increases due to the interaction of the device with the body.
- blood clots: Blood clots may form due to coagulation problems.
- Organ damage: In rare cases, it can lead to organ damage.
Importance of ECMO and Future Perspective
ECMO, especially COVID-19 During the pandemic, it provided a critical solution for patients with severe respiratory failure. The existence of this device increases patient survival rates and relieves the burden on the healthcare system. In the coming years, further development and dissemination of ECMO technology could revolutionize healthcare.
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ECMO provides a critical treatment option in life-threatening situations. Effective use of this system makes a big difference in the recovery process of patients. It is extremely important for public health that healthcare institutions increase the availability and accessibility of ECMO devices. In this way, it will be possible to save more patients' lives in the future.
