Today in History: Pervez Musharraf Becomes President of Pakistan

June 20 is the 171th day of the year (172th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 194 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

  • 404 – Hagia Sophia was burned during the riots.
  • 451 – Roman army under Flavius ​​Aetius and Hun army under Attila clash in the Battle of the Catalaunian Sea. Neither side wins a decisive victory.
  • 1180 – The 1st Battle of Uji occurred and the Genpei War began.
  • 1481 – II. Cem Sultan lost the throne war between Bayezid and Cem Sultan in Yenişehir Plain.
  • 1837 - Queen Victoria ascended the throne of the United Kingdom at the age of 18. He will be the longest reigning British Sovereign, with more than 63 years on the throne.
  • 1877 – Alexander Graham Bell launches the world's first commercial telephone service in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
  • 1840 - Samuel Morse patented the telegraph.
  • 1884 – Civil Engineering School was established.
  • 1895 – The Kiel Canal was officially opened.
  • 1920 – Circassian Ethem forces set out from Ankara to suppress the Yozgat Uprising.
  • 1926 – Arrests continue regarding the attempted assassination of Kemal Atatürk in İzmir; Ali Fuat Cebesoy, a former Progressive Republican Party leader, was arrested, and Kazım Karabekir was arrested on 22 June.
  • 1938 – 19 May was accepted as a National Holiday with the law no 3466. Youth AnthemIt was accepted as the Youth and Sports Day Anthem.
  • 1943 – 5,6 people died in an earthquake with a magnitude of 346 in Adapazarı.
  • 1946 – The Socialist Working Peasant Party of Turkey was founded under the leadership of Şefik Hüsnü.
  • 1960 - Mali and Senegal declared their independence.
  • 1961 – Turkey started to export its workforce. Those who wanted to go to Germany gathered in front of the Turkish Employment Agency.
  • 1961 – Camlica, Turkey's first mint (menthol) cigarette, was launched.
  • 1965 – Algerian leader Ahmed Ben Bella was removed from power in a military coup. The military coup was led by Colonel Huari Boumedien.
  • 1976 – In Tokat, a person named Ednan Kavaklı raped and killed 16-year-old boy Tuncay Abbas. He was executed on September 12.
  • 1987 – Pınarcık massacre: PKK militants killed 16 people, 30 of whom were children, in Pınarcık village in Mardin's Ömerli district.
  • 1990 – A major flood disaster occurred in Akcaabat. 39 people died, 4 disappeared.
  • 1990 – The first Martian trojan asteroid, named 5261 Eureka, is discovered.
  • 1991 – The German Parliament decided to move the country's capital from Bonn back to Berlin.
  • 2001 - Pervez Musharraf becomes President of Pakistan.

Births

  • 1005 – Zahir, Seventh caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate during 1021-1036 (d. 1036)
  • 1566 – III. Zygmunt Waza, ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632, king of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to 1599 (d.
  • 1583 – Jacob De la Gardie, statesman and commander of the Swedish Empire (d. 1652)
  • 1634 – Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (d. 2)
  • 1723 – Adam Ferguson, Scottish Enlightenment philosopher and historian (d. 1816)
  • 1737 – Tokugawa Ieharu, 10th shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate and eldest son of Tokugawa Ieshige (d. 1786)
  • 1743 – Anna Laetitia Barbauld, English writer (d. 1825)
  • 1756 – Joseph Martin Kraus, Swedish-German composer and tutor (d. 1792)
  • 1819 – Jacques Offenbach, German-born French musician and composer (d. 1880)
  • 1860 – Alexander Winton, Scottish-American designer and inventor of bicycles, automobiles, and diesel engines (d. 1932)
  • 1861 Frederick Gowland Hopkins, English biochemist (d. 1947)
  • 1887 – Kurt Schwitters, German painter and sculptor (d. 1948)
  • 1888 – Krikor Amiryan, Armenian-born Ottoman soldier, politician, businessman and revolutionary (d. 1964)
  • 1891 – Giannina Arangi-Lombardi, Italian soprano opera singer (d. 1951)
  • 1899 – Jean Moulin, French statesman and leader of the French Resistance (d. 1943)
  • 1909 – Errol Flynn, Australian-American actor (d. 1959)
  • 1914 – Muazzez İlmiye Çığ, Turkish sumerologist (d. 2024)
  • 1915 – Terence Young, English film director (d. 1994)
  • 1916 – Hamiyet Yüceses, Turkish singer (d. 1996)
  • 1922 – Cevat Kurtuluş, Turkish film actor (d. 1992)
  • 1924 – Audie Murphy, American actor (d. 1971)
  • 1928 – Martin Landau, American actor and winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (d. 2017)
  • 1928 – William Berger, Austrian film actor (d. 1993)
  • 1928 – Jean-Marie Le Pen, French far-right politician (d. 2025)
  • 1931 – Olympia Dukakis, Greek-American actress and Academy Award winner for Best Supporting Actress (d. 2021)
  • 1932 – Altan Öymen, Turkish journalist, politician and former Republican People's Party Chairman
  • 1934 – Anne Sylvestre, French singer-songwriter (d. 2020)
  • 1940 – Eugen Drewermann, German theologian, church critic, peace activist, and former Catholic priest
  • 1940 – John Mahoney, British-born American actor (d. 2018)
  • 1940 – Vladimir Korenev, Soviet-Russian actor and educator (d. 2021)
  • 1941 – Stephen Frears, British film director
  • 1942 – Humayun Behzadi, Iranian football player (d. 2016)
  • 1942 – Mustafa Yücel Özbilgin, Turkish lawyer (d. 2006)
  • 1942 – Brian Wilson, American musician (d. 2025)
  • 1946 – Xanana Gusmão, East Timorese politician
  • 1949 – Lionel Richie, American soul and R&B singer
  • 1950 - Gudrun Landgrebe, German actress
  • 1950 – Hüsamettin Özkan, Turkish politician
  • 1950 – Nuri Gökaşan, Turkish theater and film actor
  • 1950 – Nuri Kamil Mohammed Hassan al-Maliki, 64th Prime Minister of Iraq
  • 1951 – Tress MacNeille, American actress and voice actor
  • 1951 – João Semedo, Portuguese politician and physicist (d. 2018)
  • 1952 – John Goodman, American actor and Emmy Award winner
  • 1953 – Ulrich Mühe, German actor (d. 2007)
  • 1954 – Ilan Ramon, fighter pilot of the Israeli Air Force, the first astronaut sent into space by the State of Israel (d. 2003)
  • 1961 – Erdal Keser, Turkish football player
  • 1961 – Yalçın Çakır, Turkish journalist, writer and photographer
  • 1966 – Fatma Şahin, Turkish politician
  • 1967 – Nicole Kidman, American actress
  • 1967 – Angela Melillo – Italian model, actress and singer
  • 1968 – Tonya Kinzinger, American actress and model
  • 1968 – Robert Rodriguez, American writer, producer, musician, and film director
  • 1969 – Paulo Bento, Portuguese football player and manager
  • 1970 – Andrea Nahles, German politician
  • 1971 – Jeordie White, American bass guitarist
  • 1971 – DJ Funk, American musician (d. 2025)
  • 1975 – Uğur Taner, Turkish swimmer
  • 1976 – Juliano Belletti, Brazilian former international football player
  • 1978 Frank Lampard, English football player
  • 1981 – Angerfist, Dutch DJ
  • 1981 – Brede Hangeland, US-Norwegian national football player
  • 1982 – Alexei Berezutskiy, Russian former football player
  • 1982 – Vasily Berezutskiy, Russian former national football player
  • 1982 – Example, English rapper and songwriter
  • 1985 – Darko Miličić, Serbian basketball player
  • 1986 – Luca Cigarini, Italian football player
  • 1987 – Asmir Begović, Bosnian national football player
  • 1987 – Itumeleng Isaac Khune, South African national football player
  • 1989 – Javier Pastore, Argentine national football player
  • 1990
    • Eda Ece, Turkish actress
    • Melis Gözen, Turkish actress
    • Deniz Gözen, Turkish actress
    • Fab Melo, former Brazilian basketball player (d. 2017)
  • 1991 -
    • Kalidou Koulibaly is a Senegalese football player.
    • Rasmus Lauge Schmidt, Danish handball player
  • 1992 – Nurceren Akgün, Turkish handball player
  • 1993 – İrem Karamete, Turkish fencer
  • 1993 – Sead Kolašinac, German football player of Bosnia-Herzegovina descent.
  • 2001 – Gonçalo Ramos, Portuguese national football player
  • 2003 – Hans Niemann, American chess player

Deaths

  • 840 – Ludwig I, king of the Franks with his father Charlemagne since 813 (b. 778)
  • 930 – Hucbald, Frankish monk and music theorist (b. ?)
  • 981 – Adalbert von Magdeburg, Benedictine monk, archbishop, missionary and historian (b. 910)
  • 1277 – Karamanoğlu Mehmed Bey, the founder and first Ruler of the Karamanoğulları Principality (b. ?)
  • 1351 – Margareta Ebner, German nun and mystic
  • 1597 – Willem Barentsz, Dutch navigator and explorer (b. 1550)
  • 1605 – II. Fyodor, Tsar of Russia (b. 1589)
  • 1787 – Carl Friedrich Abel, German viola da gambler and composer (b. 1723)
  • 1800 – Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician and academic (b. 1719)
  • 1813 – Joseph Chinard, French sculptor (b. 1756)
  • 1836 – Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès, French Catholic clergyman, political essayist, and diplomat (b. 1748)
  • 1837 – IV. William, king of the United Kingdom and Hanover from 1830-1837 and uncle of Queen Victoria (b. 1765)
  • 1856 – Florestan I, 27th prince of Monaco and duke of Valentinois (b. 1785)
  • 1875 – Peter von Uslar, Russian general, engineer, and linguist (b. 1816)
  • 1883 – Gustave Aimard, French writer (b. 1818)
  • 1888 – Johannes Zukertort, Polish-German-English chess player (b. 1842)
  • 1897 – Japetus Steenstrup, Danish scientist and zoologist (b. 1813)
  • 1898 – Manuel Tamayo y Baus, Spanish dramatist (b. 1829)
  • 1912 – Voltairine de Cleyre, American anarchist (b. 1866)
  • 1933 – Clara Zetkin, German revolutionary socialist politician and women's rights activist (b. 1857)
  • 1938 – Amelia Earhart, American aviator and author (disappeared July 2, 1937, declared dead June 20, 1938) (b. 1897)
  • 1940 – Jehan Alain, French composer and organist (b. 1911)
  • 1944 – Süleyman Necati Güneri, Turkish journalist and politician (b. 1889)
  • 1947 – Bugsy Siegel, American mob leader (b. 1906)
  • 1958 – Kurt Alder, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
  • 1959 – Hitoshi Ashida, Japanese politician who served as the 1948th prime minister of Japan in 47 (b. 1887)
  • 1963 – Hans Turistg, American billionaire businessman, investor, civic leader, and philanthropist (b. 1901)
  • 1966 – George Lemaître, Belgian scientist and priest (b. 1894)
  • 1972 – Şeref Akdik, Turkish painter and calligrapher (b. 1899)
  • 1978 – Mark Robson, Canadian film director and producer (b. 1913)
  • 1987 – Niyazi Ağırnaslı, Turkish politician and former Senator of the Workers' Party of Turkey (b. 1911)
  • 1989 – Hasan İzzettin Dinamo, Turkish poet and writer (b. 1909)
  • 1993 – György Sárosi, former Hungarian national football player (b. 1912)
  • 1995 – Emil Cioran, Romanian philosopher and essayist (b. 1911)
  • 1997 – John Akii-Bua, Ugandan hurdler (b. 1949)
  • 1997 – Cahit Külebi, Turkish poet (b. 1917)
  • 2002 – Erwin Chargaff, German biochemist (b. 1905)
  • 2002 – Behlül Dal, Turkish director and originator of the Golden Orange Film Festival (b. 1922)
  • 2004 – Engin İnal, Turkish theater, cinema, TV series artist, translator and writer (b. 1942)
  • 2005 – Jack Kilby, American engineer and inventor (b. 1923)
  • 2010 – Abdulmalik Rigi, Baluch militant, former leader of the Sunni Islamist Jundullah organization (b. 1983)
  • 2010 – Roberto Rosato, Italian football player (b. 1943)
  • 2011 – Safa Giray, Turkish politician descended from the Giray Dynasty (b. 1931)
  • 2014 – Murat Sökmenoğlu, Turkish politician (b. 1945)
  • 2015 – Miriam Schapiro, Canadian-born artist (b. 1923)
  • 2016 – Edgard Pisani, French politician (b. 1918)
  • 2017 – Ayşe Aral, Turkish journalist, columnist and TV presenter (b. 1971)
  • 2017 – Sergey Milnikov, Soviet-Russian ice hockey player (b. 1958)
  • 2017 – Prodigy, American rapper (b. 1974)
  • 2017 – Fredrik Skagen, Norwegian writer (b. 1936)
  • 2018 – Ken Albiston, Australian football player (b. 1926)
  • 2019 – Wibke Bruhns, German journalist, television presenter and author (b. 1938)
  • 2020 – Pedro Lima, Angolan-Portuguese television presenter, swimmer and actor (b. 1971)
  • 2020 – Kamal Lohani, Bangladeshi journalist (b. 1934)
  • 2020 – Mufti Muhammad Naeem, Pakistani cleric (b. 1958)
  • 2021 – Joanne Linville, American actress (b. 1928)
  • 2021 – Waldir Lucas Pereira, Brazilian professional football player (b. 1928)
  • 2021 – Luis del Sol, Spanish football player (b. 1935)
  • 2022 – Sture Allén, Swedish linguist and academic (b. 1928)
  • 2022 – Mauricio Quiroga, Argentine racing cyclist (b. 1992)
  • 2022 – Eldar Salayev, Azerbaijani physicist (b. 1933)
  • 2024 – Donald Sutherland, Canadian actor (b. 1935)

Holidays and special occasions

  • Flag Day (Argentina)
  • Earliest possible summer solstice (for the northern hemisphere), winter solstice (for the southern hemisphere)
  • Midsummer (for the northern hemisphere), Yul (for the southern hemisphere)
  • Gas Workers Day (Azerbaijan)
  • Martyrs' Day (Eritrea)
  • West Virginia Day (West Virginia)
  • World Refugee Day (International)