What is Infertility?
Infertility, is the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy for 12 months or more despite regular and unprotected sexual intercourse. This condition can be caused by both male and female factors. According to research, approximately 50% of infertility cases are seen in men and 50% in women. These rates eliminate a common misconception in society; because infertility does not only affect women.
Causes of Infertility in Men
There are many factors that cause infertility in men. These factors can be generally grouped under the following headings:
- Hormonal Problems: Hormonal problems such as pituitary gland diseases, thyroid disorders and testosterone deficiency can affect fertility in men.
- Testicular Problems: Diseases originating from the testicles themselves can negatively affect sperm production. Conditions such as varicocele can reduce sperm quality.
- Physical and Environmental Factors: Obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and environmental toxins can also cause infertility in men.
- Problems in Sperm Transport: Problems in the transportation of sperm can also lead to infertility. Ejaculation disorders are included in this group.
Infertility Symptoms and Diagnostic Methods
Infertility symptoms may not usually be obvious. However, the inability to have children for a long time is considered a signal that couples should pay attention to. The diagnosis process begins with taking the male's reproductive history and performing a semen analysis. Semen analysis evaluates factors such as sperm count, motility and morphology. It is also important to evaluate physical findings such as testicular size and consistency. Further tests may be performed if necessary.
Infertility Treatment Methods
Infertility treatment varies depending on the causes. In general, the main treatment methods are:
- Hormonal Therapy: Treating testosterone deficiency or other hormonal disorders can improve the chances of fertility.
- Surgical intervention: Surgical treatment of physical problems such as varicocele can improve sperm quality. In addition, surgical methods can be applied for blockages in the sperm ducts.
- Assisted Reproductive Techniques: Micro-TESE and other sperm retrieval methods can be used in cases where sperm cannot be found.
The Importance of Lifestyle Changes
Lifestyle changes play a major role in infertility treatment. Elements such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and quitting tobacco and alcohol use can have positive effects on fertility. Smoking, in particular, seriously reduces sperm quality. In addition, reducing stress and adopting a healthy lifestyle can contribute to the treatment process.
Social Pressures Regarding Infertility
Couples who set out with the dream of having a child may face social pressures if they are unable to have a child for a long time. These pressures can have negative effects on couples psychologically. Therefore, increasing social awareness about infertility is of great importance. Supporting couples during this process is a critical factor in terms of morale and motivation.
Conclusion
Infertility represents a significant health problem for both men and women. Awareness should be increased and access to health services should be facilitated. Infertility treatment should be tailored to individual needs. Hormonal therapy, surgical interventions and lifestyle changes are effective methods in combating infertility.
