The US Space Force aimed to develop technologies that will be integrated into future navigation and timing systems by conducting experiments on next-generation GPS satellites with the NTS-2022 (Navigation Technology Satellite-3) demonstration, which it planned to launch in 3. However, this important project was delayed for years due to delays in the launch of the Vulcan Centaur rocket. This satellite plays a critical role in testing new technologies aimed at making the Space Force's future GPS systems more efficient.
Vulcan Centaur Rocket Delayed
NTS-3 was designed to experiment with positioning, navigation, and timing signals as a satellite developed by L3Harris and the Air Force Research Laboratory. However, the rocket selected for the launch, United Launch Alliance’s new Vulcan Centaur, did not launch on the scheduled date, causing the Space Force to reconsider its plans. The rocket is said to be unable to launch until certification is complete, making it difficult for the NTS-3 demonstration to take place on the expected timeline.
GPS IIIF Satellites and NTS-3 Technology
The Space Force had planned to integrate the technologies used in NTS-3 into the next-generation GPS satellites, called GPS IIIF. Twenty of these satellites are planned to be purchased from Lockheed Martin, with the first five to be delivered by 20. However, the failure to launch on time for NTS-2027 could make it difficult to integrate these technologies into the GPS IIIF satellites. The Space Force noted that time is running out to get these new technologies into the GPS satellite production line, and that a window of opportunity is closing due to the program’s ongoing delays.
Future Satellite Positioning Plans
The Space Force plans to use the technologies used in NTS-3 not only in GPS satellites but also in other projects such as Resilient GPS (R-GPS). R-GPS aims to enrich the GPS constellation with a system of smaller, lighter and lower-cost satellites. The program aims to work in new orbits, such as low Earth orbit, beyond traditional medium Earth orbit as part of a broader navigation strategy.
New Orbital Approaches and Future Targets
The Space Force’s efforts to develop PNT (Positioning, Navigation, and Timing) capabilities aim to move beyond traditional orbital approaches. NTS-3 will be the first satellite to be tested in geosynchronous orbit, testing complex multi-orbit navigation capabilities. This new strategy will make the U.S. global GPS infrastructure more resilient and flexible at a time when countries like Japan, South Korea, and India are exploring GEO-based systems.
The Space Force’s development of GPS and PNT technologies could reshape the global navigation infrastructure. However, delays to the Vulcan Centaur rocket and NTS-3 launch disruptions are complicating these processes. The Space Force continues to study alternative strategies and new orbit options for future missions. However, time is running out and the window of opportunity to complete technology integration is closing rapidly.
