Esophageal Cancer: Symptoms, Risk Factors and Treatment Methods
Esophageal cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This type of cancer is a disease caused by tumors that begin on the inner surface of the esophagus. It is more common in men, and with accurate information, the chance of early diagnosis and treatment can be increased.
Symptoms of Esophageal Cancer
The early stages of esophageal cancer are often asymptomatic. However, as the disease progresses, some symptoms may appear. These symptoms include:
- Difficulty Swallowing Solid Foods: One of the most common symptoms patients report is difficulty swallowing solid foods. This usually occurs early in the disease.
- Chest Pain: Pain in the chest area may be another symptom of esophageal cancer. This pain may increase over time.
- Bloody Cough: Patients may report coughing up blood, which may be related to disease progression.
- Sudden Weight Loss: Sudden weight loss of 6-7 kilograms in a month is a situation that should be taken into consideration. This may indicate that the body is not getting enough nutrients.
- Hoarseness: A hoarse or change in voice is another symptom that may be associated with esophageal cancer.
Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer
There are several known risk factors for esophageal cancer that may affect the development of the disease:
- Tobacco Use: The use of tobacco and tobacco products is one of the most important factors that increase the risk of esophageal cancer.
- Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption plays an important role in the development of this type of cancer. This situation is observed more clearly in Western societies.
- Drink Consumption at High Temperatures: Especially in the Eastern Anatolia Region, consumption of extremely hot tea and similar beverages may increase the risk of esophageal cancer.
- Nutrition habits: Smoked and overcooked foods are among the factors that increase the risk of esophageal cancer.
- Chronic Gastric Reflux: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is considered a risk factor for esophageal cancer.
Diagnostic Methods of Esophageal Cancer
The methods used to diagnose esophageal cancer vary depending on the stage of the disease. Early diagnosis is important because it increases the chance of treatment. Diagnostic methods are as follows:
- Endoscopy: Endoscopy is performed to examine the inner surface of the esophagus. This method provides direct visualization.
- Biopsy: Tissue samples taken during the endoscopy are sent for laboratory tests to determine the presence of cancer cells.
- Imaging Tests: Methods such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to assess the spread of the tumor.
Treatment Methods for Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer The methods used in treatment vary depending on the stage of the disease and the general health of the patient. Treatment options include:
- Surgical intervention: In the early stages of the disease, surgical removal of part or all of the esophagus may be necessary. This may involve creating a tube through the stomach or large intestine to provide nutrition to the patient.
- Chemotherapy: Drug therapy that targets cancer cells, often given before or after surgery, can help shrink tumors.
- Radiotherapy: The aim is to destroy cancer cells using high-energy rays. Radiotherapy is usually applied as a supportive treatment before or after surgery.
- Stent Application: If the disease is in an advanced stage, a stent may need to be placed to open the narrowing of the esophagus. This method makes it easier for the patient to eat.
Esophageal cancer is a manageable disease with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Being alert to symptoms and regular health checkups play a critical role in preventing this disease.
