Today in History: Confederation of Revolutionary Trade Unions (DİSK) Established

February 13 is the 44nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 321 days left until the end of the year (322 in leap years).

Events

• 1258 - Hulagu occupied Baghdad. 200 Baghdadi died.
• 1633 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome to stand trial at the inquisition.
• 1668 - Spain recognizes Portugal as a separate state.
• 1894 - Auguste Lumière and Louis Lumière patent the cinematograph (a film camera and projector combined).
• 1925 – Sheikh Said Rebellion: A reactionary and separatist movement started under the leadership of Sheikh Said in the Genc district of Bingol, during the days when there was a problem with the United Kingdom on the Mosul issue, the solution of which was left to Turkey and the United Kingdom at the Lausanne Conference. The uprising also spread to Diyarbakir.
• 1926 – In order to combat extravagance, the Law on Prohibition of Israfat was passed.
• 1934 – The steamship “Chelyuskin” belonging to the USSR sank in the Antarctic ocean.
• 1945 – II. World War II: USSR troops recapture Budapest from the Germans. The Royal Air Force of the United Kingdom began bombing the German city of Dresden.
• 1949 – Fenerbahce's new stadium was opened.
• 1960 – France detonates an atomic bomb in the Sahara, despite objections from the UN and the United States.
• 1961 – 7 new parties were established. New Turkey Party, Turkish Workers Party, Service to the Nation Party, Trust Party, Musavat Party, Conservative Party and Republican Party. It was the last day to participate in the election. Avni Erakalın was appointed as the Chairman of the Workers' Party of Turkey, which was founded by a group of union leaders such as Kemal Türkler, Rıza Kuas, Kemal Nebioğlu and İbrahim Denizcier.
• 1962 – Former Minister of Justice Hüseyin Avni Göktürk and former Minister of Labor Mümtaz Tarhan were arrested. It was alleged that former Ministers imported radio batteries with foreign currency belonging to the State Treasury. They were evacuated on March 2, 1962.
• 1963 – Istanbul Prosecutor's Office filed a lawsuit against 2 employers who did not comply with the Workers' Insurance Law.
• 1963 - Ankara Governor's Office banned the playing of records in taxis; pickups in taxis are being dismantled.
• 1965 – When the 1965 budget was rejected by 197 votes to 225, Prime Minister İsmet İnönü resigned.
• 1966 – 6th day of Cemal Gürsel's coma; The parties agreed on the Presidential candidacy of Chief of General Staff Gen. Cevdet Sunay.
• 1967 – The Revolutionary Confederation of Trade Unions (DİSK) was founded. Union Presidents in their statement; They said, "We came together for the interests, rights, freedoms and dignity of the Turkish working class."
• 1969 – In Istanbul, female university students organized a protest march and rally against the American 6th Fleet.
• 1971 – Vietnam War: South Vietnamese forces, backed by American forces, take Laos.
• 1974 – 1970 Nobel Prize winner for Literature Alexander Solzhenitsyn was exiled outside the USSR for his book “Gulag Archipelago, 1918-1956”.
• 1975 – The Turkish Federated State of Cyprus was proclaimed.
• 1984 – Konstantin Chernenko was appointed as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, replacing Yuri Andropov.
• 1985 – The public trial brought against the executives of the National Salvation Party, which was closed, ended. Party Chairman Necmettin Erbakan and 22 of his friends were acquitted. During this whole period from February 1981 to February 1985, Necmettin Erbakan was imprisoned for 10 months.
• 1988 – Olympic Winter Games started in Calgary Alberta (Canada).
• 1990 – 12 faculty members, who were dismissed after September 1402, started to apply to their universities to return to their duties. The first application was made by Professor Dr. Huseyin Hatemi did it.
• 1993 – President Turgut Özal demanded that a rally be held in Istanbul Taksim Square to protest the ongoing war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Government partners, the True Path Party and the Social Democratic Populist Party, announced that they would not attend the rally and claimed that Turgut Özal's aim was to put on a show. The Motherland Party decided to join. The rally was quiet.
• 1997 - Astronauts aboard the space shuttle Discovery begin repairing the Hubble telescope.
• 2001 – 6,6 magnitude earthquake in El Salvador: at least 400 people died.
• 2005 – Turkey took over the command of the International Security and Assistance Force in Afghanistan from the European Corps with a ceremony held in Kabul for 6 months.
• 2007 – In the General Assembly of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, it was accepted to open a parliamentary investigation on the deterioration and alienation of the Turkish language.
• 2008 – In the case regarding the attacks against the members of the 2nd Chamber of the Council of State and the Cumhuriyet newspaper, the Ankara 11th High Criminal Court decided to sentence Alparslan Arslan to aggravated life imprisonment twice. The defendants Osman Yıldırım, Erhan Timuroğlu and İsmail Sağır were sentenced to life imprisonment. The accused Süleyman Esen was sentenced to a total of 2 years, 17 months and 8 days, while Tekin İrşi was sentenced to a total of 15 years, 10 months and 2 days.
• 2012 – Europe's new carrier rocket, Vega, is launched from French Guiana in South America. 

Births

• 1599 – VII. Alexander, Pope (d. 1667)
• 1672 – Étienne François Geoffroy, French chemist (d. 1731)
• 1719 George Brydges Rodney, naval officer in the Royal Navy of Great Britain (d. 1792)
• 1766 Thomas Robert Malthus, English economist (d. 1834)
• 1768 – Édouard Mortier, French general and field marshal (d. 1835)
• 1769 – Ivan Krilov, Russian journalist, poet, playwright, translator (d. 1844)
• 1793 – Philipp Veit, German romantic painter (d. 1877)
• 1805 – Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, German mathematician (d. 1859)
• 1811 – François Achille Bazaine, French field marshal (d. 1888)
• 1821 – John Turtle Wood, English architect, engineer, and archaeologist (d. 1890)
• 1835 – Mirza Ghulam Ahmed, founder of the Ahmadi religious movement (d. 1908)
• 1849 – Wilhelm Voigt, German forger and shoemaker (d. 1922)
• 1852 – Ion Luca Caragiale, German screenwriter, short story, poetry writer, theater manager, political commentator, and journalist (d. 1912)
• 1852 – John Louis Emil Dreyer, Danish-Irish astronomer (d. 1926)
• 1855 – Paul Deschanel, 10th president of the Third Republic in France (d. 1922)
• 1870 – Leopold Godowsky, Polish-American piano virtuoso and composer (d. 1938)
• 1873 – Fyodor Chaliapin, Russian opera singer (d. 1938)
• 1877 – Fehim Spaho, Bosnian cleric (d. 1942)
• 1879 – Prince Sabahattin, Turkish politician and philosopher (d. 1948)
• 1888 – George Papandreou, Greek Politician and 162nd Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1968)
• 1891 – Grant Wood, American painter (d. 1942)
• 1894 – Hambartzum Khachanyan, Armenian film actor (d. 1944)
• 1903 – Georges Simenon, Belgian crime writer (d. 1989)
• 1906 – Agostinho da Silva, Portuguese philosopher (d. 1994)
• 1910 – William B. Shockley, American physicist, inventor, and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 1989)
• 1915 – Aung San, Burmese nationalist leader (d. 1947)
• 1916 – Samim Kocagöz, Turkish writer (d. 1993)
• 1921 – Ulvi Uraz, Turkish theater and film actress (d. 1974)
• 1923 - Chuck Yeager, first American aviator to exceed the speed of sound
• 1928 – Refik Erduran, Turkish writer (d. 2017)
• 1929 – Kenan Erim, Turkish archaeologist (d. 1990)
• 1930 – Frank Buxton, American actor, voice actor, writer, and television director (d. 2018)
• 1932 – Barbara Shelley, English actress (d. 2021)
• 1932 – Nail Güreli, Turkish journalist and writer (d. 2016)
• 1933 - Kim Novak, American actress
• 1937 – Oliver Reed, English actor (d. 1999)
• 1947 – Rüçhan Çalışkur, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor
• 1950 – Mazhar Alanson, Turkish singer, guitarist, songwriter and actor
• 1950 – Peter Gabriel, English musician (Genesis band)
• 1952 – Ed Gagliardi, American musician (Foreigner band)
• 1958 – Nilgün Marmara, Turkish poet (d. 1987)
• 1973 – Sibel Alaş, Turkish singer and songwriter
• 1974 – Robbie Williams, English musician
• 1976 - Leslie Feist, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1976 – Nihat Doğan, Turkish singer
• 1978 – Edsilia Rombley, Dutch musician
• 1980 – Sebastian Kehl, German football player
• 1984 – Apoño, Spanish football player
• 1986 – Besim Kunić, Swedish football player
• 1989 – Ali Balkaya, Turkish football player (d. 2011)
• 1995 – Tibor Linka, Slovak canoeist

Deaths

• 1021 – Judge, Fatimid caliph (b. 985)
• 1332 – II. Andronikos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1259)
• 1542 – Catherine Howard, Queen of England (b. 1523)
• 1608 – Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski, Orthodox prince of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (b. 1526)
• 1660 – Karl X. Gustav, king of Sweden and duke of Bremen (b. 1622)
• 1787 – Ruđer Bošković, Ragusan scientist (b. 1711)
• 1787 – Charles Gravier, Count of Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat (b. 1717)
• 1789 – Paolo Renier, Associate Professor of the Republic of Venice (b. 1710)
• 1791 – Ruscuklu Çelebizade Şerif Hasan Pasha, Ottoman statesman (b. ?)
• 1837 – Mariano José de Larra, Spanish journalist and author (b. 1809)
• 1883 – Richard Wagner, German opera composer (b. 1813)
• 1906 – ‎Albert Gottschalk‎‎, Danish painter (‎b. 1866)
• 1909 – Julius Thomsen, Danish chemist (b. 1826)
• 1920 – Otto Gross, Austrian psychoanalyst (b. 1877)
• 1926 – Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, Irish philosopher and political economist (b. 1845)
• 1943 – Neyyire Neyir (Munire Eyüp Ertuğrul), Turkish theater and film actress (b. 1902)
• 1955 – Nubar Tekyay, Turkish violin (b. 1905)
• 1957 – Oszkár Jászi, Hungarian social scientist and politician (b. 1875)
• 1967 – Forough Farrokhzad, Iranian poet, writer, director and painter (b. 1935)
• 1980 – David Janssen, American actor (b. 1931)
• 1991 – Arno Breker, German sculptor (b. 1900)
• 1992 – Nikolay Bogolyubov, Soviet scientist (b. 1909)
• 1996 – Martin Balsam, American actor (b. 1919)
• 2002 – Waylon Jennings, American singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
• 2004 – Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, 2nd President of the Chechen Republic, writer (b. 1954)
• 2005 – Hüdai Oral, Turkish politician and former Minister of Energy and Natural Resources (b. 1925)
• 2005 – Lucia dos Santos, Portuguese carmelite nun (b. 1907)
• 2005 – Teoman Alpay, Turkish composer (b. 1932)
• 2006 – Andreas Katsulas, Greek-American actor (b. 1946)
• 2006 – Peter Frederick Strawson, British philosopher (b. 1919)
• 2009 – Bahtiyar Vahabzade, Azerbaijani poet and writer (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Stefan Wigger, German actor (b. 1932)
• 2014 – Ralph Waite, American actor and voice actor (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Richard Møller Nielsen, Danish national football player and manager (b. 1937)
• 2017 – Kim Jong-nam, North Korean soldier, politician, and eldest son of former North Korean leader Kim Jong-il (b. 1971)
• 2018 – Dobri Dobrev, Bulgarian philanthropist (b. 1914)
• 2018 – Henrik, Queen of Denmark II. Margrethe's husband (b. 1934)
• 2018 – Agop Kotoğyan, Armenian-Turkish dermatologist (b. 1939)
• 2019 – Idriz Ajeti, Kosovan historian (b. 1917)
• 2019 – Ozan Arif, Turkish teacher, folk troubadour, and poet (b. 1949)
• 2019 – Jack Coghill, American businessman and politician (b. 1925)
• 2019 – Bibi Ferreira, Brazilian actress and singer (b. 1922)
• 2019 – Eric Harrison, English professional former football player and coach (b. 1938)
• 2019 – Connie Jones, American jazz trumpeter and cornet player (b. 1934)
• 2019 – Vitali Khmelnitski, Soviet-Ukrainian former professional football player and coach (b. 1943)
• 2020 – Alexei Botyan, Soviet Union spy (b. 1916)
• 2020 – Des Britten, New Zealand businessman, presenter, author, foodie chef and Anglican pastor (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Liu Shouxiang, Chinese watercolorist and professor (b. 1958)
• 2021 – Xabier Agirre, Spanish administrator and politician (b. 1951)
• 2021 – Louis Clark, English musician (b. 1947)
• 2021 – Sydney Devine, Scottish singer (b. 1940)
• 2021 – Olle Nygren, Swedish speedboat competitor (b. 1929)
• 2021 – Andon Qesari, Albanian actor and theater director (b. 1942)
• 2021 – Kadir Topbaş, Turkish architect and Mayor of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (b. 1945)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Radio Day
• The liberation of Erzincan from the French occupation (1918)
• Liberation of Giresun's Görele district from Russian and Armenian occupation (1918)