Today in History: Martin Luther King Receives Nobel Peace Prize

October 14 is the 287th (288th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 78.

Railways

• 14 October 1941 The stations between Uzunköprü and Svilingrad have been transferred to the State Railways.

Events

• 1586 - Mary Stuart agrees to plead guilty to an attempt to assassinate her sister, Elizabeth I.
• 1808 – Nizam-ı Cedid was re-established under the name of Sekban-ı Cedid.
• 1882 – University of Punjab (Pakistan) was established.
• 1912 - Former president Theodore Roosevelt is shot and slightly injured by John Flammang Schrank. Roosevelt gave his scheduled speech with the fresh wound in his chest and the bullet inside.
• 1913 – coal mine accident in the United Kingdom; 439 people died.
• 1915 – World War I: The Kingdom of Bulgaria joins the Central Powers.
• 1920 – Finland and Soviet Russia sign the Treaty of Tartu, which changes some territories and sets the border.
• 1925 – The first reinforced concrete bridge in Turkey was built over the Büyük Menderes river.
• 1926 – According to the Turkish Civil Code, the first civil marriage was held in Istanbul by Şehremini Muhittin Bey.
• 1933 - Germany announces it will leave the Geneva Conference on Disarmament and the League of Nations.
• 1940 – World War II: During the German bombardment of London, called The Blitz, 66 people are killed at Balham Station of the London Underground.
• 1944 - Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel dies.
• 1944 – World War II: The British Army enters Athens.
• 1947 - American test pilot Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier.
• 1950 – Turkish troops arrived in Korea.
• 1956 – Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, leader of the Untouchables caste in India, converted to Buddhism with his 385.000 followers.
• 1958 - The USA conducted an underground nuclear test in Nevada.
• 1960 – Yassıada Trials started. The first case was the “Dog Case” regarding the sale of the dog that the Afghan King gave as a gift to Celal Bayar to the zoo.
• 1964 – Martin Luther King receives the Nobel Peace Prize for tackling racial inequality through nonviolence.
• 1964 – Soviet Union leader Nikita Khrushchev is dismissed while on vacation on the Black Sea coast, replaced by Leonid Brezhnev. Alexei Kosygin became Prime Minister.
• 1964 – At the Olympic Games in Tokyo, the Turkish National Freestyle Wrestling Team became the champion.
• 1968 - The first live TV broadcast of American astronauts in orbit was made by the Apollo 7 crew.
• 1968 – American Jim Hines became the first person to go under 100 seconds (10 s) in the 9,95 m at the Olympic Games held in Mexico City. Hines was able to retain this title until 1983.
• 1968 – A 6,8 magnitude earthquake struck Meckering, Australia.
• 1969 - Olof Palme becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.
• 1973 – General elections are concluded. The Republican People's Party won 185, the Justice Party 149, the National Salvation Party 48, the Democratic Party 45, the Republican Trust Party 13, the Nationalist Movement Party 3, the Turkey Unity Party 1 deputy. 6 MPs were also elected independently.
• 1973 – On the holy day of Yom Kippur, Egyptian and Syrian armies attack Israel.
• 1973 – In Thailand, 77 people were killed and 857 people were injured in the uprising of university students for a democratic government.
• 1980 – An operation was carried out on the "Diyarbakir" plane of Turkish Airlines, which was hijacked to Diyarbakir. 4 hijackers alleged to be fundamentalists were caught. One passenger died during the operation.
• 1981 - Hosni Mubarak becomes President of Egypt one week after the assassination of Anwar Sadat.
• 1982 – Yaşar Kemal won the International Cino del Duca Award in France.
• 1987 – The Atatürk International Peace Prize was awarded to the President of Germany, Richard von Weizsaecker.
• 1987 – The first domestically produced F-16 fighter aircraft was tested by Şener Seat and joined the Air Force Command.
• 1991 – Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
• 1994 – Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin, and Shimon Perez receive the Nobel Peace Prize for their role in realizing the Oslo Accords and framing future Palestinian self-government.
• 2003 – During the American Major League Baseball game played in Chicago, the scandal called the "Steve Bartman Incident" took place.
• 2012 - Felix Baumgartner successfully jumped to Earth from a balloon in the stratosphere.

Births

• 1420 – Tomás de Torquemada, Spanish clergyman and leader of the Spanish Inquisition (d. 1498)
• 1427 – Alesso Baldovinetti, Italian painter (d. 1499)
• 1542 – Akbar Shah, 3rd Ruler of the Mughal Empire (d. 1605)
• 1630 – Sophia, prospective heir to the throne of England, Scotland, Ireland under the Succession Act 1701 (d. 1714)
• 1633 – II. James, king of England, Scotland and Ireland (d. 1701)
• 1643 – Bahadır Shah, 7th Shah of the Mughal Empire (d. 1712)
• 1644 – William Penn, English entrepreneur, philosopher, and theologian (d. 1718)
• 1712 – George Grenville, English politician (d. 1770)
• 1784 – VII. Fernando, King of Spain (d. 1833)
• 1791 – Friedrich Parrot, German naturalist and traveler (d. 1841)
• 1801 – Joseph Plateau, Belgian physicist (d. 1883)
• 1812 – Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ, Danish politician and mathematician (d. 1893)
• 1824 – Adolphe Monticelli, French painter (d. 1886)
• 1867 – Masaoka Shiki, Meiji-era Japanese poet, writer, and literary critic (d. 1902)
• 1871 – Alexander (von) Zemlinsky, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1942)
• 1873 – Jules Rimet, French football manager and 3rd President of FIFA (d. 1956)
• 1876 ​​Jules Bonnot, French anarchist and outlaw (d. 1912)
• 1879 – Rafael de Nogales Méndez, Venezuelan soldier and writer (d. 1936)
• 1882 – Éamon de Valera, Irish politician and Irish independence leader (d. 1975)
• 1888 – Kathleen Mansfield, New Zealand modernist short story writer (d. 1923)
• 1890 – Dwight Eisenhower, 34th President of the United States (d. 1969)
• 1893 – Lillian Gish, American film and stage actress (d. 1993)
• 1894 – EE Cummings, American poet (d. 1962)
• 1900 – William Edwards Deming, American statistician (d. 1993)
• 1906 Hannah Arendt, German political scientist (d. 1975)
• 1906 – Hassan al-Banna, Egyptian political and religious leader (founder of the Muslim Brotherhood movement) (d. 1949)
• 1910 – John Wooden, Former American basketball player and coach (d. 2010)
• 1911 – Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese revolutionary, diplomat, and politician (d. 1990)
• 1914 – Raymond Davis Jr., American physicist (d. 2006)
• 1915 – Loris Francesco Capovilla, Italian Cardinal (d. 2016)
• 1916 – C. Everett Koop, American pediatrician (d. 2013)
• 1917 – Violeta Parra, Chilean folk singer (d. 1967)
• 1925 – Nevzat Atlığ, Turkish composer
• 1927 – Roger Moore, English actor (d. 2017)
• 1930 – Joseph Mobutu, President of Zaire (d. 1997)
• 1930 – Robert Parker, American rhythm and blues singer and musician (d. 2020)
• 1938 – Farah Diba, Queen of Iran
• 1939 – Ralph Lauren, American fashion designer
• 1940 – Cliff Richard, English pop singer
• 1943 – Mohammed Khatami, 5th president of Iran
• 1944 – Şerif Gören, Turkish film director
• 1944 – Udo Kier, German actor
• 1946 – François Bozizé, former President of the Central African Republic from 2003 to 2013
• 1946 – Craig Venter, American biologist and businessman
• 1947 – Nikolai Volkoff, Croatian-Yugoslav-American professional wrestler (d. 2018)
• 1948 – Engin Arık, Turkish physicist (d. 2007)
• 1952 – Harry Anderson, American actor and magician (d. 2018)
• 1952 – Nikolay Andrianov, Soviet/Russian gymnast (d. 2011)
• 1954 – Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician
• 1956 – Haydar Ergülen, Turkish poet and writer
• 1956 – Ümit Besen, Turkish musician
• 1959 – AJ Pero, American drummer and musician (d. 2015)
• 1961 – Emel Müftüoğlu, Turkish singer, actress and presenter
• 1962 – Trevor Goddard, English actor (d. 2003)
• 1963 – Deniz Oral, Turkish actress
• 1964 – Neşe Erberk, Turkish model
• 1965 – Steve Coogan, Irish-British comedian, actor, film producer and director
• 1965 – Karyn White, American R&B singer and songwriter
• 1969 – Viktor Onopko, former Russian defender
• 1970 – Anzhela Atroshchenko, Turkish athlete of Belarusian origin
• 1970 – Jim Jackson, US national basketball player
• 1974 - Jessica Drake, American porn star
• 1974 – Tümer Metin, Turkish football player
• 1978 – Paul Hunter, English professional snooker player (d. 2006)
• 1978 – Usher, American R&B singer
• 1979 – Kemal Doğulu, Turkish singer and photographer
• 1979 – Stacy Keibler, American actress, model, former professional wrestler, and singer-songwriter
• 1979 – Rodrigo Tello, Chilean football player
• 1980 – Ben Whishaw, British film and stage actor
• 1980 – Cansu Dere, Turkish actress
• 1983 - Betty Heidler, German hammer thrower
• 1988 – Ceyda Ateş, Turkish actress
• 1992 – Esra Bilgic, Turkish actress
• 1992 – Ahmed Musa, Nigerian football player

Deaths

• 996 – Aziz, fifth Fatimid caliph from December 21, 975 to October 14, 996 (b. 955)
• 1066 – Harold Godwinson, last Anglo-Saxon king of England (b. 1022)
• 1077 – Andronikos Ducas, Byzantine protovestiarios ve protoproedros
• 1092 – Nizam-ül Mulk, Persian Vizier of the Great Seljuk State (b. 1018)
• 1095 – Béatrix I, countess of Bigorre (b. 1064)
• 1240 – Raziye Begum, ruler of the Turkish Sultanate of Delhi (b. ?)
• 1669 – Antonio Cesti, Italian composer (b. 1623)
• 1817 – Fyodor Ushakov, Russian admiral (b. 1744)
• 1911 – John Marshall Harlan, American lawyer and politician (b. 1833)
• 1925 – Eugen Sandow, American bodybuilder (b. 1867)
• 1931 – Mehmet Ruhi Arel, Turkish painter (b. 1880)
• 1944 – Erwin Rommel, German Generalfeldmarschall (Desert Fox nicknamed) (suicide) (b. 1891)
• 1953 – Kyūichi Tokuda, Japanese communist revolutionary, politician, and lawyer (b. 1894)
• 1956 – Jeanne d'Alcy, French film actress (b. 1865)
• 1959 – Errol Flynn, Australian actor (b. 1909)
• 1959 – Osman Nihat Akın, Turkish composer (b. 1905)
• 1960 – Abram Ioffe, Soviet Russian physicist (b. 1880)
• 1961 – Paul Ramadier, French politician and Prime Minister (b. 1888)
• 1967 – Kazım Nami Duru, Turkish journalist, writer and educator (b. 1875)
• 1967 – Marcel Aymé, French writer (b. 1902)
• 1974 – Settar Behlulzade, Azerbaijani painter (b. 1909)
• 1976 – Edith Evans, English film and stage actress (b. 1888)
• 1977 – Bing Crosby, American singer and actor (b. 1903)
• 1981 – Hüseyin Nail Kubalı, Turkish academic (b. 1903)
• 1984 – Martin Ryle, British radio astronomer (b. 1918)
• 1990 – Leonard Bernstein, American composer (b. 1918)
• 1997 – Harold Robbins, American novelist (b. 1916)
• 1999 – Julius Nyerere, Tanzanian lecturer and politician (b. 1922)
• 2002 – Orhan Aldinç, Turkish journalist (b. 1929)
• 2006 – Cahit Talas, Turkish academic and politician (former Minister of Labor) (b. 1917)
• 2006 – Selahattin İçli, Turkish composer (b. 1923)
• 2007 – Big Moe, American black rapper and singer (d. 1974)
• 2009 – Lou Albano, American professional wrestler, manager, and actor (b. 1933)
• 2010 – Simon MacCorkindale, English actor (b. 1952)
• 2010 – Benoit Mandelbrot, Polish-born French and American scientist and mathematician (b. 1924)
• 2013 – José Borello, Argentine football player who played for a number of clubs in Argentina and Chile (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Bruno Metsu, former French football player and manager (b. 1954)
• 2014 – Doğan Güreş, Turkish soldier and 21st Chief of Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Isaiah “Ikey” Owens, American musician and record producer (b. 1975)
• 2014 – Elizabeth Peña, American actress (b. 1959)
• 2014 – Hüseyin Üzmez, Turkish writer and lawyer (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Nurlan Balgimbayev, prime minister of Kazakhstan from October 10, 1997 to October 1, 1999 (b. 1947)
• 2015 – Mathieu Kérékou, Benin politician (b. 1933)
• 2016 – Jean Alexander, English actor (b. 1926)
• 2016 – Pierre Étaix, French comedian, clown and filmmaker (b. 1928)
• 2016 – Ümit Utku, Turkish director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1929)
• 2018 – Milena Dravić, Serbian actress (b. 1940)
• 2018 – Gerben Hofma, former Dutch national football player (b. 1925)
• 2018 – Mel Ramos, American painter working in the figurative style (b. 1935)
• 2019 – Harold Bloom, American critic (b. 1930)
• 2019 – Igor Kaleshin, Soviet-Russian professional football player and coach (b. 1952)
• 2019 – Sulli, South Korean actress, model, and singer (b. 1994)
• 2020 – Rhonda Fleming, American stage, film and television actress (b. 1923)
• 2020 – Herbert Kretzmer, South African-born English songwriter and journalist (b. 1925)
• 2020 – Kuniwo Nakamura, Palau politician (b. 1943)

Holidays and special occasions

• Lokman Physician Memorial Day
• Hijri New Year: 2015
• Storm: Storm of the Virgin Mary