Today in History: Prof. Dr. Aziz Sancar Becomes the First Turkish Winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

October 7 is the 280th (281th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 85.

Railways

• October 7, 1869 Grand Vizier Ali Pasha presented the contract and specifications of Rumeli railways to the approval of Sultan Abdülaziz, and on the same date, the decree was given to Baron Hirsch.
• 7 October 1914 Demonstration on the Anatolian Baghdad Railway - The Samarra (57 km) line is opened.
• 1928 – Tram workers went on strike in Istanbul. The strike lasted 8 days.

Events

• 1337 – King of England III. With Edward's claim to the throne of France, the Hundred Years' War began, which would last 116 years.
• 1571 – The Ottoman Empire suffered its first loss of war in the rising period after being defeated in the Naval Battle of Lepanto against the Crusader Navy.
• 1737 – Waves reaching 13 meters high kill 300.000 people in Bengal (India).
• 1769 - British explorer Captain Cook discovered New Zealand.
• 1806 - Carbon paper is patented in the United Kingdom.
• 1826 – The first railroad line in the United States opens in Massachusetts.
• 1879 - The Dual Alliance is formed between the German Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
• 1897 – The Bund, the communist Jewish workers' association in Russia, is founded.
• 1913 - American businessman Henry Ford started to use the walking belt technique in production.
• 1919 – KLM, the oldest operating airline, was founded in the Netherlands.
• 1920 - TR Official Gazette was established.
• 1922 – The liberation of Şile (Istanbul) from the British occupation.
• 1926 – In Italy, the Fascist Party led by Mussolini declares it to be the State Party; Any opposition is prohibited.
• 1940 - Nazi Germany invaded Romania.
• 1949 - East Germany is founded.
• 1950 - The Chinese People's Liberation Army enters Tibet
• 1952 – The barcode was patented.
• 1954 – Suna Kan won the first prize in the international violin competition held in Geneva.
• 1954 – The Communist Party of Turkey trial was concluded. 131 defendants were sentenced to prison sentences ranging from 1 to 10 years.
• 1959 - The Soviet space rocket Luna-3 took the first pictures of the invisible side of the Moon.
• 1960 – Nigeria joins the United Nations.
• 1962 – Diyarbakır's Suriçi area was declared a “museum zone”.
• 1963 – Hurricane Flora hits Haiti and the Dominican Republic; 7190 people died.
• 1966 – After a survey of more than 100 thousand people, the first Turkish car was named "Anadol".
• 1967 – Asaba Massacre by Federal Forces in the Biafra Civil War in Nigeria.
• 1970 - Richard Nixon announces his five-point peace proposal to end the Vietnam War.
• 1971 - Michael Jackson released his first single at the age of 13 (“Got to Be There“) took it out.
• 1971 - Oman became a member of the United Nations.
• 1977 – The 3rd Constitution of the USSR was proclaimed.
• 1980 – With the execution of left-wing Necdet Adalı and right-wing Mustafa Pehlivanoğlu, the first of 12 executions after the September 49 coup took place.
• 1982 – He will perform 7485 times in total Cats The musical premiered on Broadway.
• 1985 – The passenger ship Achille Lauro was hijacked by militants from the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
• 1987 – Fiji was declared a republic.
• 1987 – The Communist Party of Turkey (TKP) and the Workers' Party of Turkey (TIP) merged to become the United Communist Party of Turkey (TBKP).
• 1989 – At the 26th Golden Orange Film Festival, “Don't Let The Kite Shoot” film won 5 awards.
• 1991 – Deputy Press Attaché of the Turkish Embassy in Athens, Çetin Görgü, was killed. The November 17 Organization claimed responsibility for the attack.
• 1993 - Toni Morrison wins the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• 1993 – Under the leadership of Yusuf Bozkurt Özal, a political party called Yeni Party was founded.
• 2001 – In response to the September 11 attacks, the United States declared the War on Terrorism and began bombing Afghanistan.
• 2002 – Israeli troops attacked Khan Younis in Gaza, 14 Palestinians were killed and 110 were injured.
• 2002 – The Nobel Prize in Medicine was shared by British scientists Sydney Brenner and John E. Sulston and American H. Robert Horvitz.
• 2003 - Film actor Arnold Schwarzenegger is elected Governor of California.
• 2012 - Hugo Chavez wins the Venezuelan Presidential election for the last time before his death.
• 2015 – Prof. Dr. Aziz Sancar became the first Turkish person to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Births

• 13 BC – Julius Caesar Drusus, Emperor Tiberius' first and only son by his first wife, Vipsania Agrippina (d. 23)
• 1301 – Alexander Mikhailovich, prince of Tver and principality of Vladimir-Suzdal (d. 1339)
• 1471 – Frederick I, King of Denmark (d. 1533)
• 1573 – William Laud, English scholar and clergyman (d. 1645)
• 1728 – Caesar Rodney, American politician and lawyer (d. 1784)
• 1748 – XIII. Karl, King of Sweden (also first King of the Swedish-Norwegian union) (d. 1818)
• 1797 – Peter Georg Bang, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1861)
• 1809 – Gaspare Fossati, Italian architect (d. 1883)
• 1810 – Fritz Reuter, German novelist (d. 1874)
• 1821 – Richard H. Anderson, U.S. Army officer who served in the Mexican-American War (d. 1879)
• 1841 – Nicholas I, King of Montenegro (d. 1921)
• 1860 – Leonidas Paraskevopoulos, Greek senior military officer and politician (d. 1936)
• 1885 – Niels Bohr, Danish nuclear physicist and inventor of the Atomic bomb (d. 1962)
• 1888 – Henry A. Wallace, 33rd vice president of the United States (d. 1965)
• 1896 – Paulino Alcántara, Spanish football player and manager of Philippine descent (d. 1964)
• 1897 – Elijah Mohammed, American religious leader (leader of the Black movement in the United States called the American Islamic Mission) (d. 1975)
• 1900 – Heinrich Himmler, German politician and SS leader (d. 1945)
• 1914 Herman Keiser, American golfer (d. 2003)
• 1917 – June Allyson, American actress (d. 2006)
• 1921 – Red Adams, American baseball player (d. 2017)
• 1922 – Martha Stewart, American actress and singer (d. 2021)
• 1923 – Jean-Paul Riopelle, Canadian painter (d. 2002)
• 1925 – Feyyaz Berker, Turkish businessman (d. 2017)
• 1927 – RD Laing, Scottish psychiatrist (d. 1989)
• 1928 – Lorna Wing, English psychiatrist and physicist (d. 2014)
• 1931 – Desmond Tutu, South African priest and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 2021)
• 1931 – Ryuzo Hiraki, Japanese football player (d. 2009)
• 1934 – Amiri Baraka, African-American writer, poet, and activist (d. 2014)
• 1934 – Ulrike Meinhof, German revolutionary (d. 1976)
• 1935 – Thomas Keneally, Booker Prize-winning Australian novelist, playwright, and nonfiction writer
• 1939 – John Hopcroft, American computer scientist
• 1939 – Harry Kroto, British chemist who shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Robert Curl and Richard Smalley (d. 2016)
• 1940 – Nevzat Kösoğlu, Turkish politician and writer (d. 2013)
• 1943 – Ollie North, Political commentator and television guest, military historian
• 1944 – Donald Tsang, chief executive and chairman of the board of Hong Kong from 2005 to 2012
• 1950 – Doğan Hakyemez, Turkish national basketball player and basketball manager (d. 2018)
• 1950 – Jakaya Kikwete, Tanzanian soldier and politician
• 1951 – John Mellencamp, American musician, singer, and painter
• 1952 – Ivo Gregurević, Croatian actor (d. 2019)
• 1952 – Vladimir Putin, Russian politician and President of Russia
• 1953 – Tico Torres, American musician, drummer and percussionist of Bon Jovi
• 1955 – Yo-Yo Ma, Chinese-born French and American cellist and songwriter
• 1956 – Brian Sutter, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1957 – Faruk Hadžibegić, Bosnian football player
• 1957 – Jayne Torvill, English figure skater
• 1959 – Brazo de Oro, Mexican professional wrestler who wrestled in the Lucha libre style (d. 2017)
• 1959 – Simon Cowell, British television producer
• 1963 – Orhan Erdem, Turkish politician
• 1964 – Yavuz Bingöl, Turkish musician, singer, film and TV series actor
• 1964 – Sam Brown, English singer-songwriter
• 1964 – Daniel Savage, American author, media expert, journalist, and LGBT community activist
• 1966 – Tania Aebi, American sailor and author
• 1967 – Toni Braxton, American singer
• 1968 – Thom Yorke, English musician
• 1973 – Dida, Brazilian goalkeeper
• 1973 – Grigol Mgaloblishvili, Georgian politician and diplomat
• 1973 – Sami Hyypia, Finnish football player
• 1974 – Bertuğ Cemil, Turkish singer
• 1974 – Ruslan Nigmatullin, Russian national football player
• 1974 – Charlotte Perrelli, Swedish singer and actress
• 1976 – Gilberto Silva, Brazilian national football player
• 1976 - Santiago Solari, former Argentine midfielder
• 1978 – Alesha Dixon, English singer, dancer, rapper, actress, presenter and model
• 1979 - Aaron Ashmore, Canadian actor
• 1979 – Shawn Ashmore, Canadian film and television actor
• 1981 – Austin Eubanks, American motivational speaker (d. 2019)
• 1982 – Madjid Bougherra, French-born Algerian defender
• 1982 – Jermaine Defoe, English football player
• 1984 – Toma Ikuta, Japanese television and stage actor
• 1984 – Simon Poulsen, Danish national football player
• 1985 – Jana Khokhlova, Russian figure skater
• 1986 – Gunnar Nielsen, Faroese national football player
• 1986 – Bree Olson, American porn star
• 1986 – Holland Roden, American actor
• 1987 – Jeremy Brockie, New Zealand national football player
• 1987 – Aiden English, American professional wrestler
• 1988 – Diego Costa, Brazilian-born Spanish national football player
• 1990 – Sebastián Coates, Uruguayan national football player
• 1991 – Lay, Chinese rapper, singer, songwriter, producer, dancer, and actor
• 1998 – Trent Alexander-Arnold, English football player

Deaths

• 336 – Mark, pope (b. ?) from January 18, 336 to October 7, 336
• 858 – Montoku, 55th Emperor of Japan (b. 826)
• 1130 – Âmir, Fatimid caliph (b. 1096)
• 1242 – Juntoku, 84th emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1197)
• 1571 – Muezzinzade Ali Pasha, Ottoman sailor and Admiral Admiral
• 1620 – Stanisław Żółkiewski, Polish nobleman (b. 1547)
• 1796 – Thomas Reid, Scottish philosopher, 1710-1796 (b. 1710)
• 1849 – Edgar Allan Poe, American author and poet (b. 1809)
• 1894 – Oliver Wendell Holmes, American author (b. 1809)
• 1896 – John Langdon Down, English physician (b. 1828)
• 1896 – Louis-Jules Trochu, French military leader and politician (b. 1815)
• 1911 – John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (b. 1835)
• 1919 – Alfred Deakin, Australian politician (b. 1856)
• 1925 – Christy Mathewson, American baseball player (b. 1880)
• 1926 – Emil Kraepelin, German psychiatrist (b. 1856)
• 1935 – George Ramsay, Scottish football player and manager (b. 1855)
• 1939 – Harvey Williams Cushing, American neurosurgeon (b. 1869)
• 1944 – Helmut Lent, German soldier and Ace Pilot of the Luftwaffe (known as night fighter) in Nazi Germany (b. 1918)
• 1951 – Anton Philips, Dutch businessman and founder of Philips Electronics (b. 1874)
• 1959 – Mario Lanza, American tenor (b. 1921)
• 1964 – Safiye Erol, Turkish writer (b. 1902)
• 1967 – Norman Angell, English economist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1873)
• 1980 – Mustafa Pehlivanoğlu, Turkish idealist (first idealist executed after the 12 September Coup) (b. 1958)
• 1980 – Necdet Adalı, Turkish communist (first communist executed after the 12 September Coup) (b.1958)
• 1983 – George Ogden Abell, UCLA astronomer Research astronomer, lecturer (b. 1927)
• 1985 – Cemal Reşit Rey, Turkish composer, pianist and opera conductor (b. 1904)
• 1992 – Tevfik Esench, last person to speak Ubykh, one of the Abkhaz-Adyg languages ​​(b. 1904)
• 1993 – Wolfgang Paul, German physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1913)
• 1994 – Niels Kaj Jerne, Danish immunologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1911)
• 2001 – Roger Gaudry, Canadian scientist (b. 1913)
• 2003 – Aysel Tanju, Turkish film actress (b. 1939)
• 2004 – İsmet Ay, Turkish theater and film actor (b. 1924)
• 2006 – Anna Politkovskaya, Russian journalist (b. 1958)
• 2010 – Milka Planinc, Yugoslav politician from Croatia (b. 1924)
• 2011 – Ramiz Alia, President of Albania (b. 1925)
• 2011 – George Baker, English actor (b. 1931)
• 2013 – Patrice Chéreau, French film director and screenwriter (b. 1944)
• 2013 – Yuri Churbanov, Soviet politician (b. 1936)
• 2013 – Ovadia Yosef, Israeli rabbi, politician (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Siegfried Lenz, German writer (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Dominique Dropsy, French former football player (b. 1951)
• 2015 – Harry Gallatin, American professional basketball player (b. 1927)
• 2015 – Elena Lucena, Argentine actress (b. 1914)
• 2015 – Sennur Sezer, Turkish poet and writer (b. 1943)
• 2015 – Gail Zappa, wife of American businessman and singer Frank Zappa (b. 1945)
• 2015 – Jurelang Zedkaia, former Marshall Islands president and politician (b. 1950)
• 2016 – Ludmila Ivanova, Russian actress (b. 1933)
• 2016 – Martha Roth, Italian-born Mexican actress (b. 1932)
• 2016 – Rebecca Wilson, Australian journalist, radio and TV presenter (b. 1961)
• 2017 – Vyacheslav Ivanov, Russian linguist (b. 1929)
• 2017 – Washington SyCip, Chinese-Filipino-American accountant and executive (b. 1921)
• 2018 – René Bouin, French politician (b. 1937)
• 2018 – Peggy McCay, American actress and Emmy award winner (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Gibba, Italian animator (b. 1924)
• 2018 – Oleg Pavlov, Russian novelist and short story writer (b. 1970)
• 2018 – Celeste Yarnall, American actress (b. 1944)
• 2019 – Beppe Bigazzi, Italian executive, journalist, television presenter and author (b. 1933)
• 2020 – Mario Molina, Mexican chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1943)