For the 99th anniversary of the Republic of Turkey, search engine giant Google has prepared a special Doodle. While those who saw the doodle on the search engine were looking for answers to the questions such as 29 October Republic Day, what is its meaning and importance, Google had previously used many special days related to our country as Doodle.
The fire, which continued with the epic of the War of Independence, turned into a torch that would never go out on 29 October 1923. For 99 years, the Republic of Turkey continues to walk on the path paved by the great leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his comrades. However, the 99th anniversary of the Republic of Turkey was featured as a doodle on the Google homepage of the search engine. Search engine giant Google has prepared a special Doodle for October 29 Republic Day.
Republic Day
Republic Daycommemorates the Turkish Grand National Assembly's declaration of the Republic administration on 29 October 1923, in Turkey and Northern Cyprus every year on 29 October. It is a celebrated national holiday. With a law enacted in 1925, it started to be celebrated as a national (national) holiday.
In Turkey and Northern Cyprus, which are the countries where Republic Day is celebrated, 28 October is a one-and-a-half-day public holiday, in the afternoon and 29 October is a full day. On October 29, festivities are held in the stadiums, and traditionally, lantern processions are held in the evening.
The founder of the Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, in his Tenth Year Speech on 29 October 1933, when the tenth anniversary of the republic was celebrated, described this day as the “biggest holiday”.
The proclamation of the republic
The Ottoman Empire was ruled by an absolute monarchy until 1876, and by a constitutional monarchy between 1876-1878 and 1908-1918. The National Struggle, led by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, against the invaders in Anatolia, which was occupied after the defeat in the First World War, resulted in the victory of the national forces in October 1922. In this process, the representatives of the people, who gathered in Ankara on April 23, 1920 under the name of the "Grand National Assembly", accepted the law called Teşkilat-ı Esasiye Kanunu on January 20, 1921, declaring that the sovereignty belonged to the Turkish nation, and with the decision taken on November 1, 1922. had abolished the reign. The country was governed by a parliamentary government.
Upon the resignation of the Executive Committee on October 27, 1923 and the failure to establish a new cabinet that would gain the trust of the assembly, Mustafa Kemal Pasha prepared a law amendment draft together with İsmet İnönü to make the government a republic, and presented it to the Parliament on October 29, 1923. With the adoption of the amendments made in the Teşkilat-ı Esasiye Law, the Republic was proclaimed by the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
The proclamation of the Republic was announced in Ankara with 101 guns, and it was celebrated on the night of October 29 and October 30, 1923 in a festive mood all over the country, especially in Ankara.
Celebration of holidays
At the time of the declaration of the Republic, the 29th of October was not declared a holiday, and no arrangements were made regarding the celebrations; The public organized the festivities on the night of 29 October and on the 30th of October. The following year, with the decree numbered 26 dated October 1924, 986, it was decided to celebrate the proclamation of the Republic with 101 balls and a special program to be planned. The celebrations held in 1924 marked the beginning of the celebrations for the proclamation of the Republic to be held later.
On February 2, 1925, in a law proposal prepared by the Foreign Ministry (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), it was suggested that October 29 be a holiday. This proposal was examined by the Parliamentary Constitutional Commission and decided on 18 April. On 19 April, the proposal was accepted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Celebrating the Republic Day as a national holiday on 29 October became an official provision with the “Law on the Addition of the 29th Anniversary Day to the National Day of the Proclamation of the Republic”. The day the Republic was proclaimed began to be celebrated as an official holiday in the country and in foreign embassies since 1925.
The government made a new regulation on national holidays on May 27, 1935, and redefined the holidays celebrated in the country and their contents. Freedom Feast, which was the day of the proclamation of the Constitutional Monarchy, and Domination Feast, which was the day of the abolition of the Sultanate, were removed from among the national holidays and their celebrations were ended. The 29th of October, when the Republic was proclaimed, was declared a "national holiday" and it was decided to hold a ceremony on behalf of the state only on that day.
Celebrations
In the first years of the Republic, it was emphasized that the young Republic of Turkey was born from the wreckage of a destroyed state during the Republic Day celebrations. In these early days, celebrations were in the form of daily ceremonies. On the same day, the ceremonies would start with the official acceptance in the morning, then an official parade would be held in front of the state officials, and the program would be completed in three parts, with a lantern procession in the evening. In addition, "Republican Balls" were held on the evenings of the feast, with the participation of the city's administrators and notables. This structure of ceremonies continued until 1933.
The tenth anniversary celebrations, which took place in 1933, have a special place and importance in the Republic Day celebrations. The desire to show the public and the entire outside world the reforms and economic development carried out by the Republic, which was founded in 1923, in a short period of ten years, caused the Republic Day celebrations to be given a different meaning. In the tenth year, the celebrations were organized in a much wider way than the previous holiday celebrations. For the preparations, the “Tenth Anniversary Celebration Law of the Proclamation of the Republic” numbered 11, which was discussed in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 1933 June 12 and consisted of 2305 articles, was accepted. With this law, it was decided that the 10th anniversary celebrations would last three days and these days would be public holidays.
All over the country, the places where the 10th anniversary celebration ceremonies were held were named "Cumhuriyet Square" and naming ceremonies were held. During the naming ceremonies, modest monuments called "Republic Monument" or "Republic Stone" were built as a souvenir. Celebrations were very colorful. Mustafa Kemal read the Tenth Year Speech in Ankara Cumhuriyet Square. The Tenth Anniversary March was composed and the anthem was sung everywhere. The Republic Day celebrations held from 1934 to 1945 were based on the Republic Day celebrations held in 1933, except for some changes.
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