Today in History: Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela Form OPEC

September 14 is the 257th (258th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 108.

Railways

• 14 September 1908 Anatolia and Orient Railway workers went on strike. Workers requested to have their working hours reduced from 10,5 to 8,5 hours. The company agreed to give 20 hike and a half salary bonus to the salaried employee.

Events

• 1812 - Emperor Napoleon of France entered Moscow, where a great fire raged at the head of his armies.
• 1829 – The Treaty of Edirne was signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire.
• 1867 – Written by Karl Marx Capital'The first volume has been published.
• 1901 - US President William McKinley dies and is succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt. McKinley was shot as a result of the assassination by the Polish Leon Czolgosz while opening a fair in New York on September 6, 1901.
• 1908 – Ottoman Ahrar Party was founded.
• 1919 – in Sivas National Will newspaper was published.
• 1922 – Bergama district of Izmir was liberated from enemy occupation.
• 1923 – In accordance with the Treaty of Lausanne, Karaağaç Train Station in Edirne was received from the Greeks.
• 1930 - Last Post The Editor-in-Chief of the daily newspaper, Selim Ragıp Emeç, was arrested.
• 1933 - Turkey and Greece signed the Friendship Treaty.
• 1936 – The Ministry of National Education of the Republic of Turkey accepted the "Alphabet" book to be taught in primary schools. Alphabet'by Murat Özgün and İlhan Gökçe.
• 1944 – The law on the establishment and expansion of radio stations was passed.
• 1954 – France awarded Professor Tevfik Remzi Kazancıgil with the Légion d'honneur.
• 1956 - Akis The magazine was collected.
• 1960 - Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela founded OPEC.
• 1963 – Former Democratic Party Deputy Zeki Erataman, sentenced to life in prison, escaped from the hospital where he was treated. Later, it was announced that Erataman had taken refuge in Greece.
• 1969 – In the Balkan Boxing Championship, Seyfi Tatar and Celal Sandal became champions.
• 1970 - Palestinian guerrillas take control of Irbid, Jordan's second largest city.
• 1971 – Süleyman Ege, owner of Bilim ve Sosyalizm Publishing, was sentenced to 7,5 years in prison because of Lenin's book “State and Revolution”.
• 1972 – Aşık Mahsuni was tried for allegedly insulting the Prime Minister.
• 1974 – Film actor and director Yılmaz Güney murdered Sefa Mutlu, the judge of the Yumurtalık district of Adana.
• 1980 – Alparslan Türkeş, Chairman of the Nationalist Movement Party, surrendered and was sent to Uzunada.
• 1980 – The leaders of the Revolutionary Workers' Unions Confederation (DİSK) and the Nationalist Confederation of Workers' Unions (MİSK) were demanded by the Martial Law Commands to surrender.
• 1980 – In Adana, the left-wing militant Serdar Soyergin killed the left-wing Erdoğan Polat because of his faction split. While trying to escape, the tank clashed with the security forces, including Captain Bülent Angın, and Captain Angın was killed.
• 1980 – Uğur Mumcu, about the September 12 Coup in his column in Cumhuriyet newspaper, “The state ceases to be a state; If the parliament does not elect the president, who must be elected within fifteen days, and the country turns into a bloody arena of a veiled civil war, what could be natural for the Armed Forces to take over the government? Wrote.
• 1994 - Akşam newspaper started its publication life again under the management of Mehmet Ali Ilıcak.
• 1997 – 10 soldiers lost their lives as a result of the crash of a military helicopter stuck on the tension line in Van.
• 1999 – YÖK Rectors Committee took a joint decision banning the headscarf in university campuses, indoor or outdoor areas. A head covering was also banned in the photo on the identity card, classrooms, laboratories, social facilities and sports areas.
• 2018 – Construction workers started to strike due to poor working conditions during the construction phase of Istanbul New Airport.

Births

• 208 – Diadumenianus, son of Roman Emperor Macrinus (d. 218)
• 786 – Mamun, Abbasid Caliph (d. 833)
• 1769 – Alexander von Humboldt, Prussian naturalist and explorer (d. 1859)
• 1791 – Franz Bopp, German linguist (b. 1867)
• 1804 – John Gould, English ornithologist and bird painter (d. 1881)
• 1837 – Nikolai Vasilievich Bugaev, Russian mathematician (d. 1903)
• 1843 – Lola Rodríguez de Tió, Puerto Rican poet (d. 1924)
• 1849 – Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1936)
• 1864 – Robert Cecil, English politician and diplomat (d. 1948)
• 1870 – Cevat Çobanlı, Turkish soldier and politician (d. 1938)
• 1883 – Margaret Sanger, American birth control advocate and activist (d. 1966)
• 1898 – Hal B. Wallis, American filmmaker (d. 1986)
• 1910 – Jack Hawkins, English actor (d. 1973)
• 1913 – Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán was president of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954 (d. 1971)
• 1920 – Lawrence Klein, American economist (d. 2013)
• 1922 – Şükrü Gülesin, Turkish national football player, coach and sports writer (d. 1977)
• 1923 – Semahat Geldiay, Turkish zoologist (d. 2002)
• 1926
  • Michel Butor, French writer (d. 2016)
  • I. Duchess Carmen Franco, Spanish noble and duchess (d. 2017)
• 1928 – Alberto Korda, Cuban photographer (d. 2001)
• 1933 – Zoe Caldwell, Australian veteran actress (d. 2020)
• 1934 – Kate Millett, American feminist writer (d. 2017)
• 1935 – Sarah Kofman, French philosopher (d. 1994)
• 1936 – Ferid Murad, Albanian-born American physician and pharmacologist
• 1937 – Renzo Piano, Italian architect
• 1938 – Tiziano Terzani, Italian journalist and author (d. 2004)
• 1944 – Günter Netzer, German former national football player and coach
• 1947 – Sam Neill, Irish actor
• 1949
  • Ed King, American rock musician and songwriter (d. 2018)
  • Tommy Seebach, Danish singer (d. 2003)
• 1951
  • Volodymyr Melnikov, Ukrainian poet, prose writer, composer, scientist, Honored Artist of Ukraine
  • Yuri Sauh, Soviet-Russian football player and manager (d. 2021)
• 1955 – Geraldine Brooks, Australian-American journalist and author
• 1956
  • Kostas Karamanlis, Greek politician
  • Ray Wilkins, English international football player and manager (d. 2018)
• 1960 – Melissa Leo, American actress
• 1964 – Faith Ford, American television and film actress
• 1965
  • Dmitry Medvedev, Russian politician
  • Hülya Gülşen Irmak, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actress
• 1967 – Jens Lien, Norwegian film director
• 1971
  • İclal Aydın, Turkish actor, writer and poet
  • Jeff Loomis, American musician
  • Andre Matos, Brazilian singer, musician and composer (d. 2019)
• 1973
  • Andrew Lincoln, English actor
  • Vincent Cespedes, French philosopher and writer
  • Nas, American rapper and actor
• 1974
  • Hisham El Geruc, Moroccan national athlete and former middle distance runner
  • Sunday Oliseh, Nigerian international football player and manager
• 1975 – Gökhan Mumcu, Turkish actor
• 1977 – Alex de Souza, Brazilian football player
• 1978
  • Carmen Kass, Estonian model and former political candidate
  • Arda Öziri, Turkish TV series and film actor (d. 2018)
• 1979 – Ivica Olić, Croatian former football player
• 1981 – Sandro Stallbaum, German football player
• 1982 – SoShy, French singer-songwriter
• 1983
  • Arash Burhani, Iranian national football player
  • Amy Jade Winehouse, English singer and songwriter (d. 2011)
• 1985 – Aya Ueto, Japanese singer and actress
• 1986
  • Steven Naismith, Scottish international football player
  • Barış Özbek, German-born Turkish football player
• 1988 – Diogo Salomao, Portuguese football player
• 1989
  • Jacqueline Byers, Canadian actress
  • Jimmy Butler, American basketball player
  • Jessica Brown Findlay, English actress
  • Lee Jong-suk, South Korean model and actor
• 1990
  • Douglas Costa, Brazilian football player
  • Petar Filipovic, Serbian football player
• 1991 – Nana, South Korean singer and actress
• 1992 – Zico, South Korean rapper, producer, singer and songwriter
• 1993 – Takaharu Nishino, Japanese football player
• 1994
  • Brahim Darri, Dutch football player
  • Foxy Di, American erotic model
  • Gary Harris, American professional basketball player
  • Hailey Anne Nelson, American actress
  • Daniel O'Shaughnessy, Finnish football player
  • Fahed al-Muvelled, Saudi football player
  • Leo Dubois, French football player
• 1995 – Pape Abou Cisse, Senegalese football player
• 1997 – Benjamin Ingrosso, Swedish singer-songwriter

Deaths

• 23 – Julius Caesar Drusus, only son of Emperor Tiberius (by poisoning) (b. 13 BC)
• 258 – Siprianus of Carthage, – Bishop of Carthage – Father of the Church (b. 200)
• 407 – John Chrysostomos / John with the Golden Mouth, Father of the Church (b. 349)
• 585 – Bidatsu, 30th emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 538)
• 775 – Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor (b. 718)
• 786 – Hadi, Abbasid Caliph (b. 764)
• 891 – Stephanus V, pope from 885 to 891
• 1146 – İmadeddin Zengi, Atabey of Mosul and Aleppo of the Great Seljuks and founder of the Zengi Dynasty (b. 1085)
• 1164 – Sutoku, 75th emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1119)
• 1321 – Dante Alighieri, Italian poet and politician (b. 1265)
• 1487 – Mara Hatun, daughter of Serbian despot Đurađ Branković, Ottoman Sultan II. Murad's wife (b. 1416)
• 1523 – VI. Hadrian, Dutch Pope (b. 1429)
• 1712 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian mathematician and astronomer (b. 1625)
• 1821 – Heinrich Kuhl, German naturalist and zoologist (b. 1797)
• 1851 – James Fenimore Cooper, American author (b. 1789)
• 1852 – Arthur Wellesley, British soldier and statesman (b. 1769)
• 1901 – William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (b. 1843)
• 1916 – José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, Spanish writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1832)
• 1926 – Rudolf Christoph Eucken, German philosopher, author, and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1846)
• 1926 – John Louis Emil Dreyer, Danish-Irish astronomer (b. 1852)
• 1927 – Isadora Duncan, American dancer (b. 1877)
• 1927 – Hugo Ball, German writer and poet (b. 1886)
• 1936 – Irving Thalberg, American filmmaker (b. 1899)
• 1937 – Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, founder and first President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1850)
• 1959 – Wayne Morris, American actor (b. 1914)
• 1966 – Gertrude Berg, American actress, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1899)
• 1966 – Cemal Gürsel, Turkish soldier and 4th President of Turkey (b. 1895)
• 1979 – Nur Muhammed Terakki, Afghan politician of Pashtun descent (b. 1913)
• 1982 – Bashir Gemayel, President of Lebanon (bomb attack) (b. 1947)
• 1982 – Grace Kelly, American actress, Princess of Monaco, and Academy Award winner for Best Actress (b. 1929)
• 1984 – Richard Brautigan, American author (b. 1935)
• 1984 – Janet Gaynor, American actress (b. 1906)
• 1991 – Julie Bovasso, American actress (b. 1930)
• 1998 – Yang Shangkun, Chinese politician who served as the 1988th President of China from 1993-4 (b. 1907)
• 1999 – Charles Crichton, English film director (b. 1910)
• 2001 – Stelio Kazancidis, Greek singer (b. 1931)
• 2005 – Robert Wise, American film director and producer (b. 1914)
• 2009 – Patrick Swayze, American actor, dancer, and songwriter (b. 1952)
• 2010 – Mohammed Arkoun, Algerian modernist Islamic thinker of Berber descent (b. 1928)
• 2011 – Rudolf Mössbauer, German physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Winston Rekert, Canadian actor (b. 1949)
• 2014 – Angus Lennie, Scottish actor (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Corneliu Vadim Tudor, Romanian far-right politician, writer, journalist and poet (b. 1949)
• 2016 – Eduard Gusev, Russian racing cyclist (b. 1936)
• 2016 – Kim McGuire, American actress and stuntman (b. 1955)
• 2017 – Marcel Herriot, French bishop (b. 1934)
• 2017 – Djibo Leyti Kâ, Senegalese socialist politician and former minister (b. 1948)
• 2017 – Otto Wanz, Austrian former heavyweight boxer and professional wrestler (b. 1943)
• 2018 – Alan Abel, American comedian, producer, and writer (b. 1924)
• 2018 – Anneke Gronloh, Dutch singer (b. 1942)
• 2018 – Said Kengerani, Iranian actor (b. 1954)
• 2018 – Zienia Merton, English actress (b. 1945)
• 2018 – Sacit Seldüz, Turkish basketball player, volleyball player and coach (b. 1924)
• 2019 – Jean Heywood, English actor (b. 1921)
• 2020 – Sei Ashina, Japanese actress (b. 1983)
• 2020 – Sadek Bachchu, Bangladeshi film actor (b. 1955)
• 2020 – Fer, Spanish comics artist and writer (b. 1949)

Holidays and special occasions

• Engineers Day (Romania)