Today in History: Vietnam War, Ho Chi Minh in Power

August 19 is the 231th (232th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 134.

Railways

• 19 August 1924 The building, which is located between Ankara Station and the 2nd Management Directorate, was built as Ankara Hotel. However, it was used as the General Directorate of TCDD, the 1924nd Regional Directorate and the Accounting Directorate between 64 and 2, without any use as a hotel. In 1964-65, TCDD was opened as a High Collected Student Dormitory and served until July 2, 1979. Between 1980 and 88, TCDD Education Department has been used as TCDD Museum and Art Gallery since 1989.

Events

• 1630 – Evliya Çelebi began his fifty-year travels.
• 1692 - A woman and four men are executed for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts.
• 1787 – Declaration of the Russo-Turkish War.
• 1821 – Navarino Massacre: During the Peloponnese Revolt, the Greeks, who captured the city of Navarino, killed 3000 Turks.
• 1878 – Occupation of Sarajevo by the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
• 1895 - James Ryan sets a world record in the high jump by 1.94 m.
• 1919 - Afghanistan gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1934 – Adolf Hitler received 89.9% of the 'yes' votes in the Presidential Referendum held in Germany.
• 1943 - Roosevelt and Churchill sign the Quebec Agreement during the Quebec Conference.
• 1945 – Vietnam War: Ho Chi Minh is in power.
• 1953 – Operation Ajax: The Government of Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh in Iran is overthrown, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who left his country before, returns again.
• 1955 - Hurricane Diane claimed 200 lives in the northeastern United States.
• 1960 – Soviet Union; He succeeded in putting Sputnik-5, carrying two dogs, forty mice, two rats, and various plants, into lunar orbit.
• 1960 – U-2 Crisis: Francis Gary Powers, the American pilot of the drone U-2, which was shot down over the Soviet Union, is sentenced to 10 years in prison.
• 1980 – A passenger plane belonging to Saudi Arabian Airlines burned down after making an emergency landing at Riyadh Airport: 301 people died.
• 1981 - US warplanes shoot down two Libyan warplanes over the Gulf of Sidra.
• 1987 – In the United Kingdom, a person named Michael Ryan committed suicide after killing 16 people with a rifle.
• 1990 – Gagauz; They declared the Republic of Gagauzia in the south of Comrat, where Gagauz people live the most. This decision was annulled by the Supreme Soviet of Moldova.
• 1991 – In Russia, pro-communist KGB and Army generals attempted a coup.
• 1991 – The disintegration of the USSR: President Mikhail Gorbachev is on probation at home.
• 1999 – Tens of thousands of Serbs demonstrated in Belgrade demanding the resignation of President Slobodan Milošević.
• 2002 – A Russian Mil Mi-26 helicopter carrying troops was shot down by Chechen Troops near Grozny; 118 soldiers died.

Births

• 232 – Probus, Roman emperor between 276 and 282 (d. 282)
• 1631 – John Dryden, English poet, critic, translator, and playwright (d.
• 1646 – John Flamsteed, English astronomer (d. 1719)
• 1689 – Samuel Richardson, English writer and printer (d. 1761)
• 1743 - Madame du Barry, King XV. Louis' last mistress and one of the victims of the Era of Terror during the French Revolution (d. 1793)
• 1777 – Francis I, king of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830 and member of the Spanish royal family (d. 1830)
• 1819 – Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt, Conservative Dutch politician (d. 1894)
• 1830 Julius Lothar Meyer, German chemist (d. 1895)
• 1848 – Gustave Caillebotte, French painter (d. 1894)
• 1870 – Bernard Baruch, American financier, stock market speculator, statesman, and political consultant (d. 1965)
• 1871 Orville Wright, American pioneer aviator (d. 1948)
• 1878 – Manuel L. Quezon, leader of the Philippine independence movement and first president of the Philippines (d. 1944)
• 1881 – George Enescu, Romanian classical composer (d. 1955)
• 1883 – Coco Chanel, French fashion designer and founder of the Chanel brand (d. 1971)
• 1900 – Gilbert Ryle, contemporary English philosopher (b. 1976)
• 1903 – James Gould Cozzens, American author (d. 1978)
• 1906 Philo Farnsworth, American inventor (d. 1971)
• 1916 – Orhan Hançerlioğlu, Turkish writer and researcher (d. 1991)
• 1921 – Gene Roddenberry, American author and screenwriter (d. 1991)
• 1923 – Joan Taylor, American actress (d. 2012)
• 1924 – Willard Boyle, Canadian Physicist (d. 2011)
• 1926 – Angus Scrimm, American actor and writer (d. 2016)
• 1929 – George Miller, Scottish cricketer (d. 2017)
• 1930 – Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (d. 2009)
• 1937 – Richard Møller Nielsen, Danish football player and manager (d. 2014)
• 1940 – Johnny Nash, American reggae and soul musician (d. 2020)
• 1942 – Jorgelina Aranda, Argentine actress, model and singer (d. 2015)
• 1942 – Fred Thompson, American politician, lawyer, and actor (d. 2015)
• 1944 – Jack Canfield, American motivational speaker and author
• 1944 – Bodil Malmsten, Swedish novelist and poet (d. 2016)
• 1945 – Ian Gillan, English musician
• 1946 - Charles Bolden, Former NASA administrator
• 1946 – Bill Clinton, American politician and two-term President of the United States
• 1946 – Fedon, Turkish singer of Greek origin
• 1948 – Christy O'Connor Jnr, Irish golfer (d. 2016)
• 1951 – John Deacon, English bass guitarist (Queen)
• 1951 – Gustavo Santaolalla, Argentine musician, soundtrack composer and producer
• 1952 – Jonathan Frakes, American actor and director
• 1957 – Martin Donovan, American actor
• 1957 – Cesare Prandelli, Italian coach
• 1959 – Derya Alabora, Turkish actress
• 1963 – John Stamos, American actor and musician
• 1965 – Kyra Sedgwick, American actress
• 1967 – Satya Nadella, Indian-American business executive (Chief Executive Officer of Microsoft)
• 1968 – Merve Kavakçı, Turkish academic, politician and diplomat
• 1969 – Nate Dogg, Grammy-nominated American R&B/hip hop singer (d. 2011)
• 1969 – Matthew Perry, Canadian-American actor
• 1970 – Fat Joe, American rapper
• 1971 – Mary Joe Fernandez, American professional tennis player
• 1971 – João Vieira Pinto, Portuguese national football player
• 1972 – Osamu Adachi, Japanese football player
• 1972 – Roberto Abbondanzieri, Argentine national goalkeeper
• 1973 – Marco Materazzi, Italian former football player
• 1977 – Michal Doležal, Czech football player
• 1979 – Tuğba Karaca, Turkish model, television presenter and film actress
• 1980 – İsmail Altunsaray, Turkish instrumental and vocal artist
• 1984 – Alessandro Matri, Italian national football player
• 1984 – Ryan Taylor, English football player
• 1986 – Saori Kimura, Japanese volleyball player
• 1986 – Christina Perri, American singer-songwriter
• 1987 – Nico Hülkenberg, Racing driver
• 1989 – Lil' Romeo, American singer rapper
• 1991 – Ali Ahamada, Comorian football player
• 1994 – Fernando Gaviria, Colombian professional road and track racing cyclist
• 1994 – Alexis Raynaud, French shooter
• 1994 – Mert Hakan Yandaş, Turkish football player

Deaths

• 14 – Caesar Divi Filius Augustus, Roman emperor (b. 63 BC)
• 947 – Abu Yazid Makhlâd Keydâd en-Nukkarî, against the Fatimids, held in 928 in Ifrîkiya, which is within the borders of present-day Tunisia. Nukkari-Ibazi leader of the rebellion (b. 883)
• 1493 – III. Frederick, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1415)
• 1506 – Alexander Jagiellon, grand duke of Lithuania and later king of Poland (b. 1461)
• 1580 – Andrea Palladio, Italian architect (b. 1508)
• 1662 – Blaise Pascal, French mathematician (b. 1623)
• 1691 – Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1689)
• 1819 – James Watt, Scottish inventor and engineer (who helped start the industrial revolution by developing the steam engine) (b. 1736)
• 1876 ​​– George Smith, British Assyriologist and archaeologist (b. 1840)
• 1887 – Vincenz Franz Kosteletzky, Bohemian herbalist and physician (b. 1801)
• 1889 – Mathias Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French writer (b. 1838)
• 1905 – William-Adolphe Bouguereau, French painter (b. 1825)
• 1915 – Tevfik Fikret, Turkish poet (b. 1867)
• 1923 – Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist and sociologist (b. 1848)
• 1928 – Stefanos Skuludis, Greek banker, diplomat and politician (b. 1833)
• 1932 – Louis Anquetin, French painter (b. 1861)
• 1936 – Federico García Lorca, Spanish writer (b. 1898)
• 1944 – Günther von Kluge, German soldier and Generalfeldmarschall of Nazi Germany (b. 1882)
• 1954 – Alcide De Gasperi, Italian statesman, politician, and Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1881)
• 1959 – Jacob Epstein, American-British sculptor (b. 1880)
• 1967 – Hugo Gernsback, Luxembourg-American inventor, author, and magazine publisher (b. 1884)
• 1968 – George Gamow, Ukrainian-American physicist and cosmologist (b. 1904)
• 1977 – Groucho Marx, American actor and comedian (Marx Brothers) (b. 1890)
• 1986 – Hermoine Baddeley, English character actor (b. 1906)
• 1988 – Ariadna Chasovnikova, Kazakh Soviet politician (Vice Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic) (b. 1918)
• 1993 – Donald Kerst, American physicist and academic (b. 1911)
• 1994 – Linus Pauling, American chemist and Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry and Peace (b. 1901)
• 2002 – Eduardo Chillida, Basque sculptor and painter (b. 1924)
• 2002 – Halil Tunç, Turkish senator and one of the Presidents of Türk-İş (b. 1928)
• 2008 – Levy Mwanawasa, politician who served as President of Zambia from 2002 to 2008 (b. 1948)
• 2010 – Mehmet Yüceler, Turkish politician (b. 1923)
• 2011 – Raúl Ruiz, Spanish-Chilean film director and screenwriter (b. 1941)
• 2011 – Beki Luiza Bahar, Turkish writer of Jewish descent (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Tony Scott, British film director (b. 1944)
• 2013 – Reha Eken, Turkish former national football player and coach (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Donna Hightower, American R&B, jazz singer and songwriter (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Abdulrahim Hatif, Afghan politician (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Stephenie McMillan, English decorator and art director (b. 1942)
• 2013 – Lee Thompson Young, American actor (b. 1984)
• 2014 – Simin Behbehani, Iranian activist, poet (b. 1927)
• 2014 – James Foley, American photojournalist and journalist (b. 1973)
• 2015 – Doudou N'diaye Rose, Senegalese musician and composer (b. 1930)
• 2016 – Lou Pearlman, manager of the successful 1990s boybands Backstreet Boys and 'N Sync (b. 1954)
• 2017 – Pyotr Deynekin, Russian military general (b. 1934)
• 2017 – Dick Gregory, American comedian, human rights activist, social critic, author, and entrepreneur (b. 1932)
• 2017 – Concha Valdés Miranda, Cuban songwriter, composer, and Cuban Folk singer (b. 1928)
• 2018 – Khaira Arby, Malian singer and songwriter (b. 1959)
• 2018 – Bazlur Rahman Badal, Bangladeshi dancer (b. 1921)
• 2018 – Rafael Calventi, Dominican architect, academic and diplomat (b. 1932)
• 2018 – Margareta Niculescu, Romanian artist, puppeteer, teacher and theater director (b. 1926)
• 2018 – Güngör Uras, Turkish economist and journalist (b. 1933)
• 2019 – Ahmet Halûk Dursun, Turkish academic and bureaucrat (b. 1957)
• 2019 – Gina López, Filipino environmentalist, politician, and philanthropist (b. 1953)
• 2020 – Allan Fotheringham, Canadian journalist, reporter, columnist, and television host (b. 1932)
• 2020 – Slade Gorton, American politician and lawyer (b. 1928)
• 2020 – Agnes Simon, Hungarian former professional table tennis player (b. 1935)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Humanitarian Day
• Afghan Independence Day