Today in History: Archbishop III. Makarios Died of Heart Attack

August 3 is the 215th (216th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 150.

Railways

• 3 August 1948 With the adoption of the 23054 km highway program with the decision of the Council of Ministers, the highway has come to the fore. The railways were ignored by Marshall's aid, as it had to be developed to support the road railway.

Events

• 1071 – The Seljuk Armies under the command of Sanduk Bey forced the Byzantine Emperor Romanian Diogenes' forces to Manzikert and Ahlat to retreat, and then dispersed the Byzantine forces in the battle at Karahas.
• 1492 – Following the Spanish Inquisition, approximately 200.000 Sephardic Jews in Spain are expelled from the country by the Spanish Empire and the Catholic Church, the majority of which will be accepted by the Ottoman Empire.
• 1492 - Christopher Columbus set out from Spain with three ships to reach India and discover new continents.
• 1778 – La Scala opera house opens in Milan.
• 1869 – Great Samsun fire occurred. The area of ​​125.000 m² was primarily affected by the fire.
• 1914 - The German Empire declared war on France.
• 1914 – The United Kingdom seized 2 armored ships named “Sultan Osman I” and “Reşadiye” ordered by the Ottoman Empire. The £4 million fee that the government wanted back was not refunded.
• 1924 – Bronze 10 kuruş coins bearing the inscription of the Republic of Turkey and the first coin of Turkey were put into circulation.
• 1936 – American black athlete Jesse Owens, at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, equaled the world record by running the 100 meters in 10.3 seconds and won the gold medal. He also became famous as the athlete who kidnapped Adolf Hitler from the stadium.
• 1949 - The United Nations Security Council rejects China's request to enter the United Nations.
• 1955 – by Samuel Beckett Waiting for Godot The play was staged for the first time in London.
• 1958 – The first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus, succeeds in submerging the thick Arctic ice sheet from one end to the other.
• 1960 – 235 generals and admirals, including Chief of General Staff Gen. Ragıp Gümüşpala, were retired. Cevdet Sunay was appointed as the Chief of the General Staff.
• 1977 – Cyprus leader Archbishop III. Makarios died of a heart attack. Spiros Kyprianou was temporarily appointed as the leader of Cyprus.
• 1977 – The value of the lira is reduced by 4,5% against the Mark. Mark's purchase price was increased from 730 cents to 763 cents, and the selling price was increased to 778 cents.
• 1988 - The Soviet Union frees German pilot Mathias Rust, who landed on Red Square on a Cessna 172.
• 1995 – The 'Eastern Report' prepared by the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey was announced. The report was prepared by TOBB Presidential Advisor Prof. Dr. Doğu Ergil prepared it.
• The body of Enver Pasha, who died while fighting in Tajikistan in 1996-1922, was brought to Istanbul.
• 2002 – With the law adopted within the framework of harmonization with the EU, the death penalty was abolished, except in cases of war and imminent war threat.
• 2008 – 30 people, including 68 children, were killed in a stampede at a Hindu temple in northern India.
• 2008 – A bomb exploded in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, killing 20 people.
• 2014 – The Yazidi genocide by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant took place.

Births

• 1622 – Wolfgang Julius von Hohenlohe, German field marshal (d. 1698)
• 1766 – Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel, German botanist and physician (d. 1833)
• 1811 – Elisha Otis, American elevator manufacturer (d. 1861)
• 1903 – Habib Bourguiba, founder and first President of the Tunisian State (d. 2000)
• 1922 – Su Bai, Chinese archaeologist (d. 2018)
• 1926 – Necdet Tosun, Turkish cinema artist (d. 1975)
• 1926 – Rona Anderson, Scottish actress (d. 2013)
• 1926 - Tony Bennett, American musician
• 1940 - Martin Sheen, American actor
• 1941 – Martha Stewart, American businessman, author, and former model
• 1943 - Christina, King of Sweden XVI. Youngest of Carl Gustaf's four older sisters
• 1943 – Steven Millhauser, American novelist and short story writer
• 1946 – Cahit Berkay, Turkish musician and one of the founders of the band Mongols
• 1948 – Jean-Pierre Raffarin, French politician
• 1949 – Erato Kozaku-Markullis, Greek Cypriot diplomat, politician and academic
• 1950 – Linda Howard, American writer
• 1950 – John Landis, American film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor
• 1950 – Nejat Yavaşoğulları, Turkish musician
• 1952 – Osvaldo Ardiles, Argentinean former international football player and manager
• 1959 - Koichi Tanaka, Japanese scientist
• 1962 – Ahmet Çakar, Turkish physician, former referee and sports commentator
• 1963 – James Hetfield, American guitarist and founding member of Metallica
• 1963 – Isaiah Washington, Sierra Leonean-American actor
• 1964 – Tuana Altunbasyan, Armenian writer
• 1964 – Yasemin Yalçın, Turkish actress
• 1964 – Abhisit Vejjajiva, Democratic Party leader and 27th Prime Minister of Thailand
• 1967 – Mathieu Kassovitz, French actor
• 1968 – Tom Long, Australian actor (d. 2020)
• 1970 – Stephen Carpenter, American musician
• 1970 – Gina G., Australian singer
• 1970 – Masahiro Sakurai, Japanese video game director and designer
• 1972 – Uğur Arslan, Turkish poet, presenter and TV show producer
• 1973 – Jay Cutler, American IFBB professional bodybuilder
• 1973 - Ana Ibis Fernandez, Cuban volleyball player
• 1977 – Deniz Akkaya, Turkish model
• 1979 - Evangeline Lilly, Canadian model and actress
• 1980 – Nadia Ali, Pakistani-American vocalist and songwriter
• 1981 – Pablo Ibáñez, Spanish national football player
• 1982 – Ayşenur Taşbakan, Turkish taekwondo player
• 1982 – Yelena Soboleva, Russian athlete
• 1984 – Ryan Lochte, American swimmer
• 1988 – Sven Ulreich, German goalkeeper
• 1989 – Jules Bianchi, French Formula 1 driver (d. 2015)
• 1989 – Sam Hutchinson, English football player
• 1990 – Kang Min-kyung, South Korean singer and actor
• 1991 - Kaede Nakamura, Japanese national football player
• 1992 – Gamze Bulut, Turkish athlete
• 1992 - Karlie Kloss, American model
• 1993 – Tom Liebscher, German canoeist
• 1994 – Endogan Adil, Turkish-Swiss football player

Deaths

• 1001 – Tâi, the twenty-fourth of the Abbasid Caliphs (b. 932)
• 1460 – II. James, king of Scots from 1437, son of James I and Joan Beaufort (b. 1430)
• 1780 – Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, French philosopher (b. 1715)
• 1792 – Richard Arkwright, English industrialist (b. 1732)
• 1806 – Michel Adanson, French botanist and naturalist (b. 1727)
• 1857 – Eugène Sue, French writer (b. 1804)
• 1913 – Josephine Cochrane, American inventor (b. 1839)
• 1917 – Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, German mathematician (b. 1849)
• 1922 – Howard Crosby Butler, American archaeologist (b. 1872)
• 1924 – Joseph Conrad, Polish writer (b. 1857)
• 1927 – Edward Bradford Titchener, English psychologist (b. 1867)
• 1929 – Emile Berliner, German-American inventor (b. 1851)
• 1929 – Thorstein Veblen, American economist, sociologist, and academic (b. 1857)
• 1936 – Fulgence Bienvenue, French civil engineer (b. 1852)
• 1942 – Richard Willstätter, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1872)
• 1954 – Colette (Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette), French writer (b. 1873)
• 1964 – Flannery O'Connor, American author (b. 1925)
• 1966 – Lenny Bruce, American comedian (b. 1925)
• 1968 – Konstantin Rokosovsky, Soviet soldier and statesman (b. 1896)
• 1977 – III. Makarios, Archbishop of the Cypriot Orthodox Church and first President of the independent Republic of Cyprus (b. 1913)
• 1979 – Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
• 1995 – Ida Lupino, British-born American actress and director (b. 1918)
• 2004 – Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer (b. 1908)
• 2004 – Sulhi Dönmezer, Turkish lawyer and academic (b. 1918)
• 2005 – Mete Sezer, Turkish theater artist (b. 1935)
• 2006 – Cem Şaşmaz, Turkish journalist (b. 1953)
• 2006 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German opera singer (b. 1915)
• 2007 – İsmail Sivri, Turkish journalist and Honorary President of Izmir Journalists Association (b. 1927)
• 2008 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
• 2010 – Tom Mankiewicz, American screenwriter and director (b. 1942)
• 2011 – Annette Charles, American actress (b. 1948)
• 2011 – Bubba Smith, American actress (b. 1945)
• 2012 – Martin Fleischmann, British scientist (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Yuriy Brezhnev, son of Leonid Brezhnev, general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (b. 1933)
• 2015 – Coleen Gray, American actress (b. 1922)
• 2015 – Margot Loyola, Chilean folk singer, musician, and musicologist (b. 1918)
• 2016 – Chris Amon, New Zealand speedway driver (b. 1943)
• 2016 – Shakira Martin, former Jamaican model (b. 1986)
• 2017 – Richard Dudman, American journalist and columnist (b. 1918)
• 2017 – Ty Hardin, American actor (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Robert Hardy, English actor (b. 1925)
• 2017 – Dickie Hemric, American college basketball and professional basketball player (b. 1933)
• 2017 – Ángel Nieto, Spanish motorcyclist (b. 1947)
• 2017 – Çetin Şahiner, Turkish athlete (b. 1934)
• 2018 – Matija Barl, Slovenian actress, producer and translator (b. 1940)
• 2018 – Carlos Buttice, Former Argentine football player (b. 1942)
• 2018 – Ingrid Espelid Hovig, Norwegian food expert and cookbook author (b. 1924)
• 2018 – Moshé Mizrahi, Israeli film director and screenwriter (b. 1931)
• 2018 – Piotr Szulkin, Polish film director and screenwriter (b. 1950)
• 2019 – Miklós Ambrus, Former Hungarian water polo player (b. 1933)
• 2019 – Katreese Barnes, American musician, songwriter, composer, and record producer (b. 1963)
• 2019 – Nikolay Kardashev, Soviet-Russian astrophysicist and inventor (b. 1932)
• 2019 – Cengiz Sezici, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor (b. 1950)
• 2019 – Michael Troy, American former Olympic swimmer (b. 1940)
• 2020 – ATM Alamgir, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1950)
• 2020 – Dani Anwar, Indonesian politician (b. 1968)
• 2020 – Mohammad Barkatullah, Bangladeshi television producer (b. 1944)
• 2020 – Shirley Ann Grau, American author and Pulitzer Prize winner (b. 1929)
• 2020 – John Hume, Northern Irish politician and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1937)
• 2020 – Celina Kofman, Argentine human rights activist (b. 1924)
• 2021 – Hüseyin Özay Turkish Theater artist and Voiceover Artist

Holidays and special occasions

• Storm: Birthday Storm (Marmara Region)