Today in History: Erzurum Congress Has Ended

August 7 is the 219th (220th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 146.

Railways

• 7 August 1903 Thessaloniki-Monastery Railway Located at 169,5 km, Baraka was burned by Bulgarian bandits and the telegraph lines were cut.

Events

• 626 – The siege of Constantinople (Istanbul) is lifted with the help of Avars and Slavs.
• 1794 - Farmers in Pennsylvania revolt against taxes on alcoholic beverages.
• 1807 - The first steam passenger ship made its maiden voyage between Clermont, New York and Albany.
• 1819 – The 3-man army under Simón Bolívar and Francisco de Paula Santander defeats the Spanish Kingdom forces near Boyacá.
• 1919 – Erzurum Congress ended.
• 1924 – Nestorian uprising started in the Southeast Anatolian Region.
• 1936 – Yaşar Erkan became the 61 kg champion in Greco-Roman wrestling at the Berlin Olympics.
• 1942 – The war of Guadalcanal begins between the USA and Japan.
• 1955 – Sales of the first transistor radio manufactured by “Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering”, one of Sony's predecessors, started in Japan.
• 1960 - Ivory Coast declared its independence from France.
• 1964 – Turkish Air Force warplanes bombarded Greek positions in Cyprus.
• 1966 – Racist riots occur in Lansing, Michigan.
• 1970 – A judge (Harold Haley) in California was taken hostage and later killed in Court. The aim was to release George Jackson, a member of the Black Guerrilla Family organization, who was taken into custody.
• 1974 – Tightrope walker Philippe Petit demonstrates between the twin towers of the World Trade Center at an altitude of 417 m.
• 1976 – Viking 2 spacecraft docked in Mars orbit.
• 1978 – Writers Union of Turkey was founded.
• 1981 - Washington Star The newspaper ended its 128-year publication life.
• 1982 – In the attack organized by two ASALA militants at Ankara Esenboğa Airport, 8 people were killed, along with the Ankara Deputy Chief of Police, and 72 others were injured. One of the militants, Zohrab Sargsyan, was killed and Levon Ekmekçiyan was captured with a wounded.
• 1989 – The National Lottery Administration launched the 'Scratch-Win' game.
• 1990 - Upon the invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi Troops, the United States launched Operation Desert Shield. Warplanes were sent to Saudi Arabia.
• 1998 – 224 people were killed in bomb attacks on the United States' Consulates in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi.
• 1998 – 47 people died in the flood disaster in Beşköy town of Köprübaşı district of Trabzon.
• 2008 – After Georgia launched a military operation in South Ossetia, which declared its independence unilaterally; Between South Ossetia, Russia, Abkhazia and Georgia, the South Ossetian War began.

Births

• 317 – II. Constantius, Roman emperor of the Constantine dynasty (d. 361)
• 1560 – Elizabeth Báthory, Hungarian serial killer (d. 1614)
• 1813 – Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis, American reformer and feminist (one of the early pioneers of women's suffrage) (d. 1876)
• 1876 ​​– Mata Hari, Dutch spy (d. 1917)
• 1881 – François Darlan, French admiral and politician (d. 1942)
• 1903 – Ralph Bunche, American political scientist and diplomat (UN official who received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in Palestine) (d. 1971)
• 1911 – Nicholas Ray, American film director (d. 1979)
• 1932 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian marathoner (d. 1973)
• 1933 – Jerry Pournelle, American science fiction writer, essayist, novelist, and journalist (d. 2017)
• 1933 – Elinor Ostrom, American political scientist, economist, and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
• 1937 – Monika Ertl, German documentary filmmaker and director, activist and member of an armed organization (d. 1973)
• 1939 – Tuncay Gürel, Turkish actor (d. 2014)
• 1940 – Jean Luc Dehaene, 46th Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Belgium (d. 2014)
• 1941 – Gündüz Suphi Aktan, Turkish diplomat, writer and politician (d. 2008)
• 1942 – Tobin Bell, American actor
• 1942 – Sigfried Held, German football player and manager
• 1942 - Billy Joe Thomas, American singer
• 1942 – Caetano Veloso, Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, author, and political activist
• 1943 – Mohammed Badii, Chairman of the Muslim Brotherhood Guidance Council
• 1943 – Alain Corneau, French film director and writer (d. 2010)
• 1944 – Robert Mueller, FBI Director of the George W. Bush and Barack Obama Governments
• 1945 – Kenny Ireland, Scottish actor and theater director (d. 2014)
• 1946 – John C. Mather, American astrophysicist
• 1947 – Sofia Rotaru, Soviet/Russian singer, musician, dancer, and actress
• 1949 – Walid Janbolat, Lebanese politician
• 1952 – Kees Kist, Dutch national football player
• 1954 – Melek Baykal, Turkish theater and TV series artist
• 1954 – Valeriy Gazzayev, Russian coach and former football player
• 1955 – Wayne Knight, American actor, comedian, and dubbing artist
• 1956 – Uğur Polat, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor
• 1958 – Bruce Dickinson, English musician
• 1959 – Nurettin İğci, Turkish writer and screenwriter
• 1960 – David Duchovny, American actor
• 1962 – Alain Robert, French mountaineer and skyscraper climber
• 1963 - Harold Perrineau Jr., American actor
• 1966 – Jimmy Wales, American internet entrepreneur, founder of Wikipedia and Wikimedia Foundation
• 1969 – Henrik Dagård, Swedish athlete
• 1969 – Paul Lambert, Scottish former footballer and manager
• 1971 – Rachel York, American actress
• 1973 – Kevin Muscat, Australian former international footballer
• 1974 – Michael Shannon, American actor
• 1975 - Charlize Theron, South African actress
• 1975 – Koray Candemir, Turkish musician and soloist of the band MaSKott
• 1977 – Emre Buga, Turkish presenter
• 1977 – Jamey Jasta, American musician
• 1977 – Samantha Ronson, British singer-songwriter and DJ
• 1979 – Tayanç Ayaydın, Turkish cinema and TV series actor
• 1980 – Murat Eken, Turkish actor
• 1980 – Seiichiro Maki, Japanese national football player
• 1982 – Abbie Cornish, Australian film and television actress
• 1982 – Vasilis Spanulis, Greek basketball player
• 1982 – Martin Vucic, Macedonian singer
• 1983 – Murat Dalkılıç, Turkish pop singer and songwriter
• 1984 – Danny Miguel, Portuguese football player of Venezuelan descent
• 1984 – Yun Hyon-seok, South Korean poet and writer (d. 2003)
• 1984 – Stratos Perperoglou, Greek national basketball player
• 1986 – Valter Birsa, Slovenian national football player
• 1987 - Sidney Crosby, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1987 – Rouven Sattelmaier, German football player
• 1988 – Erik Pieters, Dutch national football player
• 1989 - DeMar DeRozan, American professional basketball player
• 1992 – Ariel Camacho, Mexican singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
• 1992 – Yusuf Erdogan, Turkish football player
• 1992 – Adam Yates, British road and track bike racer
• 1992 – Simon Yates, British road and track racing cyclist
• 1994 – Oğuz Mataracı, Turkish football player
• 1996 – Dani Ceballos, Spanish football player

Deaths

• 461 – Majorian (Iulius Valerius Maiorianus), Roman emperor (assassinated) (b. 420)
• 1106 – IV. Henry, King of Germany (b. 1050)
• 1580 – Lala Mustafa Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (b. ca. 1500)
• 1616 – Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (b. 1548)
• 1814 – Joseph Gottfried Mikan, Austrian-Czech botanist (b. 1743)
• 1817 – Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, French writer, economist (b. 1739)
• 1820 – Elisa Bonaparte, French princess (b. 1777)
• 1834 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French inventor (b. 1752)
• 1848 – Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Swedish chemist (b. 1779)
• 1893 – Alfredo Catalani, Italian composer (b. 1854)
• 1900 – Wilhelm Liebknecht, German politician and founder of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (b. 1826)
• 1921 – Alexander Blok, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1880)
• 1934 – Herbert Adams Gibbons, American journalist (b. 1880)
• 1938 – Konstantin Stanislavski, Russian theater actor and director (b. 1863)
• 1941 – Rabindranath Tagore, Indian writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1861)
• 1957 – Oliver Hardy, American actor (of Laurel and Hardy) (b. 1892)
• 1984 – Baha Gelenbevi, Turkish photographer, director and screenwriter (b. 1907)
• 1987 – Nobusuke Kishi, Japanese politician and Prime Minister (b. 1896)
• 2002 – Abdurrahman Odabaşı, Turkish politician (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Peter Jennings, Canadian-American journalist and TV news anchor (b. 1938)
• 2010 – Bruno Cremer, French actor (b. 1929)
• 2011 – Harri Holkeri, Finnish politician (b. 1937)
• 2011 – Nancy Wake, II. French resistance in World War II (b. 1912)
• 2012 – Murtuz Alaskerov, Doctor of Law, Professor, veteran lawyer of the Republic of Azerbaijan (b. 1928)
• 2012 – Sabahattin Kalender, Turkish composer and conductor (b. 1919)
• 2013 – Margaret Pellegrini, American actress (b. 1923)
• 2015 – Frances Oldham Kelsey, Canadian-American physician and activist (b. 1914)
• 2016 – Bryan Clauson, American speedway driver (b. 1989)
• 2016 – Sagan Lewis, American actor (b. 1953)
• 2017 – Haruo Nakajima, Japanese actress (b. 1929)
• 2017 – Patsy Ticer, American politician and bureaucrat (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Étienne Chicot, French actress and composer (b. 1949)
• 2018 – Andrew Coburn, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1932)
• 2018 – Arvonne Fraser, American women's rights activist, educator, politician, and author (b. 1925)
• 2018 – Gustavo Giagnoni, Former Italian football player and manager (b. 1932)
• 2018 – Richard H. Kline, American cinematographer (b. 1926)
• 2018 – Stan Mikita, Slovak-Canadian professional ice hockey player (b. 1940)
• 2019 – Chris Birch, American politician (b. 1950)
• 2019 – Kary Mullis, American biochemist (b. 1944)
• 2020 – Nando Angelini, Italian actor (b. 1933)
• 2020 – Bernard Bailyn, American historian, author, and professor (b. 1922)
• 2020 – Lungile Pepeta, South African pediatric cardiologist, medical researcher, university professor (b. 1974)
• 2020 – Nina Popova, Russian-American ballerina (b. 1922)
• 2020 – Stephen F. Williams, United States Senior Judge (b. 1936)