Today in History: Discovery of Planet Neptune's First Ring

August 22 is the 234th (235th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 131.

Railways

• 22 August 1951 Adapazarı Railroad Factory was opened.

Events

• 1642 – English Civil War begins.
• 1654 - Jacob Barsimson arrives in New-Amsterdam, which will become New York in the future. He was the first Jew to settle in what would be called "USA".
• 1703 – III. Ahmed, II. He ascended the throne instead of Mustafa and became the new Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1780 - British James Cook's ship returned to Great Britain.
• 1791 - First slave uprising in Haiti.
• 1812 – Discovery of the archaeological site Petra in Jordan.
• 1848 - The United States annexed (conquered) New Mexico.
• 1849 - The first military air raid in history took place. Austria sent pilotless air balloons to Venice, Italy.
• 1864 – 12 states signed the first Geneva Convention: Creation of the Red Cross.
• 1901 - Cadillac Motor Company was founded.
• 1910 - Japan annexed Korea.
• 1941 - The German Army reaches Leningrad and the siege begins.
• 1942 - Brazil declares war on Germany and Italy.
• 1952 – by Henri Charrière Butterfly to his novel and to the movie Prison facilities in French Guiana, which was the subject of the article, were completely closed.
• 1961 – Higher Education Credit and Hostels Institution was established.
• 1962 – An assassination attempt on French President Charles de Gaulle fails.
• 1962 - NS, the first nuclear-powered cargo and passenger ship Savannah made its inaugural journey.
• 1965 – Sadun Boro started his world tour with his sailboat.
• 1989 - Discovery of the first ring of the planet Neptune.

Births

• 1624 – Jean Renaud de Segrais, French writer (d. 1701)
• 1647 – Denis Papin, French physicist and explorer (d. 1713)
• 1760 – XII. Leo, 252nd Pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1829)
• 1764 – Josef Abel, Austrian painter (d. 1818)
• 1811 – Charles de Lalaisse, French lithographer, designer, and painter (d. 1892)
• 1844 – George W. DeLong, American naval officer and explorer (d. 1881)
• 1862 – Claude Debussy, French composer (d. 1918)
• 1873 – Alexander Bogdanov, Russian scientist, philosopher, and science fiction writer (d. 1928)
• 1874 – Max Ferdinand Scheler, German philosopher (d. 1928)
• 1882 – Raymonde de Laroche, French female pilot (who received the world's first aircraft pilot license) (d. 1919)
• 1887 – Ludwig Schwerin von Krosigk, German financier, politician, and last Chancellor of Nazi Germany (d. 1977)
• 1891 – Jacques Lipchitz, Jewish-Lithuanian-American cubist sculptor (d. 1973)
• 1902 – Leni Riefenstahl, German actress, film director and producer (d. 2003)
• 1904 – Deng Xiaoping, Chinese politician and President of China (d. 1997)
• 1908 – Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer (d. 2004)
• 1909 – Julius J. Epstein, American screenwriter (d. 2000)
• 1913 – Bruno Pontecorvo, Italian nuclear physicist (d. 1993)
• 1915 – Edward Szczepanik, Polish economist and last Prime Minister of the Polish Government-in-Exile (d. 2005)
• 1917 – John Lee Hooker, American blues singer, guitarist, and composer (d. 2001)
• 1920 – Ray Bradbury, American author (d. 2012)
• 1925 – Honor Blackman, English actor (d. 2020)
• 1926 – Ümit Yaşar Oğuzcan, Turkish poet (d. 1984)
• 1928 – Karlheinz Stockhausen, German classical music and opera composer (d. 2007)
• 1930 – Gilmar, Brazilian football player (d. 2013)
• 1934 Norman Schwarzkopf, American soldier (d. 2012)
• 1935 – E. Annie Proulx, American novelist and journalist
• 1939 – Valerie Harper, American actress, comedian, dancer, and author (d. 2019)
• 1942 – Uğur Mumcu, Turkish journalist and writer (d. 1993)
• 1944 – Ayşen Gruda, Turkish theater and film actress (d. 2019)
• 1954 – Veysel Çolak, Turkish poet and novelist
• 1957 – Steve Davis, English professional snooker player
• 1958 – Colm Feore, American-Canadian stage, film and television actor
• 1958 – Necdet Adalı, Turkish revolutionary (the first revolutionary executed after the 12 September Coup) (d. 1980)
• 1959 – Mark Williams, English actor and comedian
• 1963 Tori Amos, American singer
• 1966 – GZA, American rapper (member of Wu-Tang Clan)
• 1966 – Rob Witschge, Dutch football player and manager
• 1967 – Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, English actress
• 1967 – Layne Staley, American musician (d. 2002)
• 1967 – Ty Burrell, American actor
• 1968 – Aleksandr Mostovoy, Russian-born Soviet national football player
• 1968 – Anne Nurmi, Finnish singer, composer, songwriter and keyboardist, member of the musical group Lacrimosa
• 1970 – Gianluca Ramazzotti, Italian actor
• 1970 – Tímea Nagy, Hungarian fencer and sports manager
• 1973 – Eurelijus Žukauskas, Lithuanian basketball player
• 1973 - Kristen Wiig, American actress
• 1975 – Clint Bolton, Australian national football player
• 1975 – Rodrigo Santoro, Brazilian actor
• 1976 – Aslıhan Yeltekin, Turkish journalist and presenter
• 1977 – Heiðar Helguson, Icelandic national football player
• 1978 – James Corden, English actor, comedian, singer, writer, producer and television presenter
• 1978 – Jeff Stinco, Canadian musician (Simple Plan)
• 1983 – Theo Bos, Dutch road and trail cyclist
• 1984 – Ekin Turkmen, Turkish actress and model
• 1984 – Lawrence Quaye, Ghana-born Qatari football player
• 1984 – Lee Camp, English football player
• 1986 - Adrian Neville, English wrestler
• 1986 – Stephen Ireland, Irish football player
• 1986 – Tokushōryū Makoto, Japanese sumo wrestler
• 1987 - Apollo Crews, American wrestler
• 1989 – Giacomo Bonaventura, Italian national football player
• 1991 – Federico Macheda, Italian football player
• 1991 – Uğur Kaynak, Turkish football player
• 1994 – Astou Ndour, Spanish basketball player
• 1995 – Dua Lipa, English singer, songwriter and model

Deaths

• 408 – Stilicho, Roman general (Magister militum) (b. 359)
• 1155 – Konoe, 76th Emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1139)
• 1241 – IX. Gregory, 178th Pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1170)
• 1280 – III. Nicolaus, 188th Pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1225)
• 1350 – VI. Philippe, King of France (b. 1293)
• 1358 - Isabella, King of England II. Edward's wife (b. 1295)
• 1456 – II. Vladislav, Voivode of the Principality of Wallachia (b. ?)
• 1485 – III. Richard, King of England (b. 1452)
• 1545 – Charles Brandon, English military leader (b. 1484)
• 1553 – John Dudley, English politician and soldier (b. 1504)
• 1652 – Jacob De la Gardie, Swedish statesman and soldier (b. 1583)
• 1791 – Johann David Michaelis, German theologian (b. 1717)
• 1817 – Nakşidil Sultan, Ottoman Sultan II. Mahmut's mother, Valide Sultan and wife of Abdulhamit I (b. 1768)
• 1860 – Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps, French painter (b. 1803)
• 1861 – Xianfeng, 9th Emperor of China's Qing Dynasty (b. 1831)
• 1891 – Jan Neruda, Czech writer (b. 1834)
• 1903 – Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1830)
• 1904 – Kate Chopin, American short story writer (b. 1851)
• 1920 – Anders Zorn, Swedish painter, engraver, sculptor, and photographer (b. 1860)
• 1922 – Michael Collins, Irish politician and leader of the Irish independence movement (b. 1890)
• 1929 – Otto Liman von Sanders, German general and Ottoman Marshal (b. 1855)
• 1942 – Michel Fokine, Russian choreographer and ballet dancer (b. 1880)
• 1946 – Döme Sztójay, Hungarian soldier, diplomat, and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (b. 1883)
• 1958 – Roger Martin du Gard, French writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
• 1966 – Erwin Komenda, German-Austrian automobile designer (b. 1904)
• 1972 – Orhan Seyfi Orhon, Turkish poet (member of the Beş Syllables group) (b. 1890)
• 1974 – Jacob Bronowski, English mathematician, biologist, poet, and inventor (b. 1908)
• 1976 – Juscelino Kubitschek, Brazilian politician and President of Brazil (b. 1902)
• 1978 – Ignazio Silone, Italian writer (b. 1900)
• 1978 – Jomo Kenyatta, Kenyan politician and first Prime Minister of Kenya (b. 1889)
• 1985 – Turgut Uyar, Turkish poet (b. 1927)
• 1986 – Celâl Bayar, Turkish politician, statesman and President (b. 1883)
• 1989 – Huey P. Newton, African-American political activist and founder of the Black Panther Party (b. 1942)
• 1991 – Colleen Dewhurst, Canadian-American actress (b. 1924)
• 1991 – Boris Pugo, Latvian-born Soviet politician (b. 1937)
• 1993 – Baki Erdogan, alleged torture victim of DHKP-C
• 2000 – Ebulfez Elçibey, Azerbaijani politician (b. 1938)
• 2004 – Daniel Petrie, Canadian film director (b. 1920)
• 2010 – Stjepan Bobek, Yugoslav football player and manager (b. 1923)
• 2010 – Michel Montignac, French diet developer and author (b. 1944)
• 2013 – Jetty Paerl, Dutch-German singer (b. 1921)
• 2014 – John S. Waugh, American chemist (b. 1929)
• 2015 – Mariem Hassan, Western Saharan singer (b. 1958)
• 2015 – Ieng Thirith, Cambodian politician (Minister of Social Affairs of the Khmer Rouge) (b. 1921)
• 2016 – Farid Ali, Bangladeshi actor (b. 1945)
• 2016 – Michael Brooks, American basketball player (b. 1958)
• 2016 – Sellapan Ramanathan, Singaporean politician and 6th President of the Republic of Singapore (b. 1924)
• 2017 – John Abercrombie, American jazz musician and guitarist (b. 1944)
• 2017 – Alain Berbérian, French film director and screenwriter (b. 1953)
• 2017 – Feyyaz Berker, Turkish businessman and founder of Tekfen Holding (b. 1925)
• 2017 – Tony deBrum, Marshall Islands politician and activist (b. 1945)
• 2017 – Şükrü Kızılot, Turkish academic and journalist (b. 1958)
• 2017 – Tom Prichard, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1917)
• 2017 – Bülent Uluer, Turkish political activist, politician and former Revolutionary Youth (Dev-Genç) Chairman (b. 1952)
• 2018 – Tullio Ilomets, Estonian chemist, historian, scientist and historian (b. 1921)
• 2018 – Gurudas Kamat, Indian lawyer, economist and politician (b. 1954)
• 2018 – Ed King, American rock musician and songwriter (b. 1949)
• 2018 – Lazy Lester, American blues musician (b. 1933)
• 2018 – Jesus Torbado, Spanish writer (b. 1943)
• 2019 – Junior Agogo, Ghanaian football player (b. 1979)
• 2019 – Tim Fischer, Australian politician and diplomat (b. 1946)
• 2020 – John Bangsund, Australian science fiction critic (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Mrinal Haque, Bangladeshi sculptor (b. 1958)
• 2020 – Emil Jula, Romanian football player (b. 1980)
• 2020 – Karim Kamalov, Uzbek politician (b. 1954)
• 2020 – Ulla Pia, Danish singer (b. 1945)