Today in History: Atatürk, who came to Kastamonu, started the Hat and Clothing Revolution

August 24 is the 236th (237th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 129.

Railways

• 24 August 1938 Railway reached Kemah.

Events

• 79 – Vesuvius erupted; The cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae were submerged in volcanic ash.
• 410 – Visigoths under Alarik begin sacking Rome.
• 1349 – 6000 Jews killed in Mainz, blamed for the plague.
• 1516 – Battle of Mercidabık: Selim I's Army defeats the Mamluk Army.
• 1572 – Catholics in France, King IX. On Charles' orders, they attacked unarmed and defenseless Protestants, killing tens of thousands. The events started around Paris, then spread to other cities. This massacre would later become known as the Saint Barthelemy Massacre.
• 1814 - British Troops occupy Washington, setting fire to the White House and many other buildings.
• 1851 - The Ottoman Government, which signed a contract with Palmer and Goldschmid companies, borrowed money.
• 1858 - In Richmond, Virginia, 90 blacks are arrested for getting an education.
• 1875 - Matthew Webb becomes the first person to swim across the English Channel.
• 1891 - Thomas Edison patented the motion picture camera.
• 1909 – The first concrete of the Panama Canal began to be poured.
• 1912 - Alaska became part of the United States.
• 1919 – Eastern Anatolia Defense of Law Society was founded.
• 1920 – In the Milli Tribe Uprising that took place during the Turkish War of Independence, the rebels occupied Viranşehir.
• 1925 – Atatürk, who came to Kastamonu, started the Hat and Dress Revolution.
• 1929 - Turkey and Iran signed the Treaty of Friendship.
• 1931 - France and the USSR sign a Non-Aggression Treaty.
• 1932 - Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly across the US non-stop (from Los Angeles to Newark).
• 1936 – Third Turkish Language Congress convened in Dolmabahçe Palace.
• 1937 – Murgul copper mine site was transferred to Etibank.
• 1949 - The North Atlantic Treaty comes into effect.
• 1954 – The Communist Party of the USA was banned with the “Communist Control Act of 1954” in the USA.
• 1954 - Brazilian President Getúlio Vargas committed suicide.
• 1958 – Bursa Grand Bazaar fire.
• 1960 – Record temperature in Vostok (Antarctica): -88 °C
• 1961 – Istanbul Petrol Rafinerisi A.S. (İPRAŞ) started production with a ceremony. It was announced that 51% of the company's shares belong to Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO), and 49% to the US Company Caltex.
• 1963 – Record in 200m freestyle: Don Schollander (1:58).
• 1968 - France uses its first hydrogen bomb.
• 1969 – In the demonstration organized by Türk-İş in Ankara and attended by 50 thousand workers, the Government and the Parliament were protested.
• 1981 - Mark David Chapman is sentenced to 20 years in prison for the murder of John Lennon.
• 1989 - Voyager 2 passed by the planet Neptune.
• 1991 - Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as Chairman of the Communist Party of the USSR. On the same day, Estonia, Latvia and Ukraine declared their independence. The process of disintegration of the USSR began.
• 1992 - Diplomatic relations began between China and South Korea.
• 1993 – In the conflict between Muslims and Hindus in Kashmir, 20 Muslims were killed.
• 1995 – The Windows 95 operating system was introduced to the world by Microsoft.
• 2006 – The International Astronomical Union (IAU) decides that Pluto is a "dwarf planet".
• 2008 – A Boeing 737 type passenger plane, which was taking off from Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, to go to Tehran, the capital of Iran, crashed shortly after takeoff. 68 people died in the accident, 22 people survived with injuries.^[1]
• 2016 – An earthquake with a magnitude of 6,2 occurred in Italy. More than 250 people died.^[2][3]
• 2016 – Turkey carried out a cross-border operation against Jarabulus with the code name “Euphrates Shield”. The area was cleared of ISIS and passed into the hands of the Free Syrian Army. 

Births

• 1151 – Geoffroy V, Duke of Normandy (b. 1113)
• 1249 – II. Alexander, King of Scotland (b. 1198)
• 1556 – Sophia Brahe, Danish noblewoman and physician with knowledge of astronomy, chemistry, and medicine (b. 1643)
• 1759 – William Wilberforce, English philanthropist and politician (d. 1833)
• 1767 – Hans Conrad Escher von der Linth, Swiss scientist, civil engineer, businessman, cartographer, painter, and politician (d. 1823)
• 1772 – Willem I, King of the Netherlands (d. 1843)
• 1750 – Letizia Ramolino, Italian nobleman, mother of Napoleon I (d. 1836)
• 1824 – Antonio Stoppani, Italian geologist, paleontologist, and pioneering popular science writer (d. 1891)
• 1837 – Théodore Dubois, French composer (d. 1924)
• 1865 – Ferdinand I, King of Romania (d. 1927)
• 1899 – Albert Claude, Belgian biologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1983)
• 1899 – Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine writer (d. 1986)
• 1902 – Carlo Gambino, Italian-American mafia leader (Sicilian mafia leader after whom the Gambino Family is named) (d. 1976)
• 1902 – Fernand Braudel, French historian (d. 1985)
• 1903 – Karl Hanke, Nazi Germany politician and SS officer (nicknamed the "Breslau executioner") (d. 1945)
• 1904 – Hıfzı Veldet Velidedeoğlu, Turkish lawyer, academic, writer and journalist (d. 1992)
• 1904 – Ömer Bedrettin Uşaklı, Turkish poet, bureaucrat and politician (d. 1946)
• 1916 – Léo Ferré, French composer (d. 1993)
• 1917 – Şükriye Atav, Turkish actress (d. 2000)
• 1921 – John Thomas Curtin, American federal judge
• 1922 – Howard Zinn, American historian (d. 2010)
• 1928 – Tommy Docherty, Scottish football player and manager
• 1929 – Yasser Arafat, Palestinian statesman (d. 2004)
• 1932 – W. Morgan Sheppard, English stage, film and television actor (d. 2019)
• 1935 – Lando Buzzanca, Italian comedy actor
• 1944 – Rocky Johnson, Samoan-Canadian wrestler (d. 2020)
• 1945 – Vince McMahon, American wrestler
• 1947 – Paulo Coelho, Brazilian writer
• 1947 – Anne Archer, American actress
• 1947 – Roger De Vlaeminck, Belgian professional road cyclist
• 1948 – Jean Michel Jarre, French musician
• 1948 – Sauli Niinistö, Finnish politician
• 1948 – Alexander McCall Smith, British writer
• 1951 – Orson Scott Card, American writer and critic
• 1951 – Daniel Ágúst Haraldsson, Icelandic singer
• 1951 – Oscar Hijuelos, Cuban-American writer (d. 2013)
• 1955 – Mike Huckabee, 54th governor of Arkansas, USA
• 1957 – Stephen Fry, English comedian
• 1957 – Yıldırım Türker, Turkish writer, screenwriter, translator
• 1958 Steve Guttenberg, Jewish-American actor
• 1958 – William Mangion, Maltese singer
• 1960 – Perihan Mağden, Turkish writer
• 1960 - Takashi Miike, Japanese filmmaker
• 1960 – Hideo Kojima, Japanese video game designer
• 1961 – Jared Harris, English actor
• 1962 – David Koechner, American actor and comedian
• 1963 – Wilco van Herpen, Dutch cook, photographer and news reporter
• 1963 – Hideo Kojima, Japanese video game designer, director, producer, and writer
• 1964 – Mark Cerny, American video game designer, programmer, and producer
• 1964 – Salijan Sharipov, Uzbek-born Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic's first person in Space, pilot and cosmonaut
• 1965 – Reggie Miller, basketball player who played in the shooting guard position
• 1965 – Marlee Matlin, American actress
• 1968 – Andreas Kisser, Brazilian guitarist (Sepultura)
• 1970 – Tugay Kerimoğlu, Turkish football player
• 1971 – Amy Spanger, American actress
• 1972 – Selin Sayek Böke, Turkish academic, economist and politician
• 1972 – Ava DuVernay, American film producer
• 1973 - Carmine Giovinazzo, American actress
• 1973 – Dave Chappelle, American comedian
• 1975 – Roberto Colombo, Italian football player
• 1976 – Alex O'Loughlin, Australian actor
• 1976 – Nordin Wooter, Dutch football player
• 1977 Denílson de Oliveira Araújo, Brazilian football player
• 1977 – Robert Enke, German football player (d. 2009)
• 1977 – John Green, American writer
• 1977 – Jürgen Macho, Austrian football player
• 1978 – Beth Riesgraf, American actress
• 1979 – Orlando Engelaar, Dutch football player
• 1979 – Michael Redd, American basketball player
• 1980 – Rachael Carpani, Australian actress
• 1981 – Chad Michael Murray, American actor
• 1982 – Jose Bosingwa, Portuguese football player
• 1982 – Kim Källström, Swedish national football player
• 1983 – Tino Sabbatelli, American wrestler
• 1984 – Vitali Rahimov, Azerbaijani wrestler
• 1984 – Charlie Villanueva, American basketball player
• 1984 – Yesung, South Korean singer and actor
• 1986 – Joseph Akpala, Nigerian football player
• 1986 - Fabiano Santacroce, Italian football player
• 1988 - Rupert Grint, English actor
• 1988 – Maya Yoshida, Japanese national football player
• 1989 - Reynaldo dos Santos Silva, Brazilian football player
• 1990 – Juan Pedro Lanzani, Argentinian actor, model and singer
• 1990 – Yağmur Tanrısevsin, Turkish actress
• 1992 – Jemerson, Brazilian football player
• 1994 - Kelsey Plum, American basketball player
• 1994 – Tyler Ennis, Canadian basketball player

Deaths

• 79 – Gaius Plinius Secundus, Roman writer and philosopher (b. 23)
• 842 – Saga, 52nd emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 786)
• 1042 – Michael V, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1015)
• 1101 – Su Shi, Chinese poet, painter, academic, and statesman (b. 1037)
• 1103 – III. Magnus, King of Norway (b. 1073)
• 1313 – IV. Henry, King of Germany (b. 1275)
• 1516 - Kansu Gavri, Mamluk Sultan
• 1540 – Parmigianino (Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), Italian painter (b. 1503)
• 1572 – II. Gaspard de Coligny, French nobleman and Admiral of France (b. 1519)
• 1759 – Ewald Christian von Kleist, German poet (b. 1715)
• 1832 – Sadi Carnot, French mathematician (b. 1796)
• 1888 – Rudolf Clausius, German physicist (b. 1822)
• 1919 – Friedrich Naumann, German politician and theorist (b. 1860)
• 1943 – Simone Weil, French writer and philosopher (b. 1909)
• 1946 – James Clark McReynolds, American lawyer and judge (b. 1862)
• 1954 – Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil (b. 1882)
• 1956 – Kenji Mizoguchi, Japanese director (b. 1898)
• 1972 – Hanna Reitsch, first female German test pilot to use helicopters and rocket planes (b. 1912)
• 1982 – Muazzez Arçay, Turkish actor (b. 1907)
• 1983 – Kalevi Kotkas, Finnish athlete (b. 1913)
• 1990 – Sergei Dovlatov, Russian writer (b. 1941)
• 1992 – Rahmi Pehlivanlı, Turkish painter (b. 1926)
• 2006 – Cristian Nemescu, Romanian director (b.1979)
• 2007 – Aaron Russo, American businessman, filmmaker, director, and activist (b. 1943)
• 2010 – Satoshi Kon, Japanese film director, animator, screenwriter, and manga artist (b. 1963)
• 2011 – Seyhan Erözçelik, Turkish poet (b. 1962)
• 2013 – Julie Harris, American theater and film actress (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Nílton de Sordi, Former Brazilian football player (b. 1931)
• 2014 – Richard Attenborough, English actor and director (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Bekir Sıtkı Erdoğan, Turkish poet (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Nazan İpşiroğlu, Turkish art history and philosophy teacher (b. 1923)
• 2015 – Justin Wilson, British Formula 1 and IndyCar racer (b. 1978)
• 2016 – Michel Butor, French writer (b. 1926)
• 2016 – Walter Scheel, German politician and statesman (b. 1919)
• 2016 – Roger Tsien, American chemist and Nobel laureate in chemistry (b. 1952)
• 2017 – Kai Linnilä, Finnish editor and writer (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Jay Thomas, American actor (b. 1948)
• 2017 – Amelyn Veloso, Filipino female journalist and news anchor (b. 1974)
• 2018 – Vijay Chavan, Indian male film, television and theater actor (b.1955)
• 2018 – Tom Frost, American mountaineer, photographer, and rock climber (b. 1937)
• 2018 – Robin Leach, British television presenter and columnist (b. 1941)
• 2018 – Javier Otxcoa Palacios, Spanish male racing cyclist (b. 1974)
• 2018 – Aleksey Paramonov, Soviet-Russian former football player and manager (b. 1925)
• 2018 – Antonio Pennarella, Italian actor (b. 1960)
• 2018 – Valentina Rastvorova, Soviet-Russian female fencer (b. 1933)
• 2020 – Robbe De Hert, British-born Belgian film director (b. 1942)
• 2020 – Sálvio Dino, Brazilian journalist, writer and politician (b. 1932)
• 2020 – Arrigo Levi, Italian journalist, essayist and television presenter (b. 1926)

Holidays and special occasions

• Aksehir Honor Day
• Ukraine Independence Day