Today in History: Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Established

July 17 is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 167.

Railways

• July 17 1943 Germany, Turkey to 25 250 locomotives and freight cars lent.
• 17 July The foundation of the 1979 Çankırı Scissors Plant was laid.

Events

• 1453 - The French win the Battle of Castillon against the English.
• 1815 - Napoleon surrenders to British forces at Rochefort.
• 1867 - The first volume of Marx's "Das Kapital" is published.
• 1879 – Shipyard workers went on strike in Istanbul.
• 1907 – Cubism movement was born in the art of painting.
• 1918 – Bolsheviks; Russian Tsar II. They executed Nicholas, his wife, children and four loyal relatives in Yekaterinburg.
• 1934 – Atatürk came to Bolu for the first time after the Turkish War of Independence.
• 1936 – The Spanish Civil War begins with a revolt of soldiers against the Republican Popular Front Coalition.
• 1944 – Two explosive-laden ships collide in Port Chicago, California: 320 dead, 400 injured.
• 1945 – Postdam Conference: United States President Harry Truman, Soviet Union leader Josef Stalin, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met in Potsdam, Germany, during World War II. They determined the division of the world after World War II.
• 1955 – The first of the Disney parks opened in California: Disneyland.
• 1963 – Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) was established.
• 1975 - The American spacecraft Apollo and the Russian spacecraft Soyuz merge in space.
• 1976 – Summer Olympic Games started in Montreal, Canada.
• 1986 – Human Rights Association was founded.
• 1998 – The Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court was adopted.
• 2007 - Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Aired.
• 2019 – 7 people lost their lives due to the flood disaster that started in the evening hours in Düzce's Akçakoca district and continued until the morning hours of the next day.

Births

• 1487 – Shah Ismail, founder and first ruler of the Safavid Empire (d. 1524)
• 1698 – Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French philosopher (d. 1759)
• 1744 – Elbridge Gerry, American politician and 5th vice president of the United States (d. 1814)
• 1884 – Boris Vladimirovich Asafiev, Russian musicologist and composer (d. 1949)
• 1888 – Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Israeli author and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
• 1889 – Erle Stanley Gardner, American author of detective stories (d. 1970)
• 1899 – James Cagney, American actor (d. 1986)
• 1917 – Kenan Evren, Turkish soldier and statesman, 7th President of the Republic of Turkey and 17th Chief of Staff of the TAF (d. 2015)
• 1920 – Juan Antonio Samaranch, Spanish sportsman (d. 2010)
• 1922 – Halit Deringör, Turkish national football player (d. 2018)
• 1935 - Donald Sutherland, Canadian actor
• 1939 – Ali Khamenei, supreme leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran
• 1939 – Valeriy Voronin, Soviet football player (d. 1984)
• 1942 – Peter Sissons, English journalist and television presenter (d. 2019)
• 1947 – Doğan Canku, Turkish musician
• 1949 – Geezer Butler, English musician
• 1951 – Mark Bowden, American journalist and author
• 1952 – David Hasselhoff, American actor and singer
• 1954 – Angela Merkel, German politician
• 1957 – Joachim Król, German actor
• 1958 – Metin Yüksel, Turkish activist and leader of the Raiders Association (d. 1979)
• 1958 – Wong Kar-wai, Chinese filmmaker, director, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Jan Wouters, Dutch football player
• 1961 – Guru, American rapper (d. 2010)
• 1961 – Jeremy Hardy, English comedian and actor (d. 2019)
• 1962 – Emin Boztepe, Turkish martial arts master and actor
• 1963 – Regina Belle, Grammy award-winning American artist
• 1963 – III. Letsie, king of the reign of Lesotho
• 1963 – Matti Nykänen, Finnish ski high jumper and singer (d. 2019)
• 1969 - Jason Clarke, Australian actor
• 1971 – Ari Barokas, Turkish musician and bass guitarist of the Duman band
• 1971 – Cory Doctorow, Canadian science fiction writer and blogger
• 1972 – Jaap Stam, Dutch football player
• 1974 – Claudio López, Argentine football player
• 1975 - Elena Anaya, Spanish actress
• 1975 – Evgeniya Artamonova, Russian volleyball player
• 1975 – Ville Virtanen, Finnish dance musician and DJ
• 1976 – Dagmara Domińczyk, Polish actress
• 1976 – Marcos Senna, Spanish football player
• 1976 – Anders Svensson, Swedish national football player
• 1977 – Marc Savard, Canadian hockey player
• 1977 – Mario Stecher, Austrian national skier
• 1978 – Émilie Simon, French synthpop songwriter and performer
• 1978 - Katharine Towne, American actress
• 1979 – Mike Vogel, American actor
• 1980 – Emil Angelov, former Bulgarian national football player
• 1980 – Javier Camuñas, Spanish football player
• 1980 – Ryan Miller, American hockey player
• 1980 – Jose Sand, Argentine football player
• 1981 – Mélanie Thierry, French actress
• 1982 - Natasha Hamilton, English singer
• 1983 - Sarah Jones, American actress
• 1983 - Adam Lind, American baseball player
• 1983 – Irini Psyhrami, Greek singer
• 1983 – Ryan Guettler, Australian professional BMX rider
• 1984 – Özlem Yılmaz, Turkish actress
• 1984 – Sotiris Leontiou, Greek football player
• 1985 – Neil McGregor, Scottish football player
• 1985 – Tom Fletcher, English singer (McFly)
• 1986 – Dana, Korean singer, dancer, and actress (TSZX)
• 1987 – Ivan Strinić, Croatian national football player
• 1987 – Tigran Hamasyan, Armenian jazz pianist
• 1987 – Jeremih, American singer, songwriter, rapper, and producer
• 1990 – Heinz Lindner, Austrian national football player
• 1990 – Anıl Piyancı, Turkish rap musician
• 1993 – Kali Uchis, Colombian-American singer-songwriter
• 1994 – Benjamin Mendy, French football player
• 1996 – Jeon Wonwoo, Korean singer, songwriter and dancer
• 2000 – Miray Akay, Turkish TV series and film actress

Deaths

• 855 – IV. Leo, pope (b. 790)
• 924 – Edward, King of Wessex
• 1166 – Abdulkadir Geylani, Persian Islamic scholar (b. 1077)
• 1198 – Nerses of Lambron, Archbishop of Tarsus of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (b. 1153)
• 1318 – Reşidüddin Fazlullah-ı Hemedânî, Vizier of the Ilkhanid State, physician, writer and historian (b. 1247 to 1250)
• 1399 – Jadwiga of Poland, first female ruler of the Kingdom of Poland (b. 1374)
• 1588 – Mimar Sinan, Turkish architect (b. 1489)
• 1762 – III. Peter, Tsar of Russia (b. 1728)
• 1790 – Adam Smith, Scottish politician and economist (b. 1723)
• 1845 – Charles Gray, British politician (b. 1764)
• 1852 – Salvadore Cammarano, Italian librettist and playwright (b. 1801)
• 1879 – Maurycy Gottlieb, Polish realist painter (b. 1856)
• 1887 – Dorothea Dix, American social reformer and humanist (b. 1802)
• 1892 – Carlo Cafiero, Italian anarchist (b. 1846)
• 1896 – Rainilaiarivony, Malagasy politician (b. 1828)
• 1903 – James Abbott McNeill Whistler, US-born Great British painter (b. 1834)
• 1906 – Carlos Pellegrini, 11th President of Argentina (b. 1846)
• 1912 – Henri Poincaré, French mathematician and physicist (b. 1854)
• 1918 – II. Nicholas, Tsar of Russia (b. 1868)
• 1918 – Alexei Nikolayevich Romanov, Tsesarevich of the Russian Empire and heir to the throne (b. 1904)
• 1918 – Anastasia Nikolayevna Romanova, Tsar II. Nikolai's youngest daughter (b. 1901)
• 1918 – Alexandra Fyodorovna, II. Nikolai's wife (b. 1872)
• 1918 – Mariya Nikolayevna Romanova, Tsar II. Nicholas' third daughter (b. 1899)
• 1918 – Olga Nikolayevna Romanova, Tsar II. Nicholas' eldest daughters (b. 1895)
• 1918 – Tatyana Nikolayevna Romanova, Tsar II. Nicholas' second daughter (b. 1897)
• 1925 – Lovis Corinth, German painter and printmaker (b. 1858)
• 1928 – Álvaro Obregón, Mexican soldier and statesman (b. 1880)
• 1944 – William James Sidis, American mathematician and philosopher (b. 1898)
• 1944 – Bule Naipi, II. member of the Albanian communist partisan resistance movement during World War II (b. 1922)
• 1945 – Ernst Busch, Generalfeldmarschall of Nazi Germany (b. 1885)
• 1959 – Billie Holiday, American singer, songwriter, and composer (b. 1915)
• 1961 – Emin Halid Onat, Turkish architect (b. 1910)
• 1961 – Vasfi Mahir Kocatürk, Turkish poet, playwright, teacher and politician (b. 1907)
• 1967 – John Coltrane, American jazz musician and saxophonist (b. 1926)
• 1995 – Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentine race car driver (b. 1911)
• 1998 – Sedat Celasun, Turkish soldier (b. 1915)
• 2002 – Joseph Luns, Dutch politician and diplomat (b. 1911)
• 2005 – Edward Heath, British politician and Prime Minister (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Hakkı Atamulu, Turkish sculptor (b. 1912)
• 2006 – Mickey Spillane, American author (b. 1918)
• 2009 – Meir Amit, Israeli politician, third Mossad director (b. 1921)
• 2009 – Walter Cronkite, American television journalist (b. 1916)
• 2009 – Leszek Kołakowski, Polish philosopher (b. 1927)
• 2009 – Orhan Şengürbüz, Turkish sports announcer (b. 1958)
• 2011 – Takaji Mori, Japanese former international football player (b. 1943)
• 2012 Melodie, American ceremonial leader (b. 1969)
• 2012 – İlhan Mimaroğlu, Turkish composer and writer (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Morgan Paull, American actress (b. 1944)
• 2013 – Vincenzo Cerami, Italian screenwriter (b. 1940)
• 2013 – Briony McRoberts, English actress (b. 1957)
• 2013 – Nurettin Ok, Turkish politician (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Jack Lewis, English chemist (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Elaine Stritch, American actress and singer (b.1925)
• 2015 – Jules Bianchi, French Formula 1 driver (b. 1989)
• 2016 – Wendell Anderson, American bureaucrat (b. 1933)
• 2016 – Nüzhet Kandemir, Turkish diplomat and politician (b. 1934)
• 2017 – Harvey Atkin, Canadian actor and voice actor (b. 1942)
• 2018 – Rita Bhaduri, Indian actress (b. 1955)
• 2018 – Yvonne Blake, Anglo-Spanish female fashion designer (b. 1940)
• 2018 – Saait Maajiet, South African cricketer (b. 1952)
• 2018 – João Semedo, Portuguese politician and physicist (b. 1951)
• 2019 – Andrea Camilleri, Italian writer and director (b. 1925)
• 2019 – Giuseppe Merlo, Former Italian professional tennis player (b. 1927)
• 2020 – José Paulo de Andrade, Brazilian journalist, TV presenter (b. 1942)
• 2020 – Ekaterina Alexandrovskaya, Russian-Australian figure skater (b. 2000)
• 2020 – Moussa Benhamadi, Algerian politician and researcher (b. 1953)
• 2020 – Brigid Berlin, American model and actress (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Seyfi Dursunoğlu, Turkish stage artist, singer and presenter (b. 1932)
• 2020 – Zizi Jeanmaire, French ballerina, actress and choreographer (b. 1924)
• 2020 – Silvio Marzolini, Argentina national football team player (b. 1940)
• 2020 – Angela von Nowakonski, Brazilian doctor, researcher and professor (b. 1953)
• 2021 – Pilar Bardem, Spanish actress and activist (b. 1939)
• 2021 – Dolores Claman, Canadian composer and pianist (b. 1927)
• 2021 – Angéline Nadié, Ivory Coast actress (b. 1968)
• 2021 – Robby Steinhardt, American musician (b. 1950)
• 2021 – Graham Vick, English opera director (b. 1953)
• 2021 – Milan Živadinović, Serbian former professional football player and manager (b. 1944)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Emoji Day