Today in History: Turkish Air Force Established 'Kıtaat-ı Fenniye ve Mevaki-i Müstahkame'

June 1 is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 213.

Railways

• 1 June 1927 Vasfi (Tuna) Bey, a military inspector on the railways, was appointed to the General Directorate of National Struggle in the National Struggle. Sarıkamış-Arpaçayı (1085 km) was transferred to DDY Public Directorate. The line was made by the Russians at 124. Erzurum-Sarıkamış (1913 km) was purchased by DDY. It was built by Russians in X232. Filyos-Irmak line construction started at Filyos. The construction was carried out by the Swedish-Danish partnership Nydqvist Holm.
• 1 June 1929 1482 has passed the law on granting 240 million grants for water works with railways and ports.
• 1 June 1931 date and 1815 with the law Mudanya-Bursa railway 50.000 TL. purchased in return.
• 1 June 1934 Balıkesir-Eskipazar (65 km) opened. Construction Sweden-Denmark Grb. Made. The 0rtaköy-Bolkuş line was commissioned.
• 1 June 1944Tavşanlı-Tunçbilek line (15 km) was opened.
• 1 June 1957 The miniature 2 train in Ankara Youth Park started to work under the names Mehmetçik and Efe.
• 1 June 1958 İskenderun Arsus TCDD Recreation Facility was opened.

Events

• 193 - Roman Emperor, Didius Julianus, was assassinated.
• 987 - Hugh Capet is elected King of France.
• 1453 – The first Friday prayer in Hagia Sophia was led by Akşemseddin.
• 1792 - Kentucky becomes the 15th state of the USA.
• 1796 - Tennessee became the 16th state of the USA.
• 1831 - James Clark Ross discovered the North Pole.
• 1855 - American adventurer and mercenary William Walker captures Nicaragua.
• 1869 - Thomas Edison patents the electric voting machine.
• 1911 – Turkish Air Force was established. (Kitaat-i Fenniye and Mevaki-i Müstahkame)
• 1920 - Adolfo de la Huerta becomes President of Mexico.
• 1920 – Milli Tribe Uprising: Milli Tribe, in cooperation with the French, started an uprising in Urfa.
• 1921 The first socialist journal of the Ottoman Empire under the leadership of Şefik Hüsnü Deymer Bright started its broadcasting life.
• 1929 – In accordance with the Law on the Adoption and Application of New Turkish Letters dated 1 November 1928, completely new letters began to be used in state transactions and records.
• 1930 – The toll for 85 years on the Galata Bridge in Istanbul was abolished. Toll schedule when the bridge was opened in 1845; It was determined as 5 coins for pedestrians, 10 coins for porters, 5 kurus for loaded cars, 40 coins for loaded horses, and 3 coins for sheep.
• 1930 – The permission to use Arabic letters in all public and private institutions ended.
• 1931 – Bursa-Mudanya Railway was purchased by the state. The 42-kilometer-long line was put into operation in 1892.
• 1938 – Atatürk, following the advice of doctors, started to stay on the Savarona yacht anchored in the Bosphorus.
• 1943 – Istanbul Radio started trial broadcasting under the direction of Vedat Nedim Tör. Continuing its work in the temporary studio established on the Beyoğlu Post Office, Istanbul Radio broadcast news of the agency transmitted via telephone from Western Music and Ankara Radio.
• 1949 – Nazilli Basma Industry Institution was established within Sümerbank.
• 1952 - Berlin is divided in two.
• 1958 - General Charles de Gaulle becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1959 - Beginning of the Nicaraguan revolution.
• 1963 – Bursaspor Football Club was founded.
• 1967 - The Beatles, considered the best album of all time Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band Rock albums were released.
• 1973 - The Greek Government abolished the monarchy and declared a republic.
• 1974 – For the first time, how to perform the "Heimlich maneuver" to save patients who have foreign bodies in the trachea from drowning. Emergency medicine (Emergency Medicine) was published in the magazine.
• 1975 – The World Bank declared that it counted Turkey among the countries in the 'moratorium' state and that it was a country that could not pay its debts. Turkey was previously declared as an 'indebted country' in 1959 and 1965.
• 1979 – For the first time in 90 years, a black-majority government comes to power in Rhodesia.
• 1979 - Interpreter newspaper writer Nazlı Ilıcak was sentenced to 9 months and Rauf Tamer to 16 months in prison.
• 1980 - CNN began broadcasting.
• 1981 – The novel by Adalet Ağaoğlu “Thin Rose of My Idea' was summoned.
• 1985 - Alan García becomes President of Peru.
• 1987 – Theater artist Ali Taygun received the “Liberty Award” in Denmark. The artist was one of the defendants of the Peace Association.
• 1990 - George HW Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty ending chemical weapons production.
• 1990 – The computerized money-withdrawal-deposit system, which provides 24-hour uninterrupted banking services, put into practice by Pamukbank under the name 'Bank-24'. It has been announced that anyone who has an account with Pamukbank will be given a Bank 24 card, if requested.
• 1994 – Former Chairman of Petrol-İş Union Münir Ceylan was imprisoned in Saray Prison. Gazelle, New Country He was sentenced to 20 months in prison for an article published in the newspaper.
• 1997 – Hugo Banzer Suárez wins the Bolivia Presidential election.
• 2000 – Unemployment Insurance came into effect. With the introduction of Unemployment Insurance into working life, the practice of Compulsory Savings came to an end.
• 2001 – A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 people at a disco in Tel Aviv.
• 2003 – The world's largest hydroelectric dam, the "Three Gorges Dam" in China, started to be impounded.
• 2004 – Yahya Kemal Beyatlı Express was sent off from Ankara Train Station to Istanbul during the promotion of the accelerated train that will serve between Ankara and Istanbul. The train, which broke the speed record of Turkish railways by seeing 155 kilometers for the first time between Polatlı and Eskişehir, traveled between Ankara and Istanbul in 4 hours and 56 minutes.
• 2013 – During the Gezi Resistance, Ethem Sarısülük was shot in the head by the police and seriously injured. Sarısülük died on June 14, 2013.

Births

• 1633 – Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (d. 1687)
• 1780 – Carl von Clausewitz, Prussian general and intellectual (d. 1831)
• 1796 – Sadi Carnot, French mathematician (d. 1832)
• 1804 – Mikhail Glinka, Russian classical composer (d. 1857)
• 1815 – Otto, first King of Greece (d. 1867)
• 1850 – Şemseddin Sami, Turkish linguist and novelist (d. 1904)
• 1869 – Ernest Fox Nichols, American educator and physicist (d. 1924)
• 1888 – Vera Muhina, Soviet sculptor (d. 1953)
• 1907 – Frank Whittle, British Army engineer and inventor of the jet engine (d. 1996)
• 1909 – Reşat Enis Aygen, Turkish writer (d. 1984)
• 1925 – İdris Küçükömer, Turkish economist and thinker (d. 1987)
• 1926 – Andy Griffith, American actor (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Marilyn Monroe, American film actress (d. 1962)
• 1927 – Moyra Caldecott, English writer
• 1928 – Georgi Dobrovolski, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1971)
• 1934 – Pat Boone, American comedian, actor, and voice actor
• 1935 - Norman Foster, English architect
• 1937 - Morgan Freeman, American actor
• 1937 – Ezio Pascutti, Italian football manager and player (d. 2017)
• 1940 – René Auberjonois (d. 2019)
• 1942 – Tom Mankiewicz, American screenwriter and director (d. 2010)
• 1944 – Robert Powell, English actor
• 1947 – Jonathan Pryce, Welsh stage and film actor
• 1947 – Ron Dennis, British businessman and McLaren Mercedes F1 Team boss
• 1950 – Roger Van Gool, Belgian former football player
• 1952 – Ali Müfit Gürtuna, Turkish lawyer and politician
• 1952 – Şenol Güneş, Turkish football player and coach
• 1953 – Xi Jinping, Chinese politician and President of China
• 1955 – Chiyonofuji Mitsugu, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 2016)
• 1956 – Abdullah Çatlı, Turkish deep state agent and counter-guerrilla member (the perpetrator of Bedrettin Cömert's assassination and the planner of the Bahçelievler Massacre in which 7 TİP students were killed) (d. 1996)
• 1956 – François Chérèque, French labor rights activist (d. 2017)
• 1956 – İdris Naim Şahin, Turkish politician
• 1956 - Lisa Hartman, American actress and singer
• 1956 – Mircea Cărtărescu, Romanian poet and novelist
• 1959 – Martin Brundle, British former Formula 1 and Le Mans 24 Hours racer
• 1959 – Alan Wilder, English musician
• 1965 – Olga Nazarova, Russian former athlete
• 1966 – Abel Balbo, Argentine national football player and manager
• 1967 – Roger Sanchez, Grammy-winning American house DJ
• 1968 - Jason Donovan, Australian actor and singer
• 1968 – Mathias Rust, German amateur pilot
• 1971 – Ghil'ad Zuckermann, Australian-Israeli linguist
• 1973 – Heidi Klum, German model
• 1973 - Anna Thalbach, German actress
• 1974 - Alanis Morissette, Canadian musician and Grammy Award winner
• 1977 - Sarah Wayne Callies, American actress
• 1977 – Danielle Harris, American voice actor
• 1978 – Hasna Benhassi, Moroccan middle distance athlete
• 1979 – Markus Alexej Persson, Swedish video game developer and programmer
• 1980 – Agasi Ağagüloğlu, Turkish and Azerbaijani boxer
• 1980 – Oliver James, American actor
• 1982 – Justine Henin, Belgian tennis player
• 1983 – Sylvia Hoeks, Dutch actress
• 1983 – Moustapha Salifou, Togolese football player
• 1985 – Tirunesh Dibaba, Ethiopian long distance athlete
• 1986 – Chinedu Obasi, Nigerian national football player
• 1988 – Domagoj Duvnjak, Croatian handball player
• 1988 – Javier Hernandez, Mexican national football player
• 1988 – Selin Şekerci, Turkish actress
• 1989 – Samuel Inkoom, Ghanaian national football player
• 1996 – Tom Holland, English actor, dancer and voice actor
• 1999 – Sofia Hublitz, American actress
• 2000 - Willow Shields, American actress

Deaths

• 256 BC – Gaozu, founder and first emperor of the Han Dynasty of China (195 BC)
• 193 – Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor (assassinated) (b. 133)
• 718 – II. Anastasios, Byzantine emperor who ruled from 713-715
• 1205 – Enrico Dandolo, 1192st Associate Professor of the Republic of Venice from 41 until his death (b. 1107)
• 1307 – Fra Dolcino, Italian leader of Dolcinoism, considered heretical by the Catholic Church (b. 1250)
• 1310 – Marguerite Porete, French Catholic mystic (b. ?)
• 1434 – Władysław II Jagiełło, Kingdom of Poland (b. 1362)
• 1452 – Munjong, fifth king of the Joseon Kingdom (b. 1414)
• 1616 – Tokugawa Ieyasu, one of the most important shōguns (military rulers) of medieval Japan (b. 1543)
• 1815 – Louis-Alexandre Berthier, French soldier and field marshal (b. 1753)
• 1823 – Louis-Nicolas d'Avout, Duke of Auerstaedt, French soldier and general who was marshal of the Empire under Napoleon (b. 1770)
• 1841 – Nicolas Appert, French inventor (b. 1749)
• 1846 – XVI. Gregorius, pope who served from February 2, 1831 to June 1, 1846 (b. 1765)
• 1864 – Hong Xiuquan, leader of the Taiping Rebellion and ruler of the short-lived state of Taiping Tianguo (b. 1814)
• 1868 – James Buchanan, 15th President of the United States (b. 1791)
• 1876 ​​– Hristo Botev, Bulgarian poet and hero of the Bulgarian national uprising against Ottoman rule (b. 1849)
• 1904 – George Frederic Watts, painter and sculptor interested in the British symbolism movement (b. 1817)
• 1925 – Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President of the United States (b. 1854)
• 1937 – Lyubomir Miletic, Bulgarian linguist, ethnographer and historian (b. 1863)
• 1938 – Ödön von Horváth, Hungarian-born dramatist and novelist who wrote in German (b. 1901)
• 1939 – David Peck Todd, American astronomer (b. 1855)
• 1941 – Hans Berger, German psychiatrist (b. 1873)
• 1941 – Kurt Hensel, German mathematician (b. 1861)
• 1942 – Jonas Vileišis, Lithuanian lawyer, politician, and diplomat (b. 1872)
• 1943 – Leslie Howard, English actor (b. 1893)
• 1945 – Eduard Bloch, Austrian medical specialist (b. 1872)
• 1946 – Ion Antonescu, Romanian soldier and politician (b. 1882)
• 1952 – John Dewey, American educator (b. 1859)
• 1960 – Paula Hitler, sister of Adolf Hitler (b. 1896)
• 1962 – Adolf Eichmann, German-Austrian SS-Obersturmbannführerdi (b. 1906)
• 1968 – Helen Keller, American pedagogue (b. 1880)
• 1971 – Hüseyin Cevahir, Turkish socialist militant (b. 1947)
• 1979 – Werner Forssmann, German surgeon (b. 1904)
• 1980 – Ali Sipahi, Turkish rally driver (b. 1932)
• 1983 – Anna Seghers, German writer (b. 1900)
• 1987 – Rashid Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1921)
• 1998 – Gottfried Dienst, Swiss football referee (b. 1919)
• 1999 – Christopher Cockerell, English engineer (b. 1910)
• 2000 – Walter Matthau, American actor (b. 1920)
• 2005 – George Mikan, American professional basketball player (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Vüs'at O. Bener, Turkish writer and poet (b. 1922)
• 2008 – Yves Saint Laurent, French fashion designer (b. 1936)
• 2009 – Juliana de Aquino, Brazilian singer (b. 1980)
• 2010 – Andrey Voznesenski, Russian poet (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Ann B. Davis, American actress and voice actor (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Karlheinz Hackl, Austrian actor, singer and theater director (b. 1949)
• 2014 – Sedat Karaoğlu, Turkish former national football player (b. 1960)
• 2014 – Valentin Mankin, Soviet/Ukrainian sailor (b. 1938)
• 2015 – Charles Kennedy, Scottish economist and politician (b. 1959)
• 2015 – Nicholas Liverpool, Dominican politician and lawyer who served as the 2th President of Dominica from 2003 October 17 to 2012 September 6 (b. 1934)
• 2015 – Jacques Parizeau, Canadian economist and politician (b. 1930)
• 2017 – JB Dauda, ​​Sierra Leonean politician and economist (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Tankred Dorst, German playwright, storyteller and translator (b. 1925)
• 2017 – José Greci, Italian actress, film and television actress (b. 1941)
• 2017 – Jack McCloskey, American former basketball player, coach, and manager (b. 1925)
• 2017 – Alois Mock, Austrian politician (b. 1934)
• 2017 – Charles Simmons, American editor and novelist (b. 1924)
• 2017 – Roberto De Vicenzo, Argentine professional golfer (b. 1923)
• 2018 – John Julius Norwich, British historian, travel writer and television personality (b. 1929)
• 2018 – William Edward Phipps, American former actor and filmmaker (b. 1922)
• 2018 – Sinan Sakić, Serbian pop-folk singer (b. 1956)
• 2018 – Giovanni Di Veroli, Italian former football player (b. 1932)
• 2019 – Leah Chase, African-American chef, television host, and author (b. 1923)
• 2019 – Nikola Dinev, Bulgarian heavyweight wrestler (b. 1953)
• 2019 – John Myers, British radio broadcaster and manager (b. 1959)
• 2019 – José Antonio Reyes, Spanish football player (b. 1983)
• 2019 – Michel Serres, French philosopher, historian of philosophy and science (b. 1930)
• 2019 – Ani Yudhoyono, Indonesian noble and first lady (b. 1952)
• 2020 – Janez Kocijančič, Slovenian politician and lawyer (b. 1941)
• 2021 – Hichem Djait, Tunisian writer, historian and Islamic scholar (b. 1935)
• 2021 – Hsing Yin Shean, Malaysian politician and contractor (b. 1952)
• 2021 – Samedaga Shihlarov, Azerbaijani-born Soviet professional football player (b. 1955)

Holidays and special occasions

• 1925 – Today, in some countries, it has been celebrated as World Children's Day since 1925.
• World Phenylketonuria Day
• Opticians And Opticians Day
• World Bankers Day