Today in History: Turkish Airlines Founded

May 20 is the 140st day of the year (141nd in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 225.

Railways

• On May 20, 1882, the Ottoman Ministry of Nafia, who approved the offer of Mehmet Nahid Bey and Kostaki Teodoridi Efendi, submitted the contract and specification plans to the applicant.
• 20 May 1933 The Law No. 2200 on the construction of the connection line connecting Sivas-Erzurum line from Malatya to Divriğ will be united.

Events

• 325 - Roman Emperor II. Constantine organized the first Ecumenical Council in Nicaea.
• 1481 – II. Beyazıt became the Ottoman Sultan.
• 1622 – The rebels in the Ottoman Empire, the supporter of innovation in the army and administration, Sultan II. He dethroned Osman and killed him. Mustafa I was enthroned for the second time, replacing Young Osman, who was the first sultan to be killed.
• 1795 - Women's clubs are banned in France.
• 1861 – American Civil War: The state of Kentucky declares its neutrality in the civil war. This neutrality will end on September 3 when the Armies of the South enter the state, and Kentucky will join the North.
• 1873 - Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis patented the first blue jeans with copper rivets in the USA.
• 1878 – II. Journalist Ali Suavi, who organized the Çırağan Raid with the aim of overthrowing Abdülhamit and enthroning Murat V, who was held in Çırağan Palace, was killed.
• 1883 – The Krakatoa volcano in Indonesia became active. The last and largest eruption of the volcano will occur on August 26.
• 1891 – History of cinema: A prototype of Thomas Edison's “kinetoscope” film display device is introduced.
• 1896 – The 6-ton chandelier of the Paris Opera (Palais Garnier) fell over the crowd and one person died. Author Gaston Leroux, gothic novel 'The Phantom of the Opera'He wrote i inspired by this event in 1909.
• 1902 – Cuba gains independence from the United States, with Tomás Estrada Palma becoming the country's first President.
• 1919 - The Society of British Fighters was founded.
• 1920 – The first nursery school, Admiral Bristol Nursing School, opened.
• 1928 – International figures accepted in Turkey.
• 1928 – King of Afghanistan Emanullah Khan and Queen Sureyya came to Turkey. This visit was the first official visit of a monarch to Turkey and was greeted with unprecedented ceremonies.
• 1932 - Amelia Earhart begins her solo, non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean from Newfoundland. When She landed in Ireland the next day, she became the first female pilot to do so.
• 1932 – Christian Socialist leader Engelbert Dollfuss was elected Chancellor of Austria.
• 1933 – Turkish Airlines was founded.
• 1941 – II. World War II: German paratroopers invade the island of Crete.
• 1946 – Turkey ratified the UNESCO Treaty.
• 1948 – The Parliamentary Group of the Republican People's Party decided to open imam-hatip courses under the supervision of the Ministry of National Education.
• 1953 - American Jacqueline Cochran became the first woman in the world to fly at supersonic speed by flying the North American F-86 Saber.
• 1955 - Akis Journal's Editor-in-Chief Cüneyt Arcayürek was arrested.
• 1955 – Karadeniz Technical University was established in Trabzon with the law numbered 6594. KTU is the first university in Turkey to be established outside of Istanbul and Ankara.
• 1956 - The USA conducted the first hydrogen bomb test, which was dropped from an airplane, in Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean.
• 1963 – May 20, 1963 uprising: Some army units revolted in Ankara under Talat Aydemir. After the events, martial law was declared in three major cities.
• 1964 – Apart from Istanbul Technical University and Middle East Technical University, a central examination system was introduced for entrance to universities and colleges.
• 1971 – The Constitutional Court decided to dissolve the National Order Party.
• 1971 – Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association, whose short name is TÜSİAD, was established.
• 1974 – Cinematographer Yılmaz Güney, who was tried in the THKP-C case and has been in prison for two years, was released by taking advantage of the general amnesty.
• 1980 – In a popular vote in Quebec, 60% of the people rejected the proposal to the Assembly that the province should secede from Canada and remain independent.
• 1983 - First articles on the discovery of the HIV virus that causes AIDS, Science Published separately by Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo.
• 1983 – The Motherland Party (ANAP) was founded under the chairmanship of Turgut Özal.
• 1983 – The Great Turkey Party (BTP) was founded under the chairmanship of retired General Ali Fethi Esener.
• 1983 – The Populist Party was founded by social democrats under the chairmanship of Necdet Calp.
• 1990 – Minister of National Defense Safa Giray announced that 17 people from the Turkish Air Force, including 97 officers and 114 non-commissioned officers, were expelled from the army because they had relations with reactionary organizations.
• 1990 – In Romania, Ion Iliescu is elected President.
• 2000 – 38 people drowned and 15 people were injured as a result of two boats capsized due to the traditional May festivities in Trabzon's Beşikdüzü district.
• 2003 – Writer Orhan Pamuk, “My Name Is RedHe was awarded the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award, one of the world's largest literary awards, for his novel ”.
• 2013 – Ray Manzarek, keyboardist and founder of The Doors, died of bile duct cancer.

Births

• 1664 – Andreas Schlüter, German architect and sculptor (d. 1714)
• 1743 – François-Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture, Haitian revolutionary leader and administrator who took part in the Haitian Revolution (d. 1803)
• 1799 – Honore de Balzac, French novelist (d. 1850)
• 1806 – John Stuart Mill, English thinker, philosopher, and political economist (d. 1873)
• 1822 – Frédéric Passy, ​​French economist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1912)
• 1851 – Emile Berliner, German-American inventor (d. 1929)
• 1860 – Eduard Buchner, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (d. 1917)
• 1882 – Sigrid Undset, Norwegian novelist and 1928 Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949)
• 1883 – Faisal I, King of Iraq (d. 1933)
• 1884 – Leon Schlesinger, American filmmaker (d. 1949)
• 1886 – Ali Sami Yen, Turkish sportsman (d. 1951)
• 1887 – Sermet Muhtar Alus, Turkish journalist and writer (d. 1952)
• 1901 – Max Euwe, Dutch world chess champion (d. 1981)
• 1908 James Stewart, American actor (d. 1997)
• 1913 – Mualla Gökçay, Turkish singer and Classical Turkish Music interpreter (d. 1991)
• 1915 – Moshe Dayan, Israeli general and politician (d. 1981)
• 1921 – Wolfgang Borchert, German writer (d. 1947)
• 1924 – Cavid Erginsoy, Turkish physicist and scientist (d. 1967)
• 1929 – James Douglas, American actor (d. 2016)
• 1938 – Sabih Kanadoğlu, Turkish lawyer
• 1943 – Albano Carrisi, Italian singer, songwriter and actor
• 1944 – Joe Cocker, English rock and blues singer (d. 2014)
• 1945 – İnci Gürbüzatik is a writer and producer.
• 1946 – Cher, American singer
• 1961 – Tilbe Saran, Turkish theater and film actress and voice actor
• 1966 – Mirkelam, Turkish singer
• 1966 – Ahmet Ak, Turkish wrestler
• 1972 – Erkan Aydoğan Oflu, Turkish actor (d. 2011)
• 1979 – Aysun Kayacı, Turkish model and actress
• 1979 - Andrew Scheer is a Canadian politician
• Yoshinari Takagi is a Japanese football player.
• 1980 – Juliana Pasha, Albanian singer
• 1981 -Iker Casillas, Spanish football player
• Silvino João de Carvalho is a Brazilian football player.
• Klæmint Matras is a former Faroese international football player.
• 1982 – Petr Čech, Czech football player
• Wes Hoolahan is an Irish football player.
• Natalya Podolskaya, Belarusian singer
• 1983 – Óscar Cardozo, Paraguayan football player
• Mehdi Taouil is a Moroccan former football player.
• 1984 – Kim Dong-Hyun is a former South Korean football player.
• 1984 – Dilara Kazimova, Azerbaijani singer and actress
• 1984 - Ricardo Lobo, Brazilian football player
• 1984 – Naturi Naughton, American actress and singer-songwriter
• 1985 – Raúl Enríquez, Mexican football player
• 1985 – Christ Froome, British road bike racer
• 1986 – Ahmed Samir Ferec, Egyptian national football player
• 1986 – Stéphane Mbia is a Cameroonian football player.
• 1987 – Desirée van den Berg, Dutch model
• 1987 - Marcelo Guedes, Brazilian football player
• 1987 – Mike Havenaar, Japanese international football player
• 1987 – Luboš Kalouda, Czech former football player
• 1988 - Magno Cruz is a Brazilian football player.
• 1988 - Kim Lamarre is a Canadian freestyle skier.
• 1988 – Lana Obad, Croatian model
• 1989 – Aldo Corzo, Peruvian national football player
• 1989 – Ahmed es-Salih, Syrian national football player
• 1990 – Alex is a Brazilian football player.
• 1990 - Rafael Cabral, Brazilian football player
• 1990 - Anderson Carvalho, Brazilian football player
• 1990 – Miloš Kosanović, Serbian national football player
• 1990 – Bernardo Vieira de Souza, Brazilian football player
• 1990 – Lucas Gomes da Silva, Brazilian former football player (d. 2016)
• 1990 – Josh O'Connor, English actor
• 1990 – İzzet Türkyılmaz is a Turkish basketball player.
• 1991 – Emre Colak, Turkish football player
• 1991 – Vitor Hugo, Brazilian football player
• 1991 – Mehmet Taş is a Turkish football player.
• 1992 – Damir Džumhur, Bosnian professional tennis player
• 1992 – Jack Gleeson, Irish television and film actor
• 1992 – Daniel Haber is a Canadian football player.
• 1992 – Enes Kanter, Turkish basketball player
• 1992 – Gerónimo Rulli, Argentine football player
• 1993 – Sunny Dhinsa, Canadian professional wrestler and former amateur wrestler
• 1993 – Juanmi, Spanish national football player
• 1993 – Václav Kadlec, Czech football player
• 1994 – Alex Høgh Andersen is a Danish actor.
• 1994 – Okan Deniz is a Turkish football player.
• 1994 – Piotr Zieliński, Polish national football player
• 1995 - Damien Inglis is a French professional basketball player.
• 1996 – Michael Brown, American teenager (d. 2014)
• 1997 - Marlon is a Brazilian football player

Deaths

• 794 – Æthelberht, king of East Anglia and a Christian saint (b. ?)
• 1277 – XXI. John, Portuguese pope born in Lisbon (b. 1215)
• 1506 – Christopher Columbus, Genoese navigator and explorer (b. 1451)
• 1550 – Ashikaga Yoshiharu, 12th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate (b. 1511)
• 1622 – II. Osman, 16th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1604)
• 1834 – Marquis de Lafayette, French aristocrat (fought alongside the Americans against British colonialism in the American War of Independence) (b. 1757)
• 1878 – Ali Suavi “The Revolutionary with Sarik”, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1839)
• 1880 – Károly Alexy, Hungarian sculptor (b. 1823)
• 1835 – II. Hüseyin Bey, Governor of Tunisia (b. 1784)
• 1896 – Clara Schumann, German pianist and composer (b. 1819)
• 1942 – Hector Guimard, French architect (b. 1867)
• 1958 – Varvara Stepanova, Russian painter and designer (b. 1894)
• 1958 – Frédéric François-Marsal, French politician (b. 1874)
• 1970 – Hermann Nunberg, Polish psychiatrist (b. 1884)
• 1974 – Jean Daniélou, French Jesuit patrolologist proclaimed Cardinal (b. 1905)
• 1975 – Barbara Hepworth, English sculptor and artist (b. 1903)
• 1989 – John Hicks, English economist (b. 1904)
• 1996 – John Pertwee, English actor (b. 1919)
• 2000 – Jean Pierre Rampal, French flute virtuoso (b. 1922)
• 2000 – Malik Sealy, American basketball player (b. 1970)
• 2002 – Stephen Jay Gould, American paleontologist (b. 1941)
• 2005 – Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (b. 1913)
• 2009 – Lucy Gordon, English model and actress (b. 1980)
• 2009 – Oleg Yankovsky, Russian actor (b. 1944)
• 2011 – Randy Savage, American professional wrestler (b. 1952)
• 2012 – Robin Gibb, British-born singer-songwriter (b. 1949)
• 2012 – Eugene Polley, American scientist and inventor (b. 1915)
• 2013 – Ray Manzarek, American musician (b. 1939)
• 2013 – Zach Sobiech, American pop singer (b. 1995)
• 2014 – Barbara Murray, English actress (b. 1929)
• 2015 – Mary Ellen Trainor, American actress (b. 1952)
• 2017 – Recep Adanir, Father Recep nicknamed Turkish football player (b. 1929)
• 2017 – Albert Bouvet, Former French professional racing cyclist (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Emile Degelin, Belgian film director and novelist (b. 1926)
• 2017 – Victor Găureanu, Romanian fencer (b. 1967)
• 2017 – Syed Abdullah Khalid, Bangladeshi sculptor (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Nataliya Shahovskaya, Soviet Russian female cellist (b. 1935)
• 2017 – Aleksandr Volkov, president of Udmurtia of the Russian Federation (b. 1951)
• 2018 – Jaroslav Brabec, Czech athlete (b. 1949)
• 2018 – Billy Cannon, Former American football player (b. 1937)
• 2018 – Patricia Morison, American actress and singer (b. 1915)
• 2019 – Nanni Balestrini, Italian experimental poet, writer and visual arts artist (b. 1935)
• 2019 – Sandy D'Alemberte, American lawyer, academic, politician, and educator (b. 1933)
• 2019 – Andrew Hall, English actor and theater director (b. 1954)
• 2019 – Niki Lauda, ​​Australian Formula 1 driver (b. 1949)
• 2020 – Syed Fazal Agha, Pakistani politician (b. 1946)
• 2020 – Denis Farkasfalvy, Hungarian-American Catholic priest, Cistercian monk, theologian, author, and translator (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Shaheen Raza, Pakistani politician (b. 1954)
• 2020 – Gianfranco Terenzi, regent of San Marino (b. 1941)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Metrology Day
• Child Development Day