Today in History: Mustafa Kemal Pasha Started the National Struggle

May 19 is the 139st day of the year (140nd in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 226.

Railways

• Nostalgic steam train tour was held between 19 May 1991 Haydarpaşa Sapanca.

Events

• 639 – Chieh-she-shuai and his followers raid Chiucheng Palace, the summer residence of Tang Emperor Tai Tsung.
• 1515 – Siege of Kemah
• 1884 - The Ringling Brothers opened their first circus in Baraboo, USA. In 1919, Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.
• 1897 - Oscar Wilde is released from Reading Dungeon, where he has been serving a sentence of hard labor since 1895 on charges of "immoral life".
• 1910 - Halley's Comet approached Earth.
• 1919 – Mustafa Kemal Pasha, as the 9th Army Inspector, set foot in Anatolia from Samsun and started the National Struggle.
• 1924 – Negotiations called “Golden Horn Conference” started between Turkish-British delegations regarding the Mosul issue. When the negotiations that lasted until 9 June failed to yield any results, the issue was taken to the League of Nations.
• 1934 – Fascists seized power in a coup d'etat in Bulgaria.
• 1935 – The first Autobahn opened between Frankfurt and Darmstadt.
• 1938 – Atatürk watched the Youth and Sports Day demonstrations for the last time and went on a trip to the South, despite his discomfort, regarding the Hatay problem.
• 1940 – The foundation of Dolmabahçe Stadium was laid in Istanbul.
• 1943 – Youth Park was opened with a ceremony in Ankara.
• 1968 – The meeting of the Workers' Party of Turkey in Kayseri was attacked; speakers were injured, flags and pennants were torn.
• 1975 – The US Senate decided to lift the arms embargo on Turkey.
• 1979 – The Chairman of the Workers' Party of Turkey, Behice Boran, who was arrested for taking to the streets on May 1, and 330 party members were released.
• 1981 – As part of the Atatürk Year celebrations in Turkey, the name of “Youth and Sports Day” was changed to “19 May Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day” by Kenan Evren and ceremonies were held all over the country.
• 1981 – The house where Atatürk was born in Thessaloniki was rearranged and put into service by the Minister of State, İlhan Öztrak. The foundation of Atatürk Forest Farm, similar to Atatürk's house, was laid by Prime Minister Bülend Ulusu.
• 1981 – President General Kenan Evren addressed the youth in Samsun: “It is not reactionary, divisive, destructive and extreme; Be constructive, creative, balanced, and be true Atatürkists who love their country and nation more than anything else, like Atatürk.”
• 1982 – Turkey requested the extradition of Yılmaz Güney from France.
• 1989 – The Women's Congress was convened. Approximately 2 women attended the women's meeting, which was held in a closed hall for the first time.
• 1990 – Police, Kadıköyraided a house in During the conflict, Hatice Dilek Aslan and İsmail Oral died.
• 1991 – A referendum was held in Croatia. 94% of the people voted for independence. The participation rate in the referendum was 86%.
• 1993 – Kemalist Thought Association was officially established.
• 2000 – In Fiji, an armed group staged a coup d'etat, raiding the parliament building, taking Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry and 7 ministers hostage.
• 2004 – US occupation forces killed 45 people in a bomb attack on a house in Ramadi, western Iraq.
• 2006 – Youth Union of Turkey was established.
• 2011 – An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.9 occurred in Simav, Kütahya. 3 people lost their lives, 120 people were injured.

Births

• 1584 – Miyamoto Musashi, Japanese swordsman (d. 1645)
• 1701 – Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo, Duke of Venice (d. 1778)
• 1762 – Johann Gottlieb Fichte, German philosopher (d. 1814)
• 1881 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Turkish Republic (d. 1938) (May 19 is his symbolic birthday attributed to the day he landed in Samsun.)
• 1890 – Ho Chi Mingh, leader of the Vietnamese independence movement (d. 1969)
• 1910 – Burhan Arpad, Turkish journalist and writer (d. 1994)
• 1911 – Ahmet Orhan Arda, Turkish master architect and Anıtkabir architect (d. 2003)
• 1914 – Max Perutz, Austrian-British molecular biologist (d. 2002)
• 1919 – Georgie Auld, American Tenor Saxophone and Clarinetist, bandleader (d. 1990)
• 1921 – Daniel Gélin, French actor (d. 2002)
• 1923 – Peter Lo Sui Yin, Malaysian politician (d. 2020)
• 1925 – Malcolm X, American black leader (d. 1965)
• Pol Pot, Cambodian communist leader (d. 1998)
• 1947 – David Helfgott, Australian pianist
• 1954 – Gürbüz Capan, Turkish politician and Founding Mayor of Esenyurt
• Nükhet Duru, Turkish pop singer
• 1962 – Serpil Çakmaklı, Turkish film actress
• 1966 - Polly Walker, English actress
• 1972 – Özcan Deniz, Turkish singer, composer, actor and director
• 1973 – Bülent İnal, Turkish actor
• 1973 – Servet Kocakaya, Turkish musician
• 1974 – Emma Shapplin, French soprano
• 1974 – Zhang Jin, Chinese martial artist
• 1975 – Eva Polna, Russian singer, songwriter and composer
• 1975 – Jonas Renkse, Swedish singer
• 1975 - Kentaro Sakai, Japanese football player
• 1975 – Ozan Güven, Turkish actor
• 1976 – Åsa Westlund, Swedish politician
• 1976 - Kevin Garnett, American basketball player
• 1976 – Todor Yanchev, Bulgarian football player
• 1977 - Manuel Almunia, Spanish football player
• 1977 - Natalia Oreiro, Argentine singer and actress
• 1978 - Marcus Bent, English football player
• 1979 - Andrea Pirlo, Italian football player
• 1979 – Bérénice Marlohe, French actress and model
• 1979 – Diego Forlan, Uruguayan football player
• 1979 – Koray Avcı, Turkish football player
• 1980 – Daniel Ngom Kome, Cameroonian football player
• 1980 – Demet Evgar, Turkish actress
• 1980 – Moeneeb Josephs, South African football player
• 1981 – Doğukan Manço, Turkish singer and DJ
• 1981 - Isabella Ragonese, Italian actress
• 1981 – Luciano Figueroa, Argentine football player
• 1981 – Yo Gotti, American rapper
• 1983 - Eve Angel, Hungarian pornographic film actress
• 1983 - Facundo Erpen, Argentine football player
• 1983 – Yağmur Atacan, Turkish actress
• 1984 – Jesús Dátolo, Argentine national football player
• 1984 – Julius Wobay, Sierra Leone national football player
• 1985 – Jon Kortajarena, Basque model and actor
• 1985 – Tom Budgen, Dutch professional wrestler
• 1985 – Yavuz Özkan, Turkish football player
• 1986 – Alessandro De Marchi, Italian professional road and track cyclist
• 1986 – Dame Traore, Qatari football player
• 1986 – Mario Chalmers, American professional basketball player
• 1987 – Waldemar Sobota, Polish football player
• 1988 – Antonija Sandrić, Croatian basketball player
• 1989 – Alex Cisak, Polish-Australian footballer
• 1989 – Dulcita Lieggi, Dominican model and actress
• 1990 – Víctor Ibarbo, Colombian football player
• 1991 – Álvaro Giménez, Spanish football player
• 1991 – Moses Sumney, American singer-songwriter
• 1992 - Eleanor Tomlinson, English actress
• 1992 – Marshmello, American electronic music producer and DJ
• 1992 – Mehdi Zeffane, French football player
• 1992 – Ola John, Dutch actress
• 1992 – Sam Smith, English singer-songwriter
• 1993 – João Schmidt, Brazilian football player
• 1993 – Josef Martínez, Venezuelan football player
• 1994 – Alberto Munarriz, Spanish water polo player
• 1994 - Carlos Guzman, Mexican football player
• 1994 – Cristian Benavente, Peruvian football player
• 1994 – Gabriela Guimarães, Brazilian volleyball player
• 1994 – Shogo Nakahara, Japanese football player
• 1995 – Yahya Hassan, Danish poet and activist of Palestinian origin (d. 2020)
• 1996 – Brenna Harding, Australian actress
• 1996 – Joao Rodríguez, Colombian football player
• 1996 – Sarah Gray, Canadian actress
• 2002 – Başar Oktar, Turkish figure skater

Deaths

• 1389 – Dmitri Donskoy ruled as Grand Prince of Moscow from 1359 and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1363 until his death (b. 1350)
• 1526 – Go-Kashiwabara, 104th Emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1462)
• 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England (second wife of Henry VIII and mother of Elizabeth I) (b. 2)
• 1647 – Sebastiaen Vrancx, Flemish painter (d. 1573)
• 1762 – Francesco Loredan, 106th Duke of the Republic of Venice (b. 1685)
• 1795 – James Boswell, Scottish lawyer and biographer (biographer of Dr. Samuel Johnson (“Dictionary Johnson”)) (b. 1740)
• 1825 – Henri de Saint Simon, French philosopher and economist (b. 1760)
• 1859 – Heinrich Zollinger, Swiss botanist (b. 1818)
• 1864 – Nathaniel Hawthorne, American author (b. 1804)
• 1895 – Jose Julian Marti, Cuban poet and writer (pioneer of the Cuban independence struggle) (b. 1853)
• 1898 – William Ewart Gladstone, English politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1809)
• 1904 – Camsetci Tata, Indian industrialist (b. 1839)
• 1918 – Ferdinand Hodler, Swiss painter (b. 1853)
• 1927 – Ahmet Hikmet Müftüoğlu, Turkish writer, diplomat and one of the pioneers of the National Literature Movement (b. 1870)
• 1932 – Charles Wallace Richmond, American ornithologist (b. 1868)
• 1935 – TE Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia), English archaeologist, soldier, spy, and author (b. 1888)
• 1939 – Ahmet Ağaoğlu, Turkish politician, lawyer, writer and journalist (b. 1869)
• 1945 – Philipp Bouhler, German (Nazi) soldier (b. 1889)
• 1958 – Ronald Colman, English actor (b. 1891)
• 1973 – Osman Fuad Efendi, prince of the Ottoman Dynasty (b. 1895)
• 1986 – Behçet Uz, Turkish doctor (b. 1893)
• 1994 – Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, widow of 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy (b. 1929)
• 2002 – Leyla Yeniay Köseoğlu, Turkish politician and founding member of the Motherland Party (b. 1926)
• 2009 – Andrey Yevgenyevich Ivanov, Soviet-Russian national football player (b. 1967)
• 2009 – Herbert York, American nuclear physicist (b. 1921)
• 2009 – Robert F. Furchgott, American biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1916)
• 2011 – Garret FitzGerald, Irish politician (b. 1926)
• 2011 – Kathy Kirby, English singer (b. 1938)
• 2011 – Paul Henze, American strategist, doctor of history and geopolitics (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Murat Öztürk, Turkish aerobatic pilot and news reporter (b. 1953)
• 2014 – Jack Brabham, Australian Formula 1 driver (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Burhan Muhammed, Indonesian diplomat and bureaucrat (b. 1957)
• 2015 – Happy Rockefeller, American philanthropist and Rockefeller family member (b. 1926)
• 2016 – Alexandre Astruc, French director (b. 1923)
• 2017 – Kid Vinyl, Brazilian singer, radio broadcaster, composer and journalist (b. 1955)
• 2017 – Noshirvan Mustafa, Iraqi Kurdish intellectual politician and writer (b. 1944)
• 2017 – Rich Buckler, American comics artist and illustrator (b. 1949)
• 2017 – Stanislav Petrov, Soviet soldier (b. 1939)
• 2018 – Bernard Lewis, British-American historian (b. 1916)
• 2018 – Harvey Hall, American businessman and politician (b. 1941)
• 2018 – Houmane Jarir, Moroccan international football player (b. 1944)
• 2018 – Maya Jribi, Tunisian politician (b. 1960)
• 2018 – Reggie Lucas, American musician, songwriter, and record producer (b. 1953)
• 2019 – Carlos Altamirano, Chilean politician, former athlete, lawyer and author (b. 1922)
• 2019 – Nickey Iyambo, Namibian politician and physicist (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Annie Glenn, American activist and philanthropist (b. 1920)
• 2020 – Gil Vianna, Brazilian politician and bureaucrat (b. 1965)
• 2020 – Ken Nightingall, British sound engineer (b. 1928)
• 2021 – Oğuz Yılmaz, Turkish singer and songwriter (b. 1968)

Holidays and special occasions

• 19 May Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day
• 19 May Jabal Day (Bulgaria)
• Greek Crimea Remembrance Day (Greece)
• Storm: Coke Storm (2 Days)