Today in History: Turkey's First Political Strike Held at Ereğli Coal Enterprises

May 13 is the 133st day of the year (134nd in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 232.

Railways

• 13 May 1923 The construction privilege of the Ilıca-Pier-Bonito Line was given to George Ralli for 40 years to move the bale mines to the shore. This person handed over the concession to “Ilıca-İskele-Palamutluk Railway Turkish Joint Stock Company”. The line was put into operation on September 1, 1924. On September 19, 1940, the line was purchased.

Events

• 1277 – Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey annexed the city of Konya to the territory of Karamanoğulları and declared Turkish the official language.
• 1846 - The US Congress declares war on Mexico, citing raids on border patrols.
• 1888 - Slavery is definitively abolished in Brazil. In the enactment of the law; Besides the anti-slavery actions, it also had an impact that it was more costly to own slaves than to employ newly arrived European immigrants.
• 1915 – In Çanakkale, the Muavenet-i Milliye Destroyer under the command of Major Ahmet Bey torpedoed the battleship HMS Goliath.
• 1919 – The declaration of Venizelos regarding the occupation of İzmir was read to the local Greeks by the Greek Colonel Mavrudis at the Aya Fotini Church.
• 1920 – Thrace-Paşaeli Müdâfaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti held the “Second (Great) Edirne Congress” between 9-13 May, where 217 members gathered and clear decisions were made about the region.
• 1929 – An earthquake occurred in Khorasan region of Iran: About 3000 people died.
• 1940 - British Prime Minister Winston Churchill made his famous speech: "I have nothing to promise you but pain, blood, sweat and tears."
• 1949 – Writer Rıfat Ilgaz was sentenced to three years in prison for insulting the President, seven months for insulting the King of Egypt and the Shah of Iran, and Aziz Nesin for insulting the King of Egypt and the Shah of Iran by broadcasting and seven months in prison.
• 1950 – Turkey's first political strike was held in Ereğli Coal Enterprises.
• 1955 – Turkey Iron and Steel Enterprises and Turkey Pulp and Paper Enterprises (SEKA) were established.
• 1958 - Velcro is registered as a trademark.
• 1965 - West Germany recognized Israel. Because of the decision, nine Arab countries broke off their relations with West Germany.
• 1975 – Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel was attacked by a person named Vural Önsel. Demirel's nasal bone was broken.
• 1979 – Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit, criticizing the attitude of business circles towards the Government, said, “We are stabbed when we are on the verge of providing sufficient aid and credit. We unjustly journal ourselves to strangers.” said.
• 1981 – Left-wing militant Ali Aktaş (Ağtaş), who killed right-wing Sulhi Adsoy on June 9, 1980 in Iskenderun, was sentenced to death.
• 1981 - Pope II. Jean Paul was shot and wounded by Mehmet Ali Ağca in Rome.
• 1994 – Former Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (İSKİ) General Manager Ergun Göknel was sentenced to 8 years and 6 months in prison in the chlorine corruption case.
• 1996 – It was alleged that DYP Chairman Tansu Çiller gave 5,5 billion liras to Selçuk Parsadan, who was on trial for fraud, from a disguised appropriation.
• 1997 – The Ministry of Interior paid 1993 billion liras of financial compensation to Uğur Mumcu's family, who was killed in 9,5.
• 1998 – The most comprehensive investigation in judicial history was opened against civil servants protesting the Civil Servants' Unions Bill.
• 2000 – A large amount of explosives and weapons were seized, left on the field in Ankara Sincan. It was determined that the explosives and weapons were left by Necdet Yüksel, a member of the illegal Tevhid Selam organization. Yüksel also admitted that he put a bomb in Ahmet Taner Kışlalı's car.
• 2007 – Fenerbahçe reached the championship in the 100th anniversary of its establishment.
• 2009 – Beşiktaş won the Turkish Cup by beating Fenerbahçe 4-2.
• 2010 – MUSIAD Chairman Ömer Cihad Vardan visited Tüsiad for the first time in history. The visit was described in the press as a "Historical Meeting".
• 2014 – Soma Coal Enterprises Inc. 301 mine workers lost their lives and 80 workers were injured as a result of the fire in a mine operated by

Births

• 1638 – Richard Simon, French Catholic commentator, theologian, philosopher, and historian (d. 1712)
• 1655 – XIII. Innocentius, 244th religious leader of the Catholic Church (d. 1724)
• 1699 – Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Portuguese statesman (d. 1782)
• 1713 – Alexis Clairaut, French mathematician (d. 1765)
• 1717 – Maria Theresia, Empress of the Habsburg dynasty (d. 1780)
• 1753 – Lazare Carnot, French soldier and statesman (d. 1823)
• 1792 – Pope IX. Pius, Catholic Church religious leader (longest reigning) (d. 1878)
• 1840 – Alphonse Daudet, French writer (d. 1897)
• 1857 – Ronald Ross, English physician and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1932)
• 1869 – Mehmet Emin Yurdakul, Turkish poet and Member of Parliament (d. 1944)
• 1880 – Enis Akaygen, Turkish politician and diplomat (d. 1956)
• 1882 – Georges Braque, French painter and sculptor (d. 1963)
• 1888 – Inge Lehmann, Danish seismologist (d. 1993)
• 1894 – Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, 2nd President of Iceland (d. 1972)
• 1907 – Daphne du Maurier, English novelist and playwright (d. 1989)
• 1919 – Pierre Sudreau, French politician and resistance activist (d. 2012)
• 1919 – Vedat Türkali, Turkish poet and writer (d. 2016)
• 1922 – Beatrice Arthur, American actress and singer (d. 2009)
• 1927 – Herbert Ross American actor, choreographer, director, and producer (d. 2001)
• 1928 – Édouard Molinaro, French film director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1937 – Roger Zelazny, Polish-American writer (d. 1995)
• 1939 - Harvey Keitel, American actor
• 1940 – Bruce Chatwin, English novelist and travel writer (d. 1989)
• 1941 Senta Berger, Austrian actress
• 1941 – Ritchie Valens, American singer, musician, and songwriter (d. 1959)
• 1942 – Pál Schmitt, Hungarian athlete and politician
• 1944 – Hajibala Abutalibov, Azerbaijani politician
• 1945 – Sam Anderson, American Actor
• 1945 – Lasse Berghagen, Swedish singer, songwriter and musician
• 1945 – Kathleen Neal Cleaver, American law professor and Black Panther Party activist
• 1949 Zoë Wanamaker, American-born English actress
• 1950 – Daniel Kirwan, English blues-rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter (d. 2018)
• 1950 - Stevie Wonder, American singer and composer
• 1954 – Recep Aktuğ, Turkish singer and actor (d. 2020)
• 1954 – Johnny Logan, Irish singer and composer
• 1955 – Perviz Meşkatyan, Iranian santuri, musician, composer, researcher and lecturer (d. 2009)
• 1956 – Vjekoslav Bevanda, Bosnian Croat politician and former Prime Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• 1957 – Alan Ball, Academy Award-winning screenwriter, director, producer, and actor
• 1957 – Claudie Haigneré, French astronaut, scientist, and politician
• 1957 – Stefano Tacconi, Italian football player
• 1958 – Sibel Egemen, Turkish singer
• 1961 Dennis Rodman, American basketball player
• 1964 – Stephen Colbert, American political satirist, actor, comedian, and author
• 1964 – Ronnie Coleman, American bodybuilder
• 1965 – Lari White, American country singer and actress (d. 2018)
• 1967 – Chuck Schuldiner, American guitarist and vocalist (d. 2001)
• 1967 – Melanie Thornton, American singer (d. 2001)
• 1968 – Sonja Zietlow, German television presenter and television producer
• 1970 – Buckethead, American musician
• 1972 – Defne Halman, Turkish cinema and theater actress
• 1977 – Samantha Morton, English actress
• 1978 – Mike Bibby, American basketball player
• 1979 - Carl Philip, Prince of Sweden
• 1980 – Sarp Akkaya, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor
• 1981 – Nicolás Frutos, Argentinian football player and current manager
• 1981 - Boncuk Yılmaz, Turkish actor and Istanbul Royal Theater actor
• 1982 – Oguchi Onyewu, Nigerian-American Footballer
• 1985 – Oğuzhan Koç, Turkish actor and singer
• 1986 – Alexander Rybak, Norwegian singer
• 1986 – Robert Pattinson, English actor and singer
• 1987 – Candice Accola, American actress and singer
• 1987 – Antonio Adan, Spanish football player
• 1987 – Candice King, American actress and singer
• 1987 – Hunter Parrish, American actor and singer
• 1988 – Hakan Ate, Turkish football player
• 1991 – Francisco Lachowski, Brazilian model
• 1993 – Romelu Lukaku, Belgian football player of Congolese descent
• 1993 – Debby Ryan, American actress and singer
• 1993 – Australian singer-songwriter known as Tones and I

Deaths

• 34 BC - Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Roman historian (b. 86 BC)
• 1573 – Takeda Shingen, distinguished and respected daimyō in Late Sengoku Japan (b. 1521)
• 1782 – Daniel Solander, Swedish botanist (b. 1733)
• 1809 – Molla Veli Vidadi, Azerbaijani poet and cleric (b. 1709)
• 1832 – Georges Cuvier, French scientist (b. 1769)
• 1835 – John Nash, English architect (b. 1752)
• 1871 – Daniel Auber, French composer (b. 1782)
• 1878 – Joseph Henry, American physicist (b. 1797)
• 1884 – Cyrus McCormick, American inventor and farm machinery manufacturer (b. 1809)
• 1885 – Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, German physician (b. 1809)
• 1904 – Gabriel Tarde, French writer, sociologist, criminologist, and social psychologist (b. 1843)
• 1916 – Sholom Aleichem, Ukrainian Yiddish writer (b. 1859)
• 1921 – Jean Aicard, French novelist and playwright and poet (b. 1848)
• 1930 – Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian traveller, scientist, diplomat, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1861)
• 1938 – Charles Edouard Guillaume, French physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1861)
• 1939 – Mark Lambert Bristol, American soldier (b. 1868)
• 1956 – Alexander Fadeyev, Soviet writer (b. 1901)
• 1961 – Gary Cooper, American actor (b. 1901)
• 1974 – Jaime Torres Bodet, Mexican diplomat, author, and former UNESCO Director-General (b. 1902)
• 1975 – Marguerite Perey, French physicist (b. 1909)
• 1980 – Erich Zepler, Electronics engineer and chess composer (b. 1898)
• 1982 – Kara Karayev, Azerbaijani composer (b.1918)
• 1985 – Mildred Scheel, former first lady of Germany and doctor (b. 1932)
• 1988 – Chet Baker, American jazz musician (b. 1929)
• 2001 – Jason Miller, American actor and playwright (b. 1939)
• 2005 – Eddie Barclay, French record producer (b. 1921)
• 2008 – Saad al-Abdullah es-Salim es-Sabah, briefly Emir of Kuwait from January 15, 2006 to January 24, 2006 (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Achille Compagnoni, Italian mountaineer and skier (b. 1914)
• 2009 – Norbert Eschmann, Swiss former international football player (b. 1933)
• 2013 – André Bord, French politician (b. 1922)
• 2013 – Joyce Brothers American psychologist (b. 1927)
• 2015 – Nina Otkalenko, Russian athlete (b. 1928)
• 2016 – Rodrigo Espíndola, Argentine football player (b. 1989)
• 2016 – Baba Hardev Singh, Hindu mystic and guru (b. 1954)
• 2017 – John Cygan, American actor, comedian, and voice actor (b. 1954)
• 2017 – Bernard Bosson, French centre-right politician, former minister (b. 1948)
• 2017 – Manuel Pradal, French film director and screenwriter (b. 1964)
• 2018 – Edgardo Angara, Filipino politician and lawyer (b. 1934)
• 2018 – Glenn Branca, American composer and writer (b. 1948)
• 2018 – Margaret Kidder, Canadian-American actress (b. 1948)
• 2018 – Baadur Tsuladze, Georgian actor, film director, screenwriter and publisher (b. 1935)
• 2019 – Unita Blackwell, American human rights activist, author, and politician (b. 1933)
• 2019 – Doris Day, American actress and singer (b. 1922)
• 2019 – Jörg Kastendiek, German politician (b. 1964)
• 2020 – Afwerki Abraha, Eritrean diplomat (b. 1949)
• 2020 – Anthony Bailey, English writer and art historian (b. 1933)
• 2020 – Gaetano Gorgoni, Italian politician (b. 1933)
• 2020 – Riyad İsmet, Syrian writer, critic and theater director, former Minister of Culture (b. 1947)
• 2020 – Shobushi Kanji, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1991)
• 2020 – Chedli Clip, Tunisian politician (b. 1925)
• 2020 – Keith Lyons, Welsh-Australian educator, author and sports science expert (b. 1952)
• 2020 – Patrick Simon, French politician, dentist (b. 1956)
• 2020 – Yoshio, Mexican singer (b. 1959)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Landscape Architects Day