Today in History: Ford Releases Mustang Model

April 19 is the 109nd (110rd in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 256.

Railways

• 19 April 1909 The name of this line, which was officially known as Hamidiye-Hicaz Railway, was started to be written as Hijaz Railway.

Events

• 1775 - The American Revolution begins. Colonial British troops and independence fighters engaged in the first clash in Lexington, Massachusetts.
• 1904 - Much of Toronto is devastated by fire.
• 1909 - Jeanne d'Arc was canonized.
• 1926 – The Cabotage Law, which allocates all kinds of maritime affairs in Turkish territorial waters to Turkish citizens and puts an end to the cabotage right of foreigners, was accepted.
• 1934 - Shirley Temple, Stand Up and Cheer He played his first role in the movie.
• 1938 – 6,6 people died in the 149 magnitude earthquake in and around Kırşehir.
• 1943 - Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann became the first person to experience the effects of LSD, which he produced from rye spurs.
• 1943 – II. World War II: German soldiers enter the Warsaw Ghetto to round up Jews.
• 1947 - In India, the Congress Party agrees to divide the country into two separate states, India and Pakistan.
• 1948 - The United States tests a new atomic weapon in the Marshall Islands.
• 1951 - General Douglas MacArthur retired from the Army.
• 1956 - Prince of Monaco III. Rainier and American film actress Grace Kelly were married in Monte Carlo. Representatives of 25 countries came to Monaco for the ceremony.
• 1961 – First press conviction after 27 May: Ahmet Emin Yalman was sentenced to a heavy fine of 25 liras.
• 1961 – The Bay of Pigs Landing against Cuba fails for the United States.
• 1964 - Ford introduced the Mustang model.
• 1969 - Nationalist Movement Party leader Alparslan Türkeş said "birth control is an assassination".
• 1971 – A republic was proclaimed in Sierra Leone.
• 1971 - The first space station, Salyut 1, was launched into space.
• 1971 - American serial killer Charles Manson is sentenced to death for killing five people, including Roman Polanski's pregnant wife, Sharon Tate, his sentence commuted to life imprisonment.
• 1975 - India's first satellite "Aryabhata" was launched.
• 1980 – Ajda Pekkan ranked 19th among 15 contestants in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Petrol", arranged by Şanar Yurdatapan.
• 1987 - The Simpsons premiered on television.
• 1989 – An explosion in one of the gun turrets of the battleship USS Iowa kills 47 sailors.
• 1995 – Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma, USA was bombed, 168 people were killed.
• 1999 – The German Bundestag (Bundestag) moves from Bonn to Berlin.
• 2000 – A Boeing 737-200 passenger plane belonging to Philippine Airlines crashes near the city of Davao (Philippines): 131 people are killed.
• 2002 – The death sentence of the leader of İBDA/C, Salih Mirzabeyoğlu, was upheld by the Supreme Court.
• 2005 – 78-year-old German Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger became the new Pope of the Catholic world. The new Pope, XVI. It was stated that he would use the name Benedict.
• 2009 – VIII. term parliamentary elections were held. The National Unity Party, which received 43.97% of the votes, received 26 deputies, and the Republican Turkish Party, which received 29.34%, 15 deputies. According to this result, the UBP alone had the majority to form the government.
• 2021 - NASA's Ingenuity helicopter becomes the first machine to fly on another planet (Mars).

Births

• 1793 – Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria (d. 1875)
• 1814 – Amédée Achard, French poet and journalist (d. 1875)
• 1832 – José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, Spanish writer and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)
• 1882 Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil (d. 1954)
• 1886 – Hiroshi Ōshima, Japanese soldier and bureaucrat (d. 1975)
• 1899 – Cemal Tollu, Turkish painter (d. 1968)
• 1903 – Eliot Ness, American federal agent (d. 1957)
• 1912 – Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (d. 1999)
• 1933 – Jayne Mansfield, American actress (d. 1967)
• 1935 – Dudley Moore, English actor and comedian (d. 2002)
• 1944 – Cemalettin Sarar, Turkish businessman and Chairman of Sarar Giyim
• 1946 – Duygu Asena, Turkish journalist and writer (d. 2006)
• 1950 – Jacques Herzog, Swiss architect
• 1950 – Yuksel Uzel, Turkish voice artist
• 1957 – Mukesh Ambani, Indian businessman
• 1960 – Nuh Ömer Çetinay, Turkish poet and architect
• 1965 – Galip Öztürk, Turkish businessman and owner of Metro Group of Companies
• 1970 - Kelly Holmes, British athlete
• 1972 – Binnur Kaya, Turkish actress
• 1972 – Rivaldo, Brazilian football player
• 1974 – Başak Köklükaya, Turkish actress
• 1976 – Sertan Güriz, Turkish football player and coach
• 1978 – Gabriel Heinze, Argentine football player
• 1978 – James Franco, American actor
• 1979 Kate Hudson, American producer, director, and actress
• 1981 – Catalina Sandino Moreno, Colombian actress
• 1981 – Dmitro Kuleba, Ukrainian politician and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine
• 1981 - Hayden Christensen, Canadian actor
• 1982 – Kadir Doğulu, Turkish actress and model
• 1984 - Kelen Coleman, American actress
• 1984 – Lee Da-hae, South Korean-Australian actress
• 1985 – Nicolas Maurice-Belay, French football player
• 1986 – Alessio Alessandro, Belgian football player
• 1986 - Candace Parker, American basketball player
• 1987 – Joe Hart, English football player
• 1987 – Mariya Sharapova, Russian tennis player
• 1987 – Oksana Akinshina, Russian actress
• 1988 – Luka Karabatić, French handball player
• 1990 – Denis Harmas, Ukrainian football player
• 1991 - Kelly Olynyk, Canadian basketball player
• 1991 – Russ Smith, American basketball player
• 1992 – Marko Todorović, Montenegrin basketball player
• 1992 – Marshmello, American DJ
• 2001 – Deniz Selin Ünlüdağ, Turkish fencer

Deaths

• 65 – Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Roman philosopher, statesman, and playwright (b. 4 BC)
• 1054 – IX. Leo, 152nd Pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1002)
• 1390 – II. Robert, King of Scotland (b. 1316)
• 1506 – Mark Antony Coccius Sabellicus, Venetian historian (b. 1436)
• 1560 – Philipp Melanchthon, German philologist, philosopher, theologian, and poet (b. 1497)
• 1578 – Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese daimyō (b. 1530)
• 1588 – Paolo Veronese, Venetian painter (b. 1528)
• 1689 – Christina, Queen of Sweden (b. 1626)
• 1768 – Canaletto, Italian painter (b. 1697)
• 1824 – George Gordon Byron, English poet and author (b. 1788)
• 1831 – Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger, German astronomer (b. 1765)
• 1878 – Władysław Tarnowski, Polish poet, playwright, pianist, and composer (b. 1836)
• 1881 – Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister (b. 1804)
• 1882 – Charles Darwin, English biologist (b. 1809)
• 1885 – Nikolay Kostomarov, Russian and Ukrainian historian, writer, and poet (b. 1817)
• 1899 – Édouard Pailleron, French poet, playwright, and journalist (b. 1834)
• 1906 – Pierre Curie, French physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1859)
• 1914 – Charles Sanders Peirce, American philosopher (b. 1839)
• 1916 – Colmar von der Goltz, German officer (ranked marshal in the Ottoman and German armies) (b. 1843)
• 1919 – Andrei Eberhardt, German-born Admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy (b. 1859)
• 1949 – Ulrich Salchow, Swedish figure skater (b.1877)
• 1949 – Stephen Samuel Wise, Jewish rabbi and Zionist leader (b. 1874)
• 1958 – Haykanoush Danielyan, Armenian opera singer (b. 1893)
• 1959 – Wilhelm Nestle, German philosopher and linguist (b. 1865)
• 1963 – Vicente Ferreira da Silva, Brazilian philosopher (b. 1916)
• 1964 – Hafiz Cemal (Lokman physician), Turkish Cypriot doctor
• 1966 – Väinö Tanner, Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1881)
• 1967 – Konrad Adenauer, German statesman (b. 1876)
• 1973 – Hans Kelsen, Austrian-American lawyer (b. 1881)
• 1979 – Wilhelm Bittrich, German SS Obergruppenführer and Waffen-SS general (b. 1894)
• 1983 – Şahan Natali, Armenian writer (member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and executive of Operation Nemesis) (b. 1884)
• 1987 – Maxwell Taylor, American soldier and diplomat (b. 1901)
• 1989 – Daphne du Maurier, English novelist and playwright (b. 1907)
• 1993 – David Koresh, American religious leader and musician (b. 1959)
• 1993 – Sabahattin Kudret Aksal, Turkish poet, storyteller and playwright (b. 1920)
• 1994 – Turgut Boralı, Turkish cinema artist (b. 1923)
• 1998 – Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat, author, and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
• 2005 – Erkki Penttilä, Finnish wrestler (b. 1932)
• 2005 – George Pan Cosmatos, Greek-Italian film director (b. 1941)
• 2007 – Helen Walton, American businessman and Board Member of Walmart (b. 1919)
• 2007 – Jean-Pierre Cassel, French actor (b. 1932)
• 2008 – Ayvaz Gökdemir, Turkish politician (b. 1942)
• 2008 – Germaine Tillion, French ethnologist (b. 1907)
• 2009 – JG Ballard, English novelist (b. 1930)
• 2010 – Burkhard Ziese, German coach (b. 1944)
• 2010 – Guru (Keith Edward Elam), American rapper (b. 1961)
• 2011 – Ali Balkaya, Turkish football player (b. 1989)
• 2011 – Elisabeth Sladen, English actress (b. 1946)
• 2012 – Levon Helm, American rock musician and member of The Band (b. 1940)
• 2012 – Ümit Ömer Sevinç, Turkish cook, educator and food expert (b. 1952)
• 2013 – Allan Franklin Arbus, American fashion photographer, television and film actor (b. 1918)
• 2013 – François Jacob, French biologist (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Oktay Sinanoğlu, Turkish quantum chemist and molecular biologist (b. 1934)
• 2016 – Estelle Balet, Swiss snowboarder (b. 1994)
• 2016 – Patricio Aylwin, Chilean politician and lawyer (b. 1918)
• 2016 – Ronit Elkabetz, Israeli actor, screenwriter, and film director (b. 1964)
• 2016 – Walter Kohn, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1923)
• 2017 – Aaron Hernandez, American football player (b. 1989)
• 2017 – Bülent Kayabaş, Turkish cinema and theater artist (b. 1945)
• 2019 – Martin Böttcher, German soundtrack composer, arranger, lyricist and conductor (b. 1927)
• 2019 – Massimo Marino, Italian television producer and actor (b. 1960)
• 2019 – Patrick Sercu, Belgian racing cyclist (b. 1944)
• 2020 – Philippe Nahon, French actor (b. 1938)
• 2020 – Sergio Onofre Jarpa, Chilean politician (b. 1921)
• 2021 – Walter Mondale, American politician (b. 1928)

Holidays and special occasions

• International Day of Action Against Cluster Munitions
• Book Day and Libraries Week (19-25 April)
• Poetry and Creative Thinking Day
• Travel Day