Today in History: 107th Anniversary of the Çanakkale Victory

March 18 is the 77th day of the year (78st in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 288.

Railways

• 18 March 1920 The Geyve Strait was destroyed by bridges and tunnels that were controlled by the national forces. The telegraph lines on the railroad were cut off.
• On March 18, 1967 Anadolu Express, passengers began to be given pique, sheets and pillows.

Events

• 235 – Roman Emperor Alexander Severus is assassinated by his own legion, and a 3rd century crisis begins that weakens the Empire.
• 1299 – Holy Roman Emperor II. Frederick proclaimed himself King of Jerusalem.
• 1438 – II. Albert became King of Germany.
• 1635 – IV. The Ottoman Army under the command of Murad went on the Revan Campaign against the Safavid State.
• 1799 – Napoleon came in front of the Akka fortress, which was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1850 - American Express was founded by Henry Wells and William Fargo.
• 1871 - The Paris Commune was founded.
• 1913 – King George I of Greece is assassinated in Thessaloniki.
• 1915 – Dardanelles Naval Operation: The United Navy was heavily damaged in the Dardanelles and withdrew.
• 1918 – The liberation of Karayazı, Narman and Tekman from enemy occupation.
• 1920 – The Ottoman Parliament held its last meeting after the occupation of Istanbul and decided to suspend its work.
• 1921 - The Treaty of Riga was signed between the USSR and the Second Polish Republic.
• 1921 - The Mongolian People's Army is established.
• 1925 - 695 people died in a hurricane that affected three US states (Missouri, Illinois and Indiana).
• 1926 – In the 6.9 magnitude earthquake that occurred in Finike, 27 people died.
• 1926 – Papa Eftim established the Independent Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate.
• 1937 - A natural gas explosion at a school in New London, Texas, killed 300 people, mostly children.
• 1938 - Mexico nationalizes all foreign oil companies within its borders.
• 1940 - Hitler and Mussolini meet at Brenner Pass. Italy decided to enter the war on the side of Germany. On the same day, four years later, the Germans began their invasion of Hungary.
• 1953 – 7,4 people died in the 265-magnitude earthquake that occurred in the Gönen district of Balıkesir.
• 1956 - France begins landing troops in Algeria.
• 1962 – Algerian War of Independence: France reaches an agreement with the Algerian insurgents.
• 1965 - Mankind walked in space for the first time. Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov left the Voskhod-II (Sunrise) spacecraft at an altitude of 2 kilometers from Earth for 177 minutes.
• 1970 – In Cambodia, Lon Nol overthrew Prince Norodom Sihanouk.
• 1971 – A landslide occurred on the slopes of Lake Yanawayin, Peru. The 30-metre waves that formed in the lake caused the death of 200 miners at the Chungar Mining Company (Cia Minera Chungar, SA) camp located on the beach.
• 1971 – Mümtaz Soysal was detained and arrested by the Ankara Martial Law Command.
• 1974 – The ousted President of Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, is sentenced to death for allegedly having one of his opponents assassinated.
• 1979 – Iranian Army Forces bombarded the city of Sine in eastern Iraq. More than 400 civilians were killed in the bombardment.
• 1980 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): In the clash that broke out at the funeral in Siverek, 5 people were killed and 3 people were killed in other parts of the country.
• 1985 – Banks' ban on advertising on television was lifted.
• 1986 – President Kenan Evren approved the amendments to the Penal Execution Law and the release proceedings for nearly 50.000 convicts were initiated.
• 1989 - A 4400-year-old mummy was found in the pyramid of Cheops in Egypt.
• 1990 – German reunification: After the elections of the German Democratic Republic, the German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany merged.
• 1992 – The “Constitutional Reform Bill”, which was planned by President De Klerk, granting equal citizenship to blacks in the Republic of South Africa, was approved by popular vote.
• 1997 – The tail of an Antonov An-24 Russian passenger plane was cut off while it was on its way to Turkey. 50 people on board the plane crashed.
• 2000 – 573 relatives living in Syria and Turkey crossed the border as a result of the agreement of the two countries and celebrated.
• 2005 - In a mosque in New York, a woman led the Friday prayer for the first time. According to 1426 years of Islamic tradition, this is a first.
• 2010 – TRT Haber started broadcasting.
• 2020 – The Eurovision Song Contest has been postponed to 2021 due to the coronavirus pandemic.

Births

• 1609 – III. Frederick, king of Denmark and Norway (d. 1670)
• 1690 – Christian Goldbach, Russian mathematician (d. 1764)
• 1703 – Impavido L'leida, Spanish soprano (d. 1751)
• 1780 Milos Obrenovic, Serbian prince (d. 1860)
• 1782 – John C. Calhoun, American statesman (d. 1850)
• 1800 – Aleksa Simić, Serbian politician (d. 1872)
• 1809 – Joseph Jenkins Roberts, Liberian politician (d. 1876)
• 1813 – Friedrich Hebbel, German dramatist (d. 1863)
• 1826 – Joseph René Bellot, French Arctic explorer (d. 1853)
• 1828 – Randal Cremer, English Liberal pacifist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1908)
• 1830 – Fustel de Coulanges, French historian (d. 1889)
• 1837 – Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (d. 1908)
• 1842 – Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet (d. 1898)
• 1843 Jules Vandenpeereboom, Belgian politician (d. 1917)
• 1844 – Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian musician, composer, and music educator (d. 1908)
• 1856 – Alexander Izvolski, Russian diplomat (d. 1919)
• 1858 – Rudolf Diesel, German mechanical engineer and inventor of the Diesel engine (d. 1913)
• 1866 – Cemil Topuzlu, Turkish physician (founder of modern surgery in Turkey and mayor of Istanbul) (d. 1958)
• 1869 Neville Chamberlain, English politician (d. 1940)
• 1874 – Nikolay Berdyayev, Russian theologian and philosopher (leading Christian existentialism) sözcü(d. 1948)
• 1877 – Edgar Cayce, American psychic (d. 1945)
• 1879 – Varaztad Kazancıyan, Turkish Armenian plastic surgery specialist (d. 1968)
• 1880 – Walter Hohmann, German physicist (d. 1945)
• 1892 – Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın, Turkish journalist, writer, politician and diplomat (d. 1959)
• 1905 Robert Donat, English actor (d. 1958)
• 1912 – Toto Karaca, Armenian-born Turkish opera, theater and cinema artist (d. 1992)
• 1913 – René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)
• 1915 – Refet Angın, Turkish teacher (d. 2015)
• 1922 – Seymour Martin Lipset, American sociologist (d. 2006)
• 1929 – Christa Wolf, German novelist and screenwriter (d. 2011)
• 1932 – John Updike, American author (d. 2009)
• 1935 – Frances Cress Welsing, American Africanologist and psychiatrist (d. 2016)
• 1936 – FW de Klerk, South African politician and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 2021)
• 1940 – Namık Ekin, Turkish soldier and judoka
• 1942 – Roman Perihan, Turkish soprano, painter, model and actress (d. 2016)
• 1953 – Nilgün Belgün, Turkish TV series, cinema and theater actress
• 1956 – Luc Besson, French filmmaker
• 1959 – Gökalp Baykal, Turkish musician, architect, lecturer and writer
• 1960 – Richard Biggs, American actor (d. 2004)
• 1965 – Robin Sharma, Indian-Canadian writer
• 1968 – Burçin Bildik, Turkish actress and musician
• 1969 – Bekir Aksoy, Turkish actor
• 1969 - Vassily Ivanchuk, Ukrainian chess player
• 1972 – Necmi Yapıcı, Turkish TV series and movie actor
• 1973 – Vural Çelik, Turkish cinema, theater and TV series actor
• 1979 – Adam Levine, American singer and composer
• 1979 - Danneel Harris, American actress
• 1980 – Alexey Yagudin, Russian figure skater
• 1980 – Natalia Poklonskaya, Ukrainian lawyer and former Prosecutor General of the Republic of Crimea
• 1981 – Laura Pergolizzi, American singer-songwriter
• 1982 – Paola Cardullo, Italian volleyball player
• 1988 -Tanju Şahin, Turkish football player
• 1989 – Lily Collins, American actress, model, and TV reporter
• 1994 – Ali İsmail Korkmaz, Turkish student (d. 2013)
• 1999 – Neslihan Demir, Turkish basketball player

Deaths

• 235 – Alexander Severus, Roman emperor (b. 208)
• 1584 – IV. Ivan (Ivan the Terrible), Czar of Russia (b. 1530)
• 1745 – Robert Walpole, English politician (b. 1676)
• 1768 – Laurence Sterne, Irish writer (b. 1713)
• 1869 – Pauline Fourès, French painter and novelist (b. 1778)
• 1871 – Augustus De Morgan, British mathematician and logician (b. 1806)
• 1876 ​​– Ferdinand Freiligrath, German translator and poet (b. 1810)
• 1913 – George I, King of Greece (b. 1845)
• 1929 – Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi, Uzbek poet, writer and literary translator (b. 1889)
• 1936 – Eleftherios Venizelos, Greek politician (b. 1864)
• 1937 – Mélanie Bonis, French late Romantic composer (b. 1858)
• 1945 – Teyfuk Abdul, Hero of the Soviet Union Medal, Crimean Tatar soldier (b. 1915)
• 1964 – Norbert Wiener, American mathematician and founder of cybernetics (b. 1894)
• 1965 – Faruk I, King of Egypt (b. 1920)
• 1967 – Julio Baghy, Hungarian actor (b. 1891)
• 1977 – Marien Ngouabi, Congolese soldier and politician (b. 1938)
• 1980 – Erich Fromm, American sociologist (b. 1900)
• 1981 – Cahide Sonku, Turkish cinema and theater actress (the first female film director and the first female star of Turkish cinema) (b. 1919)
• 1982 – Vasily Chuykov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1900)
• 1986 – Bernard Malamud, American author (b. 1914)
• 1993 – Beyhan Cenkçi, Turkish journalist (b. 1935)
• 1995 – Sadri Alışık, Turkish filmmaker (b. 1925)
• 1996 – Odysseus Elitis, Greek poet and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
• 2008 – Anthony Minghella, British film director (b. 1954)
• 2009 – Natasha Richardson, British actress (b. 1963)
• 2017 – Chuck Berry, American musician (b. 1926)
• 2021 – Mehmet Genç, Turkish historian (b. 1934)

Holidays and special occasions

• Çanakkale Martyrs' Day
• Respect for the Elderly Week
• Withdrawal of Russian and Armenian troops from Karayazı district of Erzurum (1918)
• Withdrawal of Russian and Armenian troops from the Narman district of Erzurum (1918)
• Withdrawal of Russian and Armenian troops from Tekman district of Erzurum (1918)