Today in History: Dolmabahçe Mosque Opened for Worship

March 23 is the 82th day of the year (83st in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 283.

Railways

• 23 March 1861 A new contract was signed with the Ottoman Railway company from İzmir to Aydın.
• 23 March 1920 Ankara-Eskişehir-Ulukışla and Eskişehir-Bilecik lines 20. He went through the corps.
• 23 1924 449 65 million was allocated to the construction of Samsun-Sivas and Ankara-Musaköy line by the law numbered XNUMX.
• 23 March 1935 Afyon-Karakuyu was connected to each other. Atatürk at the opening; “The absence of this line, the country's defense suffered a lot. He said it is possible or not to have a hundred thousand oxen do the work that such a short line will do in the defense of the country.
• 23 March 1971 TCDD's capital was increased from 2,5 billion to 8 billion.
• 23 March 2017 First Test Drive of Akçaray Tramway Project under Construction by Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality
• The introduction of the New Generation National Freight Wagon produced by TÜDEMSAŞ on 23 March 2017 was held in Sivas with the participation of UHB Minister Ahmet Aslan.

Events

• 625 – The Battle of Uhud began between the Muslims and the Quraysh in Arabia.
• 1791 - Dutch women's rights activist Etta Palm d'Aelders founded women's clubs known as the Confederation of Friends of Truth.
• 1801 – Alexander I becomes Tsar of the Russian Empire.
• 1839 - "OK" sözcüIt was first recorded in the (oll correct) Boston Morning Post.
• 1848 - Hungary declared its independence from Austria.
• 1855 – Dolmabahçe Mosque was opened for worship.
• 1903 - The Wright Brothers apply for a patent for their first fixed-wing aircraft.
• 1918 – The Don Soviet Republic is proclaimed after the White Army withdrew from the region as part of the Russian Civil War.
• 1919 - Benito Mussolini founded the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento party in Italy. On November 9, 1921, the National Fascist Party was founded.
• 1921 – II. The Battle of İnönü started. Greek troops launched a two-pronged attack from Uşak and Bursa towards Afyon and Eskişehir.
• 1923 – The Turks, who came from Thessaloniki as a result of the population exchange, reached Didim.
• 1925 - "Ben Hur", the most expensive film of the silent cinema era ($3.9 million), is released.
• 1931 – The law obliging Turkish children to have their primary education in Turkish schools was passed.
• 1933 - The Reichstag, the German National Assembly, gave Adolf Hitler the authority to rule the country by decrees.
• 1946 – Zekeriya Sertel and Sabiha Sertel, Cami Baykut and Halil Lütfi Dordund were sentenced to various prison sentences. Later, the decision was overturned by the Supreme Court and the journalists were released.
• 1956 - Pakistan becomes the first Islamic Republic.
• 1959 – Öncü newspaper, published in Ankara, was closed indefinitely.
• 1971 – The friends of Deniz Gezmiş, one of the leaders of the People's Liberation Army of Turkey, Hüseyin İnan and Mehmet Nakipoğlu were captured.
• 1972 – President Cevdet Sunay; Deniz Gezmiş approved the death sentences for Yusuf Aslan and Hüseyin İnan.
• 1974 – The government allowed the graves of Adnan Menderes, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan, who were buried on İmralı Island, to be moved to another location.
• 1977 – The author of the book “Beginning to Philosophy” taught in high schools, Prof. Nebahat Küyel was tried for the allegation of humiliating the Alevis.
• 1979 – Former MSP Deputy Halit Kahraman was caught in Greece while smuggling heroin.
• 1982 – Uğur Mumcu, in his column, “Terror is primarily the enemy of democracy. If we look at it from this point of view, we cannot say, "Before September 12, 1980, there was freedom of thought in Turkey, the Constitution is in force, democracy is fully functioning": we cannot be convincing.” Wrote.
• 1989 - Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann of the University of Utah announce their discovery of cold fusion.
• 1990 – Thousands of people marched in Cizre.
• 1992 – Sabah Newspaper reporter İzzet Kezer, who was watching the clashes between the security forces and the demonstrators in the events that broke out in the Cizre district of Şırnak, was shot in the head and died.
• 1994 - Mexican Presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio was assassinated during election preparations.
• 1994 – An Airbus A310 type passenger plane of Russian Airlines Aeroflot crashes in Siberia; 75 people died.
• 1996 – Students protested tuition fees in Ankara. After the events, the Police entered the Faculty of Language, History and Geography building and detained 127 students. 51 police officers and 100 students were injured in the incidents.
• 1996 – Welfare Party Deputy Chairman Oğuzhan Asiltürk accused the Turkish Armed Forces of being hostile to religion.
• 1998 – Most of the draft laws including the measures to be taken in the fight against reactionaryism were signed in the Council of Ministers.
• 1999 - Paraguayan Vice President Luis María Argaña is assassinated.
• 2000 – Galatasaray football team defeated Mallorca 4-1 in the first away match in the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup, also at Ali Sami Yen Stadium, and became a semi-finalist.
• 2001 - NATO admits to using depleted uranium shells in the Kosovo War.
• 2001 – The mission of the Soviet space station Mir is terminated.
• 2004 – As a result of the research carried out within the scope of the "Martyrs' Geography" project carried out by the General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks in the Gallipoli Peninsula Historical National Park, the real martyrdom where two thousand soldiers were buried was found.
• 2008 – Ilhan Selçuk, who was taken into custody as part of the "Ergenekon" investigation, was released after the prosecution's interrogation and he was banned from going abroad.

Births

• 1614 – Cihanara Begum, daughter of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (d. 1681)
• 1643 – María de León Bello y Delgado, Catholic nun and mystic (d. 1731)
• 1749 – Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1827)
• 1795 – Bernt Michael Holmboe, Norwegian mathematician (d. 1850)
• 1823 – Schuyler Colfax, American journalist, businessman, and politician (d. 1885)
• 1825 – Theodor Bilharz, German physician (d. 1862)
• 1829 – NR Pogson, English astronomer (d. 1891)
• 1853 – Muzaffereddin Shah, Shah of Iran (d. 1907)
• 1858 – Ludwig Quidde, German pacifist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1941)
• 1864 – Sándor Simonyi-Semadam, Hungarian Prime Minister (d. 1946)
• 1868 Dietrich Eckart, German politician (d. 1923)
• 1876 ​​– Ziya Gokalp, Turkish poet (d. 1924)
• 1878 Henry Weed Fowler, American zoologist (d. 1965)
• 1881 – Hermann Staudinger, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (d. 1965)
• 1881 – Roger Martin du Gard, French writer and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
• 1882 – Amalie Emmy Noether, German mathematician (d. 1935)
• 1883 – Andrey Bubnov, Bolshevik revolutionary, leader of the October Revolution, member of the Left Opposition (d. 1938)
• 1887 – Josef Čapek, Czech painter and writer (d. 1945)
• 1887 – Juan Gris, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1927)
• 1887 – Edward Courtney Boyle, Royal Navy officer (d. 1967)
• 1892 – Walter Krüger, soldier in Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Saxony (d. 1973)
• 1893 – Cedric Gibbons, American art director and production designer (d. 1960)
• 1898 – Erich Bey, commander of Nazi Germany's destroyer fleet (d. 1943)
• 1899 – Louis Adamic, American journalist and author (d. 1951)
• 1900 – Erich Fromm, American psychoanalyst and social philosopher (d. 1980)
• 1903 – Frank Sargeson, New Zealand author and novelist (d. 1982)
• 1904 – Joan Crawford, American actress (d. 1977)
• 1905 Lale Andersen, German singer (Lili Marleen known for) (d. 1972)
• 1907 – Daniel Bovet, Swiss pharmacologist (d. 1992)
• 1909 – Ahmet Akhundov, literary critic, writer, poet, translator and Turkmen university professor (d. 1943)
• 1910 – Akira Kurosawa, Japanese film director (d. 1998)
• 1912 – Wernher von Braun, German scientist (d. 1977)
• 1913 – Abidin Dino, Turkish painter, cartoonist, writer and film director (d. 1993)
• 1915 – Vasily Zaitsev, USSR sniper (d. 1991)
• 1927 – Şükran Kurdakul, Turkish poet, writer and researcher (d. 2004)
• 1933 – Hayes Alan Jenkins, USSR figure skater
• 1933 - Philip Zimbardo, American psychologist (known for the Stanford prison experiment)
• 1936 – Yalçın Otağ, Turkish actor and comedian (d. 2014)
• 1937 – Ibrahim Abuleysh, Egyptian businessman (d. 2017)
• 1939 – Pervin Par, Turkish film actor (d. 2015)
• 1942 – Michael Haneke, Austrian film director
• 1944 – Michael Nyman, British minimal music composer
• 1945 – Leyla Demiriş, Turkish soprano and opera singer (d. 2016)
• 1948 – Chantal Lauby, French actress, screenwriter and film director
• 1952 – Rex Tillerson, American businessman, civil engineer, and politician
• 1953 – Chaka Khan, American singer
• 1955 – İsmail Rüştü Cirit, Turkish lawyer
• 1956 – Jose Manuel Durao Barroso, Portuguese politician
• 1956 – Talat Bulut, Turkish theater and voice actor
• 1959 – Numan Kurtulmuş, Turkish academic, writer and politician
• 1963 – Michel, Spanish football player and manager
• 1964 – Okan Bayülgen, Turkish television programmer and actor
• 1965 – Aneta Kręglika, Miss World 1989 from Poland
• 1966 – Caner Beklim, Turkish radio producer and music director
• 1968 - Fernando Hierro, Spanish football player
• 1971 – Yasmeen Ghauri, Canadian model
• 1973 - Jason Kidd, American basketball player
• 1973 – Jerzy Dudek, Polish football player
• 1975 – Burak Gürpınar, Turkish musician
• 1976 – Michelle Monaghan, American actress
• 1977 - Maxim Marinin, Russian figure skater
• 1978 – Bora Duran, Turkish singer
• 1978 – Walter Samuel, Argentine football player
• 1981 – Mesut Süre, Turkish radio programmer and stand up artist
• 1983 - Hakan Kadir Balta, Turkish football player
• 1985 – Bethanie Mattek-Sands, American tennis player
• 1985 - Memphis Monroe, American porn actress
• 1991 – Bensu Soral, Turkish actress
• 1993 – Aytac Kara, Turkish football player
• 1993 – Buğrahan Tuncer, Turkish basketball player
• 1995 – Ozan Tufan, Turkish football player

Deaths

• 59 – Young Agrippina, Roman Empress (b. 15)
• 1022 – Zhenzong, third emperor of China's Song Dynasty (b. 968)
• 1589 – Marcin Krome, Polish cartographer, diplomat, and historian (b. 1512)
• 1801 – Pavel I, Tsar of Russia (b. 1754)
• 1819 – August von Kotzebue, German playwright and author (b. 1761)
• 1829 – Richard Anthony Salisbury, English botanist (b. 1761)
• 1842 – Stendhal, French writer (b. 1783)
• 1854 – Johannes Søbøtker, merchant in the Danish West Indies (b. 1777)
• 1891 – Anne Lynch Botta, American poet, author, and teacher (b. 1815)
• 1923 – Karekin Pastirmajian, Armenian politician (b. 1872)
• 1923 – Hovhannes Tumanyan, Armenian poet and novelist (b. 1869)
• 1945 – Napier Shaw, British meteorologist (b. 1854)
• 1953 – Raoul Dufy, French painter (b. 1877)
• 1956 – Evariste Lévi-Provençal, French medieval historian, orientalist, scholar of Arabic Language and Literature, and Islamic historian (b. 1894)
• 1958 – Florian Znaniecki, Polish philosopher and sociologist (b. 1882)
• 1960 – Said Nursi, Islamic thinker and commentator (author of the Risale-i Nur Collection and founding leader of the Nur Community) (b. 1878)
• 1964 – Peter Lorre, Austro-Hungarian-American actor (b. 1904)
• 1964 – Mehmet Necati Lugal, professor of Turkish literature (b. 1878)
• 1973 – Şevkiye May, Turkish theater, operetta and film actress (b. 1915)
• 1986 – Étienne Mattler, French former international football player (b. 1905)
• 1986 – Anastasiya Platonovna Zuyeva, Soviet actress (b. 1896)
• 1987 – Nevzat Süer, Turkish chess player (b. 1925)
• 1990 – John Dexter, English theater, film and opera director (b. 1925)
• 1992 – Friedrich August von Hayek, Austrian economist and Nobel Prize laureate in Economics (b. 1899)
• 1992 – İzzet Kezer, Turkish journalist (b. 1954)
• 1993 – Robert Crichton, American novelist (b. 1925)
• 1994 – Giulietta Masina, Italian actress (b. 1921)
• 1995 – Cevad Memduh Altar, Turkish art historian (b. 1902)
• 2006 – Pío Leyva, Cuban musician (b. 1917)
• 2011 – Ali Teoman, Turkish writer (b. 1962)
• 2011 – Elizabeth Taylor, English actress (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, Somali politician and 6th President (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Adolfo Suárez, Spanish politician (b. 1932)
• 2015 – Lee Kuan Yew, Singaporean statesman (b. 1923)
• 2017 – Lola Albright, American actress and singer (b. 1924)
• 2017 – Julien Serge Doubrovsky, French writer (b. 1928)
• 2017 – William Henry Keeler, American cardinal (b. 1931)
• 2017 – Denis Nikolayevich Voronenkov, Russian politician (b. 1971)
• 2018 – Ercüment Balakoğlu, Turkish cinema and TV series actor (b. 1937)
• 2019 – Lawrence G. Cohen, American film producer, director, and screenwriter (b. 1941)
• 2020 – Lucia Bosè, Italian actress and model (b. 1931)
• 2021 – George Segal, Jr., American theater, film, television actor, voice actor, comedian, and musician (b. 1934)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Meteorology Day
• Storm of Kozkavuran