Today in History: TOFAŞ Bursa Automobile Factory Opened with a Ceremony

February 12 is the 43nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 322.

Railways

• February 12, 1851 Egyptian Governor Abbas Pasha gave the concession to build the Alexandria-Cairo Line to England. The press reacted to this concession without the approval of the Porte. During the construction, Egypt Hıdivi was granted a construction permit, provided that the public was not employed free of charge, new taxes were not imposed on the railway and no stability (debt) was made.
• 12 February In the request of the concession of the American company 1922, a statement has been sent from Nafia Ministry to Akşam Newspaper.

Events

• 1502 - Vasco da Gama embarks on his second voyage from Lisbon to India.
• 1541 - Santiago, (Chile) was founded by Pedro de Valdivia.
• 1818 - Chile declared its independence from Spain.
• 1859 – Civil Service School was opened with the participation of Grand Vizier Âli Pasha and members of the government.
• 1870 - Women gain the right to vote in Utah.
• 1879 – The first artificial ice rink in the North American Continent was opened at New York's Madison Square Garden indoor gym.
• 1912 - 6-year-old Emperor Puyi of China is deposed. Thus, the two thousand-year-old Chinese Empire and the 267-year-old Manchu Dynasty came to an end.
• 1912 - The use of the Gregorian Calendar begins in China.
• 1920 – Turkish War of Independence: Turkish Armed Forces took Kahramanmaraş under French rule.
• 1929 – Trotsky, ex-commissioner of war exiled by Stalin, arrived in Istanbul on a ship called “Ilyich”.
• 1934 – Civil war broke out in Austria.
• 1937 – The house where Atatürk was born in Thessaloniki was purchased from the owner by the Municipality of Thessaloniki and allocated to Atatürk's order.
• 1951 – 17-year-old Sureyya Isfendiari Bakhtiari married the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, at the Golestan Palace in Tehran.
• 1956 – Cartoonist Turhan Selçuk received the Platinum Palm Award at the International Bordighera Humor Festival.
• 1961 – USSR to planet Venus Venus 1 sent the spacecraft.
• 1971 – The automobile factory of Turkish Automobile Factory Inc. (TOFAŞ) in Bursa was opened with a ceremony attended by President Cevdet Sunay and Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel. The factory started the production of “Murat 124” type cars with Fiat license.
• 1975 – The Turkish Labor Party was founded by Mihri Belli.
• 1988 – Dr. The claim of Ziya Özel's cancer treatment with "oleander" was given as "news" by TRT.
• 1990 – Producers protesting the government's announced tobacco prices took to the streets in Akhisar, 200 people were detained.
• 1990 - Super Mario Bros. The video game 3 was released in the US.
• 1993 – Two 10-year-old boys kidnapped and killed 2-year-old James Bulger in the United Kingdom.
• 1994 – Olympic Winter Games started in Lillehammer (Norway).
• 1994 – A time bomb placed in a trash can exploded at Tuzla train station: 5 people died, including 6 reserve officers and one civilian; 29 people, including civilians, were injured.
• 2001 - The NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft landed on the surface of the asteroid 433 Eros.
• 2002 – An Iranian Airways Tupolev Tu-154 passenger plane crashed in Khorramabad (Iran) while it was about to land: 119 people were killed.
• 2002 – The trial of former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević begins at the UN war crimes tribunal. Milošević died before this process ended.
• 2010 – Winter Olympics started in Vancouver (Canada).

Births

• 41 – Britannicus, son of Roman Emperor Claudius and his third wife, Roman Empress Messalina (d. 55)
• 1218 – Kujō Yoritsune, fourth shogun of the Kamakura shogunate (d. 1256)
• 1536 – Leonardo Donato, 90th Duke of the Republic of Venice (d. 1612)
• 1644 – Jakob Ammann, Anabaptist leader and founder of the Amish (d. ?)
• 1756 – Joseph Chinard, French sculptor (d. 1813)
• 1768 – II. Franz, Roman-Germanic Emperor (d. 1835)
• 1800 – John Edward Gray, British zoologist (d. 1875)
• 1809 – Abraham Lincoln, American lawyer, politician, and 16th President of the United States (d. 1865)
• 1809 – Charles Robert Darwin, English naturalist (d. 1882)
• 1814 – Jenny von Westphalen, wife of Karl Marx (d. 1881)
• 1841 – Gijsbert van Tienhoven, Dutch politician (d. 1914)
• 1847 – Albert Gould, Australian politician and lawyer (d. 1936)
• 1855 – Fannie Barrier Williams, American social reformer, orator, and women's organizer (d. 1944)
• 1856 – Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli, marshal of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (d. 1941)
• 1861 – Lou Andreas-Salomé, Russian-born psychoanalyst and writer (d. 1937)
• 1870 – Jonas Smilgevičius, Lithuanian economist, investor, and politician (d. 1942)
• 1874 – Auguste Perret, French architect (d. 1954)
• 1877 – Louis Renault, French businessman who founded Renault (d. 1944)
• 1881 – Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina (d. 1931)
• 1885 – James Scott, African-American composer (d. 1938)
• 1888 – Hans von Sponeck, German general, gymnast, and football player (d. 1944)
• 1891 – Robert Patterson, 55th United States Secretary of War (d. 1952)
• 1892 – Theodor Plievier, German writer (d. 1955)
• Omar Bradley, American soldier (d. 1981)
• Steingrímur Steinþórsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1966)
• Giovanni Muzio, Italian architect and academic (d. 1982)
• 1895 – Onn Jafar, Malay politician (d. 1962)
• 1900 – Vasily Chuykov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1982)
• 1915 – Lorne Greene, American actress (d. 1987)
• 1926 – Irene Camber, Italian fencer
• 1927 – Niyazi Sayın, Turkish ney player, marbling artist and photographer
• 1931 – Francisco Manosa, Filipino architect
• 1932 – Rami Garipov, Bashkir national poet, writer and playwright (d. 1977)
• 1933 – Constantin Costa-Gavras, Greek film director
• 1934 - Bill Russell, American basketball player
• 1936 – Oktay Araıcı, Turkish playwright and screenwriter (d. 1985)
• 1939 – Ray Manzarek, American keyboardist (The Doors) (d. 2013)
• 1940 – Pablo Hernández, Colombian cyclist (d. 2021)
• 1941 – Aydın Engin, Turkish journalist, playwright, screenwriter and politician
• 1941 – Selçuk Uluergüven, Turkish cinema, theater and TV series actor (d. 2014)
• 1942 – Ehud Barak, Prime Minister of Israel
• 1946 – Ajda Pekkan, Turkish singer and film actress
• 1953 - Nabil Shaban, English actor
• 1955 – Arsenio Hall, American TV producer
• 1964 – Adnan Aybaba, Turkish national sailor and football commentator
• 1968 – Christopher McCandless, American traveler (d. 1992)
• 1968 – Josh Brolin, American film and television actor
• 1969 – Darren Aronofsky, American film director and screenwriter
• 1969 – Alemayehu Atomsa, Ethiopian politician (d. 2014)
• 1975 – Regla Torres, Cuban volleyball player
• 1976 – Silvia Saint, Czech pornographic film actress
• 1977 – Lerzan Mutlu, Turkish singer and presenter
• 1979 - Jesse Spencer, Australian actor
• 1980 – Christina Ricci, American actress
• 1982 – Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu, better known by his stage name Bobi Wine, was a Ugandan politician, singer, actor, and businessman.
• 1988 – Claudio Acosta, Argentine football player
• 1991 – Earvin Ngapeth, French volleyball player
• 1993 – Jennifer Stone, American actress

Deaths

• 901 – II. Antonios was the Greek Orthodox patriarch (b.?) from 893 to 12 February 901.
• 1554 – Jane Gray, Queen of England (b. 1536)
• 1554 – Guilford Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, son of John Dudley (b. 1535)
• 1627 – Charles I, prince of Liechtenstein (b. 1569)
• 1673 – Johann Philipp von Schönborn, German clergyman (b. 1605)
• 1713 – Jahandar Shah, eighth shah of the Mughal Empire (b. 1661)
• 1730 – Luca Carlevarijs, Italian painter and engraver (b. 1663)
• 1759 – Mohammed I, third chief of the Huseyni Dynasty and Principality of Tunis (b. 1710)
• 1771 – Adolf Frederick, king of Sweden (b. 1710)
• 1798 – II. Stanisław August Poniatowski, last king of Poland (b. 1732)
• 1799 – Lazzaro Spallanzani, Italian biologist and Catholic priest (b. 1729)
• 1804 – Immanuel Kant, German philosopher (b. 1724)
• 1856 – Giuseppe Donizetti, Italian musician and founder of the first Turkish band Mızıka-yı Hümâyun (b. 1788)
• 1870 – Jacob de Kempenaer, second Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1793)
• 1885 – Anthony W. Gardiner, Liberian lawyer and politician (b. 1820)
• 1894 – Hans von Bülow, German pianist and composer (b. 1830)
• 1896 – Ambroise Thomas, French opera composer (b. 1811)
• 1899 – Adile Sultan, Turkish Divan literature poet (b. 1826)
• 1916 – Richard Dedekind, German mathematician (b. 1831)
• 1933 – Henri Duparc, French composer (b. 1848)
• 1934 – Cenap Şahabettin, Turkish poet, writer and doctor (b. 1870)
• 1935 – Kai Donner, Finnish linguist, ethnographer, and politician (b. 1888)
• 1939 – Søren Sørensen, Danish biochemist (b. 1868)
• 1942 – Grant Wood, American painter (b. 1891)
• 1949 – Hassan al-Banna, Egyptian political and religious leader (founder of the Muslim Brotherhood movement) (b. 1906)
• 1954 – Dziga Vertov, Russian film director and film theorist (b. 1896)
• 1969 – Vahi Öz, Turkish theater and cinema artist (“Rooster Nuri” of Turkish cinema) (b. 1911)
• 1974 – Willy Meller, German sculptor (b. 1887)
• 1976 – Sal Mineo, American actor (b. 1939)
• 1976 – John Lewis, British Marxist thinker (b. 1889)
• 1979 – Jean Renoir, French film director (b. 1894)
• 1983 – Eubie Blake, American pianist and composer (b. 1887)
• 1984 – Julio Cortázar, Argentine writer (b. 1914)
• 1984 – Mahmut Sami Ramazanoğlu, Erenköy Community Leader (b. 1892)
• 1996 – Bob Shaw, Northern Irish science fiction writer (b. 1931)
• 1989 – Thomas Bernhard, Austrian writer (b. 1931)
• 2000 – Charles Schulz, American cartoonist and comic book illustrator (Snoopy) (b. 1922)
• 2001 – Nezih Demirkent, Turkish journalist and President of the Turkish Journalists Association (b. 1930)
• 2007 – Yavuz Sabuncu, Turkish academic and constitutional lawyer (b. 1948)
• 2010 – Nodar Kumaritasvili, Georgian sledgeman (b. 1988)
• 2011 – Betty Garrett, American singer, comedian, and film actress (b. 1919)
• 2011 – Kenneth Mars, American actor and voice actor (b. 1935)
• 2012 – Zina Bethune, American actress, dancer, and choreographer (b. 1945)
• 2012 – David Kelly, Irish actor (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Tekin Akmansoy, Turkish theater and cinema artist (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Sid Caesar, American actor and comedian (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Maggie Estep, American poet and singer (b. 1963)
• 2015 – David Carr, American columnist and journalist (b. 1956)
• 2015 – Movita Castaneda, American actress (b. 1916)
• 2015 – Gary Owens, American radio personality and voice actor (b. 1934)
• 2015 – Steve Strange, Welsh pop singer (b. 1956)
• 2016 – Dominique D'Onofrio, Italian-born Belgian manager and former football player (b. 1953)
• 2017 – Herminio Bautista, Filipino comedian, director, actor, and politician (b. 1934)
• 2017 – Jay Bontatibus, American actor (b. 1964)
• 2017 – Barbara Carroll, American jazz pianist and singer (b. 1925)
• 2017 – Damian is an English pop singer (b. 1964)
• 2017 – Alwin Lopez “Al” Jarreau, American jazz singer (b. 1940)
• 2017 – Quentin Moses, American football player (b. 1983)
• 2017 – Krystyna Sienkiewicz, Polish female singer and actress (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Marty Allen, American actor, comedian, activist, and author (b. 1922)
• 2018 – Fethiye Mazali, Tunisian educator and politician (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Françoise Xenakis, French journalist, screenwriter and novelist (b. 1930)
• 2019 – Rolf Böhme, German politician (b. 1934)
• 2019 – Lyndon LaRouche, American activist, politician, and author (b. 1922)
• 2019 – Olli Lindholm, Finnish singer and guitarist (b. 1964)
• 2019 – Pedro Morales, Puerto Rican male professional wrestler (b. 1942)
• 2019 – Erdoğan Hot, Turkish theatre, TV series and film actor (b. 1940)
• 2019 – Marisa Solinas, Italian actress, singer and songwriter (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Christie Blatchford, Canadian columnist, journalist, war correspondent and broadcaster (b. 1951)
• 2021 – Maurizio Mattei, Italian football referee and sports manager (b. 1942)

Holidays and special occasions

• Liberation of Kahramanmaraş from the French occupation (1920)