Today in History: Red Army Enters Tbilisi, Capital of Georgia

February 25 is the 56nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 309.

Railways

• In the Ottoman-Hirsch conflict, on February 25, 1889, the 5th referee was required due to the contract. German jurist Gneist decided to pay Hirsch 27 million 500 thousand francs to the Ottoman State. After this decision, Hirsch decided to withdraw from Rumeli railways. Transferred its shares to Deutch Bank and Vienna Bank-Verein Vienna Banks Group). Construction was unfinished and the lines passed under the control of the Germans.
• 25 February 1892 Mehmet Şakir Pasha presented his thoughts on the proposal of İzzet Efendi to the Sultan in a report. Şakir Pasha argued that the railway between Damascus and Medina should be built.
• 25 February The 1909 Chester Project was presented to the government.

Events

• 1836 - Samuel Colt patented the gun he produced (Colt pistol).
• 1921 – Red Army's intervention in Georgia: The Red Army entered the Georgian capital, Tbilisi.
• 1925 – The Law of Treason-i Vataniye was amended: Religion will not be used as a political tool and this crime will be considered treason.
• 1932 - Adolf Hitler was granted German citizenship. Thus, it was possible to participate in the presidential elections of the Weimar Republic to be held in 1932.
• 1933 – The Turkish ban imposed by the Belgian Director of the French Wagon-Li Company was reacted. (see The Wagon-Li Incident)
• 1933 - The first US navy ship built as an aircraft carrier, USS Ranger was launched into the sea.
• 1943 – The body of Talat Pasha, embalmed in Germany, was brought to Istanbul. He was buried on the Hürriyet-i Ebediye Hill on the same day.
• 1952 – The “scientific commission” established in the Prime Ministry determined the antidemocratic articles in the Constitution; There are 40 undemocratic laws in the Constitution.
• 1954 – Gamal Abdel Nasser became prime minister of Egypt.
• 1964 – Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay) defeated Sonny Liston to become the heavyweight boxing champion in the Miami Beach-Florida match.
• 1968 – The second “Awakening Meeting” was held in Istanbul Taksim Square. The purpose of the rally; It was to condemn the attack on the Deputies of the Workers' Party of Turkey in the Parliament.
• 1980 – Military service accepted; workers abroad will not do military service if they pay 20.000 Marks.
• 1984 – The screening of the movie “A Season in Hakkari” was banned by the Martial Law Command.
• 1986 – Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos fled the Country after 20 years of rule. Corazon Aquino came to power.
• 1990 – President Daniel Ortega, leader of the Sandinistas, lost the elections in Nicaragua to Violeta Chamorro.
• 1991 - Iraq announces its decision to withdraw from Kuwait. Thus, the "Desert Storm" operation, carried out by the American troops and the Allied Forces, came to an end. A ceasefire agreement was signed on February 28.
• 1991 – The Warsaw Pact was dissolved.
• 1994 – Ibrahim Mosque Massacre: In Hebron, a West Bank city, 29 Palestinians were killed and 125 injured as a result of the gunfire opened by a Jew named Baruch Goldstein. Goldstein was lynched by the angry mob. In the riots that followed, 26 Palestinians and 9 Israelis died.
• 1994 – Germany started an investigation about the money sent by the Welfare Party to Germany under the name of “aiding Bosnia”.
• 1994 – The Democracy Party (DEP) decided not to participate in the local elections.
• 2000 - Carlos Santana won 8 Grammy Awards at once. He equaled the 'the record for the artist to win the most Grammys at one time', which was previously broken by Michael Jackson with his album 'Thriller'.
• 2003 – Regarding the Iraq crisis, the Prime Ministry's Mandate was submitted to the Turkish Grand National Assembly to authorize the government to send the Turkish Armed Forces to foreign countries and to have foreign armed forces in Turkey.
• 2008 – An investigation was launched against the singer Bülent Ersoy with the allegation of 'turning people off from military service' because of the words he said in a program. At the decision hearing on 18 December, the Court Panel; He acquitted Ersoy, considering his words "If I had given birth to a child, I would not have sent him to the army" within the scope of freedom of thought.
• 2009 – Turkish Airlines Flight 1951: The plane, which took off from Istanbul at 8:22, crashed into 3 pieces before landing at Schipol Airport.

Births

• 1543 – Şeref Khan, Kurdish statesman and historian (d. 1603)
• 1643 – II. Ahmed, 21st Ottoman Sultan (d. 1695)
• 1707 – Carlo Goldoni, Italian playwright (d. 1793)
• 1778 – José de San Martín, South American revolutionary (d. 1850)
• 1794 – Gerrit Schimmelpenninck, Dutch businessman and statesman (d. 1863)
• 1812 – Carl Christian Hall, Danish statesman (d. 1888)
• 1835 – Matsukata Masayoshi, fourth prime minister of Japan (d. 1924)
• 1841 – Pierre-Auguste Renoir, French painter and sculptor (d. 1919)
• 1846 – Giuseppe De Nittis, Italian painter (d. 1884)
• 1848 – II. William, last King of the Kingdom of Württemberg (d. 1921)
• 1859 – Vasil Kutinchev, Bulgarian soldier (d. 1941)
• 1861 – Rudolf Steiner, Austrian philosopher, educator, author, and founder of anthroposophy (d. 1925)
• 1861 – Meir Dizengoff, third mayor of Tel Aviv (d. 1936)
• 1862 Helen Bannerman, Scottish author (d. 1946)
• 1865 – Andranik Ozanyan, Ottoman Armenian guerrilla leader (d. 1927)
• 1865 – Charles Ernest Overton, British biophysicist and pharmacologist (d. 1933)
• 1866 – Benedetto Croce, Italian philosopher (d. 1952)
• 1868 – Mehmet Ali Ayni, Turkish bureaucrat (d. 1945)
• 1869 – Phoebus Levene, American biochemist (d. 1940)
• 1873 – Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor (d. 1921)
• 1874 – Henri Prost, French architect and urban planner (d. 1959)
• 1876 ​​– Philip Graves, British journalist and author (d. 1953)
• 1881 – Alexei Rykov, Bolshevik revolutionary (d. 1938)
• 1882 Carlos Brown, Argentine football player (d. 1926)
• 1885 – Alice, Princess of Battenberg (d. 1969)
• 1888 – John Foster Dulles, American lawyer and politician (d. 1959)
• 1896 – Ida Noddack, German chemist and physicist (d. 1978)
• 1898 – William Astbury, English physicist and molecular biologist (d. 1961)
• 1899 – Leo Weisgerber, German linguist (d. 1985)
• 1907 – Sabahattin Ali, Turkish writer (d. 1948)
• 1917 – Anthony Burgess, English novelist and critic (d. 1993)
• 1917 – Brenda Joyce, American actress (d. 2009)
• 1918 – Hasan Kavruk, Turkish painter and educator (d. 2007)
• 1922 – Handan Adalı, Turkish cinema artist (d. 1993)
• 1926 – Masatoshi Gündüz Ikeda, Japanese-born Turkish mathematician (d. 2003)
• 1931 – Şükran Ay, Turkish classical music artist (d. 2011)
• 1935 – Oktay Sinanoğlu, Turkish theoretical chemist and molecular biologist (d. 2015)
• 1936 – Aydemir Akbaş, Turkish screenwriter, director and film actor
• 1936 – Peter Hill-Wood, British businessman and former President of Premier League club Arsenal
• 1939 – Oscar Fritschi, Swiss politician and diplomat (d. 2016)
• 1943 – George Harrison, English musician and guitarist of The Beatles (d. 2001)
• 1947 – Ali Kocatepe, Turkish musician
• 1949 – Amin Maalouf, Lebanese-born French writer
• 1949 – Esmeray, Turkish actress and vocalist (d. 2002)
• 1949 – Sevil Atasoy, Turkish academician
• 1950 – Neil Jordan, Irish writer, screenwriter, and film director
• 1950 – Néstor Kirchner, Argentine politician (d. 2010)
• 1953 – José María Aznar, politician who served as Prime Minister of Spain
• 1957 – Gülsün Bilgehan, Turkish politician
• 1957 – Güzin Tural, Turkish academic and Turkish language researcher (d. 2006)
• 1957 – Remzi Evren, Turkish film actor (d. 2015)
• 1958 – Irade Ashumova, Azerbaijani shooter
• 1968 – Oumou Sangaré is a Malian artist
• 1969 – Neslihan Yeldan, Turkish theater, cinema-series actress and voice actor
• 1971 – Sean Astin, American actor, director, voice actor and producer
• 1973 – Bülent Özcan, Turkish poet
• 1974 – Cenk Isler, Turkish football player
• 1974 – Dominic Raab, British conservative politician, lawyer
• 1981 – Park Ji-sung is a South Korean former international football player.
• 1982 – Flavia Pennetta, Italian tennis player
• 1982 – Maria Kanellis, American professional wrestler, singer, songwriter, and model
• 1986 – James Phelps, English actor
• 1986 – Oliver Phelps, English actor
• 1988 – Mehmet Uslu, Turkish football player
• 1999 - Gianluigi Donnarumma, Italian football player

Deaths

• 806 – Tarasios, Greek Orthodox patriarch from 25 December 784 to 25 February 806 (b. 730)
• 1495 – Cem Sultan, Ottoman prince and son of Mehmet the Conqueror (b. 1459)
• 1634 – Albrecht von Wallenstein, Bohemian soldier (b. 1583)
• 1713 – Frederick I, King of Prussia (b. 1657)
• 1723 – Christopher Wren, English designer, astronomer, geometer, and architect (b. 1632)
• 1850 – Daoguang, 8th Emperor of the Chinese Qing Dynasty (b. 1782)
• 1852 – Thomas Moore, Irish poet, author, and composer (b. 1779)
• 1899 – Paul Reuter, German-English journalist and founder of Reuters Agency (b. 1816)
• 1906 – Anton Arenski, Russian composer (b. 1861)
• 1910 – ‎Worthington Whittredge, American‎‎ painter and educator (‎b. 1820)
• 1911 – Friedrich Spielhagen, German novelist, literary theorist, and translator (b. 1829)
• 1914 – John Tenniel, English illustrator, graphic humorist, and political cartoonist (b. 1820)
• 1922 – Henri Désiré Landru, French serial killer (b. 1869)
• 1928 – William O'Brien, Irish journalist and politician (b. 1852)
• 1932 – Albert Mathiez, French historian (b. 1874)
• 1940 – Mary Mills Patrick, American teacher and author (b. 1850)
• 1950 – George Minot, American medical researcher and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1885)
• 1954 – Auguste Perret, French architect (b. 1874)
• 1957 – Bugs Moran, French-American mob leader (b. 1891)
• 1959 – Klaudziy Duj-Dusheuski, Belarusian architect, diplomat and journalist (b. 1891)
• 1961 – Raşit Rıza Samako, Turkish theater artist and director (b. 1890)
• 1964 – Alexander Archipenko, Ukrainian avant-garde artist, sculptor and printmaker (b. 1887)
• 1971 – Sevda Beşer, Turkish dramaturge
• 1971 – Theodor Svedberg, Swedish chemist (b. 1874)
• 1972 – Hugo Steinhaus, Polish mathematician and educator (b. 1887)
• 1975 – Elijah Muhammad, American black Muslim leader (b. 1897)
• 1979 – Jean Berthoin, French politician (b. 1895)
• 1983 – Tennessee Williams, American playwright (b. 1911)
• 1987 – James Coco, American actor (b. 1930)
• 1993 – Eddie Constantine, US-born French actor and singer (b. 1917)
• 1995 – Nejat Devrim, Turkish painter (b. 1923)
• 1996 – Vehbi Koç, Turkish businessman and industrialist (b. 1901)
• 1999 – Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1912)
• 2003 – Alexander Kemurjian, Soviet scientist (b. 1921)
• 2005 – Peter Benenson, English lawyer (b. 1921)
• 2008 – Static Major, American singer (b. 1974)
• 2009 – Behçet Oktay, Turkish policeman (b. 1957)
• 2010 – Ahmet Vardar, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1937)
• 2010 – İhsan Doğramacı, Turkish academic (founder and first President of Bilkent University and YÖK) (b. 1915)
• 2012 – Erland Josephson, Swedish actor (b. 1923)
• 2013 – C. Everett Koop, American physician (b. 1916)
• 2014 – Paco de Lucía, Spanish guitarist and composer (b. 1947)
• 2015 – Ariel Camacho, Mexican singer-songwriter (b. 1992)
• 2015 – Eugenie Clark, American ichthyologist (b. 1922)
• 2016 – François Dupeyron, French film director and screenwriter (b. 1950)
• 2017 – Abdullah Balak, Turkish composer, educator, poet, songwriter and folklore researcher (b. 1938)
• 2017 – Bill Paxton, American actor and film director (b. 1955)
• 2019 – Janet Asimov, American science fiction writer and psychoanalyst (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Fred Gloden, Former American football player (b. 1918)
• 2019 – Kathleen O'Malley, Veteran American actress (b. 1924)
• 2019 – Lisa Sheridan, American actress (b. 1973)
• 2020 – Lee Phillip Bell, American screenwriter, presenter, and film producer (b. 1928)
• 2020 – Hikmet Köksal, Turkish soldier (b. 1932)
• 2020 – Mohammed Hosni Mubarak, Egyptian politician and President (b. 1928)
• 2020 – Dmitri Yazov, one of the commanders of the Red Army, Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1924)
• 2021 – Ivy Bottini, American activist, artist, and writer (b. 1926)
• 2021 – Klaus Emmerich, Austrian journalist (b. 1928)
• 2021 – John Mallard, English physicist (b. 1927)
• 2021 – Hannu Mikkola, Finnish speedway driver (b. 1942)
• 2021 – Yves Ramousse, French Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1928)
• 2021 – Ton Thie, Dutch professional football player (b. 1944)

Holidays and special occasions

• Liberation of İspir district of Erzurum from Russian and Armenian occupation (1918)
• Liberation of Trabzon's Araklı district from Russian and Armenian occupation (1918)
• Liberation of Trabzon's Sürmene district from Russian and Armenian occupation (1918)
• Liberation of Çıldır district of Ardahan from Russian and Armenian occupation (1921)