Today in History: Miss Turkey Naşide Saffet Esen was chosen as the Beautiful Eye Queen in Europe

February 14 is the 45nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 320.

Railways

• 14 February 1992 Machinist Training Simulator was put into service.

Events

• 496 - Valentine's Day, February 14, is a special day celebrated in many countries. This day, whose origin is based on the belief of the Roman Catholic Church, emerged as a feast day declared in the name of a clergyman named Valentine.
• 1779 - James Cook is killed by the Sandwich Islands natives.
• 1804 - The First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire is initiated by Kara Yorgi.
• 1859 - Oregon becomes the 33rd state of the United States.
• 1876 ​​- Alexander Graham Bell applied for a telephone patent.
• 1876 ​​– The workers of the Istanbul Tram Company went on strike.
• 1878 – II. Abdulhamid suspended the Parliament indefinitely and the period of tyranny began.
• 1909 – The first vote of confidence was held in the Ottoman Empire; Kamil Pasha's cabinet was overthrown.
• 1912 - Arizona becomes the 48th state of the USA.
• 1912 - The USA's first diesel powered submarine is launched in Connecticut.
• 1918 – Gregorian Calendar is used in the USSR.
• 1923 – Mustafa Kemal went on a tour of Western Anatolia.
• 1924 – International Business Machines (IBM) company was founded.
• 1925 – Deli Halit Pasha, who was shot in the Turkish Grand National Assembly on February 9, died.
• 1929 - Seven gangsters, rivals of Al Capone, are murdered in Chicago. Since the event took place on February 14, it is known as the “Valentine's Day Massacre”.
• 1931 – Miss Turkey Naşide Saffet Esen was chosen as the "Beautiful Eye Queen" in Europe.
• 1945 – Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru join the United Nations.
• 1945 – II. World War II: UK and US aircraft begin using incendiary bombs on the second day of the bombing of Dresden.
• 1946 – The first general purpose electronic computer ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) is introduced at the University of Pennsylvania (USA).
• 1946 – The Bank of England, the Central Bank of England, is nationalized.
• 1949 - The Israeli parliament (Knesset) held its first meeting.
• 1949 – The so-called "Asbestos Strike" resistance begins in Canada. The day the strike began is considered the beginning of the “Silent Revolution” in Québec.
• 1951 – İdil Biret gave her first piano recital in Paris at the age of 10.
• 1951 – The shooting of the movie "Self-Saving City", the screenplay of which was written by Behçet Kemal Çağlar and about the liberation of Maraş from the enemy occupation during the Turkish War of Independence, caused events. Director Faruk Kenç and his team were caught and sent to the court when the French flag was hoisted over the Maraş Castle as per the scenario.
• 1952 – Winter Olympic Games started in Oslo (Norway).
• 1955 – The foundation of İzmir Alsancak Port was laid by Prime Minister Adnan Menderes.
• 1961 - Element lawrentium (element number 103) was first synthesized at the University of California.
• 1963 – Workers at the Kavel Kablo Factory in Istanbul quit their jobs on January 28 and started a sit-in. On the 17th day of the action, the Police intervened against the workers; 9 workers were injured.
• 1963 – For the first time in the world, a successful human-to-human kidney transplant was performed at Leeds General Infirmary Hospital in England.
• 1971 – Mehmet Ali Aybar, Chairman of the Workers' Party of Turkey, resigned from the Party. He said that his aim was to protest the Board of Directors, which wanted to refer him to the Court of Honor.
• 1974 – Journalist İsmail Cem (İpekçi) was appointed to the General Directorate of TRT.
• 1977 – Hasan Tan was appointed as the Rector of the Middle East Technical University; Students boycotted classes.
• 1979 – Turkey officially recognized the Khomeini regime in Iran.
• 1980 – Winter Olympics started in Lake Placid (New York).
• 1980 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): Shops in Istanbul remained closed due to the threats made in the previous days. Bakers were brought from their homes by force of soldiers. Bread was sold under the protection of soldiers.
• 1980 – Chief of General Staff Gen. Kenan Evren spoke at the end of the dinner given in the army house in Erzurum: “We are dealing with internal enemies, not external enemies. We can rightly ask why this nation, which has fought with seven heifers and cleansed its country of enemies, cannot deal with these traitors despite martial law. We don't want to spill blood. If we dare to shed blood, we will overcome them in a month.”
• 1980 – Tariş events: Ten thousand gendarmerie commandos and many policemen intervened in the workers' resistance in Çiğli İplik Factory belonging to Tariş. Reconnaissance planes and helicopters also participated in the operation. As a result of the intervention that lasted all day, the factory was evacuated and 1500 workers were detained.
• 1981 – The law, which made some changes in the Turkish Citizenship Law, was accepted by the National Security Council.
• 1981 – 48 people are killed in a fire in a nightclub in Dublin.
• 1983 – The Council of State decided that singer Bülent Ersoy, who had undergone an operation, was a male legally, and therefore he could only appear on the stage in male clothes in casinos.
• 1986 – Former Minister of State İsmail Özdağlar was sentenced to 2 years in prison in the Supreme Court for “abuse of his office”. İsmail Özdağlar was on trial for alleged bribery.
• 1987 – 234 thousand people living in 50 villages of Tunceli province; It was decided to be placed in Mersin, Antalya, İzmir and Muğla. The decision was taken based on the Forest Law No. 6931 and Article 170 of the Constitution.
• 1989 - Iranian leader Khomeini orders the murder of Salman Rushdie, author of The Satanic Verses.
• 1989 – Union Carbide agrees to pay $1984 million to the Government of India for damages it caused in the Bhopal disaster of 470.
• 1989 – The first of the 24 satellites to form the GPS (Global Positioning System) was put into orbit.
• 1990 – by Yılmaz Güney Umut The movie was screened in Istanbul.
• 1994 – A bomb attack was made on the Ankara provincial building of the Democracy Party (DEP); The building was badly damaged, 3 people were injured.
• 1994 – Ukrainian serial killer Andrey Chikatilo, who was convicted of killing 52 people, was executed by shooting in Novocherkassk, Russia. His execution was announced by Russian President Boris Yeltsin.
• 1996 – Former Ankara State Security Court (DGM) Prosecutor Nusret Demiral, who joined the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) after his retirement, was expelled from the party when he said, “Azan should be read in Turkish”.
• 2000 – The emergence and existence of Hezbollah arsenals brought JITEM, which has been discussed since 1994, to the agenda again. Former Batman Governor Salih Şarman said "JİTEM exists", while former Gendarmerie Commander Teoman Koman said "there is not".
• 2003 – It was announced that 43.500 detainees and convicts benefited from the law on conditional release.
• 2004 – The last film of Turkish director Fatih Akın, born in Hamburg, “Gegen die Wand” (Against the wall) was selected as the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival and received the “Golden Bear” award.
• 2004 – The roof of a water park collapsed in Moscow; 25 people died, more than 100 injured.
• 2005 – Rafik Hariri, a former Prime Minister of Lebanon, was assassinated.
• 2006 – During the operation, where it is alleged that Mahmut Yıldırım, code-named “Yeşil”, was trapped in a house in Istanbul and escaped at the last moment, his son Murat Yıldırım was detained along with fifteen other people on the grounds that he had “shot a man”.
• 2007 – The regulation on the regulations regarding the supervision of communication via telecommunication and monitoring with technical means was published in the Official Gazette. Accordingly, a secret investigator may be appointed in investigations. The personal information obtained by the secret investigator will not be used outside of the criminal investigation and prosecution for which he is assigned.
• 2008 – The 1st Chamber of the Council of State decided that Mehmet Ağar would be tried within the scope of the Susurluk Case, for the crime of “establishing an organization to commit a crime” during the period of the General Directorate of Security. The Chamber ruled that Ağar should be tried at the Court of Cassation due to his status as Governor.

Births

• 1404 – Leon Battista Alberti, Italian painter, poet, and philosopher (d. 1472)
• 1483 – Babur Shah, founder and first Ruler of the Mughal Empire (d. 1531)
• 1602 – Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (d. 1676)
• 1750 – René Louiche Desfontaines, French botanist (d. 1833)
• 1759 – Franz de Paula Adam von Waldstein, Austrian soldier, explorer, herbalist, and naturalist (d. 1823)
• 1763 – Jean Victor Marie Moreau, French general (d. 1813)
• 1819 – Christopher Latham Sholes, American inventor (d. 1890)
• 1828 – Edmond About, French writer, novelist, and publisher (d. 1885)
• 1839 – Hermann Hankel, German mathematician (d. 1873)
• 1855 – Christian Bohr, Danish physician (d. 1911)
• 1866 – William Townley, English football player and coach (d. 1950)
• 1869 – Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Scottish physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 1959)
• 1877 – Edmund Landau, German mathematician (d. 1938)
• 1882 – John Blyth Barrymore, American actor (d. 1942)
• 1888 – Hermann Reinecke, Nazi Germany general (d. 1973)
• 1891 – Vladimir Şileyko, Russian orientalist (Assyrian, Hebraist), Acmeist poet and translator (d. 1930)
• 1892 – Radola Gajda, Czech military commander and politician (d. 1948)
• 1895 – Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and social scientist (d. 1973)
• 1898 – Fritz Zwicky, Swiss physicist and astronomer (d. 1974)
• 1899 – Onni Pellinen, Finnish Greco-Roman wrestler (d. 1945)
• 1913 – Jimmy Hoffa, American labor union leader (disappeared) (d. 1975)
• 1914 – Boris Kraigher, Slovenian communist partisan, former prime minister of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia (d. 1967)
• 1927 – Sencer Divitçioğlu, Turkish academic (d. 2014)
• 1928 – Mark Eden, English actor (d. 2021)
• 1932 – Peter Ball, English bishop and sexual abuse convict (d. 2019)
• 1935 – Christel Adelaar, Dutch actress (d. 2013)
• 1944 – Alan Parker, American film director
• 1945 – Ladislao Mazurkiewicz, Uruguayan football player and manager (d. 2013)
• 1946 – Gregory Hines, American actor and dancer (d. 2003)
• 1946 – Kemal Unakıtan, Turkish bureaucrat and politician (d. 2016)
• 1950 – Galip Boransu, Turkish pianist, keyboard, vocal (d. 2011)
• 1953 – Hans Krankl, Austrian football player
• 1957 – Veysel Güney, Turkish revolutionary and responsible for the Revolutionary Path in Iskenderun (d. 1981)
• 1959 – Süleyman Seyfi Öğün, Turkish academic and political scientist
• 1967 – Mark Rutte, Dutch politician
• 1969 – Neslihan Acar, Turkish cinema and TV series actress
• 1970 – Simon Pegg, English actor, writer and filmmaker
• 1971 – Kerem Tuzun, Turkish musician
• 1974 – Gina Lynn, Puerto Rican porn actress
• 1974 – Valentina Vezzali, Italian fencer and politician
• 1975 – Mirka Francia, Cuban volleyball player
• 1976 – Aylin Aslım, Turkish rock musician
• 1982 – İbrahim Çelikkol, Turkish TV series and movie actor
• 1982 – Özge Borak, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actress
• 1984 – Eser Yenenler, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor
• 1990 – Sefa Yılmaz, Turkish football player
• 1996 – Viktor Kovalenko, Ukrainian football player
• 1997 – Breel Embolo, Swiss football player
• 1997 – Hung Hau-Hsuan, Taiwanese esportsperson
• 1997 – Jung Jaehyun, South Korean K-pop artist and actor

Deaths

• 269 ​​- St. Valentine, priest of Rome (The day he was executed is celebrated as Valentine's Day)
• 869 – Cyril, Byzantine Greek missionary who spread Christianity among the Slavs in Moravia and Pannonia (b. 826)
• 1140 – Levon I, Armenian Lord of Cilicia (b. 1080)
• 1400 – II. Richard, King of England (killed) (b. 1367)
• 1676 – Abraham Bosse, French artist (b. 1604)
• 1695 – Georg von Derfflinger, field marshal of the Brandenburg-Prussian army (b. 1606)
• 1779 – James Cook, English navigator and explorer (b. 1728)
• 1892 – Georgi Vylkovic, Bulgarian doctor, diplomat, and conservative politician (b. 1833)
• 1894 – Eugène Charles Catalan, Belgian mathematician (b. 1814)
• 1925 – Halit Karsıalan (“Deli” Halit Pasha), Turkish soldier and commander of the Turkish War of Independence (died by a bullet in the Parliament, whose side it came from) (b. 1883)
• 1929 – Thomas Burke, American athlete (b. 1875)
• 1942 – Fehim Spaho, Bosnian cleric (b. 1877)
• 1943 – David Hilbert, German mathematician (b. 1862)
• 1966 – British Kemal (Ahmet Esat Tomruk), Turkish agent (b. 1887)
• 1969 – Vito Genovese, leader of the American mafia (b.1897)
• 1975 – Julian Huxley, English evolutionary biologist (b. 1887)
• 1986 – Süheyl Ünver, Turkish doctor, writer and miniaturist (b. 1898)
• 1988 – Frederick Loewe, Austrian-born American composer (b. 1901)
• 1994 – Andrey Chikatilo, Soviet serial killer (b. 1936)
• 1996 – Bob Paisley, English football player and manager (b. 1919)
• 2002 – Domènec Balmania, Spanish football player (b. 1914)
• 2002 – Nándor Hidegkuti, Hungarian former football player and manager (b. 1922)
• 2003 – Dolly, the first mammal cloned on Earth (b. 1996)
• 2004 – Marco Pantani, an Italian road cyclist (b. 1970)
• 2005 – Rafik Hariri, former Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1944)
• 2008 – Atilla Kaya, Turkish tavern music artist (b. 1964)
• 2011 – George Shearing, English jazz pianist (b. 1919)
• 2012 – Cem Atabeyoğlu, Turkish sports writer and manager (b.1924)
• 2012 – Tonmi Lillman, Finnish musician (b. 1973)
• 2013 – Ronald Dworkin, American philosopher and constitutional lawyer (b. 1931)
• 2013 – Reeva Steenkamp, ​​South African model (b. 1983)
• 2014 – Durdy Bayramov, Turkmen academic and artist (b. 1938)
• 2014 – Tom Finney, English international football player (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Ferry Hoogendijk, Dutch politician and writer (b. 1933)
• 2015 – Pamela Cundell, English character actress (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Michele Ferrero, Italian businessman (b. 1925)
• 2015 – Mahir Kaynak, Turkish economist, writer and intelligence analyst (b. 1934)
• 2015 – Louis Jourdan, French actor (b. 1921)
• 2015 – Willem Ruska, former Dutch judoka (b. 1940)
• 2016 – Muriel Casals i Couturier, French-born Spanish economist, politician and scientist (b. 1945)
• 2016 – Ajun Kurter, Turkish geographer, oceanographer, and aviation historian (b. 1930)
• 2016 – Wiesław Rudkowski, Polish former boxer (b. 1946)
• 2017 – Anne Aaserud, Norwegian art historian (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Siegfried Herrmann, German long-distance runner (b. 1932)
• 2017 – Paul Nguyěn Van Hoá, Vietnamese Catholic priest and clergyman (b. 1931)
• 2017 – Odd Tandberg, Norwegian painter and graphic artist (b. 1924)
• 2017 – Hans Trass, Estonian environmental and botanist (b. 1928)
• 2018 – Abulfazl Anvari is an Iranian heavyweight wrestler (b. 1938)
• 2018 – Pyotr Bocek, Ukrainian-Soviet soldier with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (b. 1925)
• 2018 – Don Carter, American investor and businessman (b. 1933)
• 2018 – Nuray Lighttaş, Turkish composer and Turkish Folk Music artist (b. 1964)
• 2018 – Tuna Birş, Turkish newscaster (b. 1942)
• 2018 – Antoni Krauze is a Polish screenwriter and film director (b. 1940)
• 2018 – Ruud Lubbers, Dutch politician (b. 1939)
• 2018 – Morgan Tsvangirai, Zimbabwean politician (b. 1952)
• 2019 – Michel Bernard, French athlete (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Chun-Ming Kao, Chinese politician and activist (b. 1929)
• 2019 – Andrea Levy, English novelist (b. 1956)
• 2020 – Alwin Brück, German politician (b. 1931)
• 2020 – Lynn Cohen, American actress (b. 1933)
• 2020 – Esther Scott, American actress (b. 1953)
• 2020 – John Shrapnel, English actor and dubbing artist (b. 1942)
• 2021 – Blanca Álvarez González, Spanish journalist, writer and poet (b. 1957)
• 2021 – Ari Gold, American singer, songwriter, music producer, dancer, actor, and model (b. 1974)
• 2021 – WJM Lokubandara, Sri Lankan politician (b. 1941)
• 2021 – Carlos Saúl Menem, nicknamed El Turco, Argentine politician (b. 1930)
• 2021 – William Macpherson, Retired Scottish High Court Judge (b. 1926)

Holidays and special occasions

• Valentine's Day
• World Story Day