Today in History: Fatih Sultan Mehmet ascended the throne for the second time

February 18 is the 49nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 316.

Railways

• 18 February 1856 With the Edict of Reform, the Ottoman Empire promised the right of economic cooperation with the Westerners and the right of property to the foreigners in Ottoman lands.

Events

• 1451 - Fatih Sultan Mehmet ascended the throne for the second time.
• 1695 – The Ottoman navy recaptured Chios from the Venetians.
• 1856 – Edict of Reform was published.
• 1885 - Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is first published.
• 1913 - Raymond Poincaré becomes President of France.
• 1930 - American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered the dwarf planet Pluto with a 33 cm telescope.
• 1932 - The Emperor of Japan declared Manzhouguo (the old Chinese name for Manchuria) independent from China.
• 1937 – Donkey transportation is banned in Istanbul.
• 1941 – A decree was issued regarding the employment of boys over the age of 16 in the mines and those over the age of 12 in the textile industry.
• 1941 – An architectural competition for Anıtkabir was officially announced.
• 1941 – Petrol Ofisi was established.
• 1943 - The Nazis arrest members of the White Rose movement.
• 1952 – The Turkish Grand National Assembly approved Turkey's NATO membership. Turkey became a NATO member on February 21.
• 1957 – Cyprus negotiations started at the UN. On February 26, the UN decided that the issue should be discussed primarily between the parties concerned.
• 1960 – 7 countries established the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA). With a new agreement signed in 1980, it took the name ALADI.
• 1965 – The Gambia gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1967 – The budget of the Ministry of National Education was discussed; It has been announced that 35.000 out of 15.000 villages do not have schools.
• 1971 – Elazig Senator Professor Celal Ertuğ said, “A dictatorship is approaching step by step. The military's message is clear. Demirel should resign immediately.” Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel said, “I came from legitimate ways. They will find 226, they will overthrow us,” he said.
• 1974 - Kiss music group released their first self-titled album.
• 1977 - The space shuttle Enterprise makes its maiden voyage aboard a Boeing 747.
• 1977 – Istanbul Higher Education Association (İYÖD) was closed indefinitely on the grounds of “activities beyond purpose”. İYÖD was forming the Istanbul Regional Executive Board of Dev-Genç (Federation of Revolutionary Youth Associations).
• 1979 - It snowed in the Sahara Desert.
• 1980 – The Process Leading to the September 12, 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979- September 12, 1980): Chief of General Staff Kenan Evren, who met with CHP's Kemal Kayacan, demanded a compromise between the CHP and the AP: “Our wish is that you don't push us on paths we don't want. . If the two major parties come to an agreement and their problems begin, we will feel a great relief. We expect this sacrifice from them and it is our right to expect it.”
• 1985 – The Council of Ministers postponed a strike decision for the first time. It has been decided to postpone the strike decision taken at the workplaces of Tarım Protection Pharmaceuticals Inc. in Istanbul Kartal and Izmit Derince for 60 days.
• 1985 – The Prime Ministry Supreme Audit Board determined that Ziraat Bank gave agricultural loans to bathers.
• 1987 – NETAŞ strike, the biggest strike after September 12 in Turkey, resulted in an agreement today.
• 1988 – The name of the Sports and Exhibition Center in Istanbul was changed to "Lütfi Kırdar".
• 1993 – Journalist Kemal Kılıç was killed. Kılıç was a member of the Urfa Branch Board of the Human Rights Association.
• 1994 – The Headquarters of the Democracy Party (DEP) was bombed, one person was killed and 2 people were injured, 16 seriously. The Democracy Party (DEP) has been attacked 4 times since the beginning of the year. The Islamic Jihad Organization claimed responsibility for the incident.
• 1995 – Social-Democratic Populist Party and Republican People's Party merged under the roof of CHP. SHP's Hikmet Çetin was unanimously elected Chairman.
• 1997 – Tansu Çiller was cleared of TEDAŞ and TOFAŞ investigations. Welfare Party deputies voted for the acquittal of Tansu Çiller.
• 2003 – About 200 people died in a fire in South Korea's Daegu subway.
• 2004 – An explosion and fire on an out-of-control freight train near Nishapur, Iran, killed 200 people, including 295 rescue personnel. Train; carried sulphur, oil and fertilizer.
• 2005 – On the 30th day of the closure of SEKA Izmit Factory employees, the police entered the factory garden with panzers. The workers locked themselves in the mechanical workshop upon this development.
• 2007 – The 2007 NBA All-Star Game, held annually for show, was held in Las Vegas as two teams of the best players in the NBA competed.
• 2008 – United States, Afghanistan and Turkey; He declared that Kosovo unilaterally recognizes its independence.

Births

• 1201 – Nasiruddin Tusi, Persian scientist and Islamic philosopher (d. 1274)
• 1372 – Ibn Hajar al-Askalani, Arabic hadith, fiqh and tafsir scholar (d. 1449)
• 1374 – Jadwiga of Poland, first female ruler of the Kingdom of Poland (d. 1399)
• 1404 – Leon Battista Alberti, painter, poet, linguist, philosopher, cryptographer, musician, architect, biographer of Catholic saints, and Italian mathematician (d.
• 1515 – Valerius Cordus, German botanist and chemist (d. 1544)
• 1516 – Mary I, Queen of England and Ireland (d. 1558)
• 1609 – Edward Hyde, English statesman and historian (d. 1674)
• 1626 – Francesco Redi, Italian physician (d. 1697)
• 1677 – Jacques Cassini, French astronomer (d. 1756)
• 1745 – Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist (d. 1827)
• 1807 – Kostaki Musurus Pasha, Ottoman pasha of Greek origin (d. 1891)
• 1826 Julius Thomsen, Danish chemist (d. 1909)
• 1836 Sri Ramakrishna, Hindu saint (d. 1886)
• 1838 – Ernst Mach, Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher (d. 1916)
• 1848 – Louis Comfort Tiffany, American artist and designer (d. 1933)
• 1849 – Alexander Kielland, Norwegian writer (d. 1906)
• 1854 – Jan Jakob Maria de Groot, Dutch Linguist, Turcologist, Sinologist, and Historian of Religion (d. 1921)
• 1855 – Jean Jules Jusserand, French diplomat, historian, and author (d. 1932)
• 1857 – Max Klinger, German symbolist painter and sculptor (d. 1920)
• 1860 – Anders Zorn, Swedish painter, engraver, sculptor, and photographer (d. 1920)
• 1871 – Harry Brearley, English metallurgist (d. 1948)
• 1878 – Mariya Ulyanova, Russian female revolutionary (d. 1937)
• 1880 – Ernst von Aster, German philosopher (d. 1948)
• 1881 – Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer, Hungarian lawyer and politician (d. 1948)
• 1882 – Petre Dumitrescu, Romanian Major-General (d. 1950)
• 1883 – Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek writer (d. 1957)
• 1895 – Semyon Tymoshenko, Soviet commander (d. 1970)
• 1898 – Enzo Ferrari, Italian race car driver and manufacturer (d. 1988)
• 1903 – Nikolai Podgorny, President of the USSR (d. 1983)
• 1906 Hans Asperger Austrian pediatrician, discovered Asperger's syndrome (d. 1980)
• 1919 – Jack Palance, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1920 – Eddie Slovik, American enlisted soldier (the only US soldier executed for desertion during World War II) (d. 2)
• 1925 – Halit Kıvanç, Turkish presenter
• 1925 – Marcel Barbeau, Canadian artist (d. 2016)
• 1926 – Rita Gorr, Belgian mezzo-soprano (d. 2012)
• 1929 – Ertem Eğilmez, Turkish cinema director (d. 1989)
• 1929 – Kamran Inan, Turkish diplomat, lawyer and politician (d. 2015)
• 1929 – Roland Minson, American basketball player (d. 2020)
• 1931 – Toni Morrison, American author and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)
• 1932 – Milos Forman, Czechoslovak immigrant American film director (d. 2018)
• 1933 – Bobby Robson, English manager (d. 2009)
• 1933 – Yoko Ono, Japanese musician
• 1936 – Jean Marie Auel, American writer
• 1936 – Jozef Vengloš, Czechoslovak football player and manager (d. 2021)
• 1942 – Tolga Askiner, Turkish actor (d. 1996)
• 1950 – John Hughes, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2009)
• 1950 - Cybill Shepherd, American actress
• 1954 – John Travolta, American actor
• 1964 – Matt Dillon, American actor
• 1967 – Abbas Lisani, South Azerbaijani journalist
• 1967 – Roberto Baggio, Italian football player
• 1968 Molly Ringwald, American actress
• 1976 - Chanda Rubin, American professional tennis player
• 1983 – Roberta Vinci, Italian tennis player
• 1985 – Anton Ferdinand, English football player
• 1985 – Song Jae-in, Korean actor
• 1985 – Park Sung Hoon, Korean actor
• 1988 – Bibras Natho, Israeli football player
• 1988 – Sukru Ozyildiz, Turkish actor
• 1990 – Park Shin Hye, Korean actress
• 1990 - Kang Sora, Korean actor
• 1991 – Jeremy Allen White, American actor
• 1994 – J-Hope, South Korean singer, dancer, songwriter

Deaths

• 901 – Thabit bin Kurre, Arab Mathematician, scholar of astronomy, mechanics and medicine (b. 821)
• 999 – Gregory V served as Pope from 996 until his death in 999 (b. 972)
• 1139 – II. Yaropolk, grand prince of Kiev (b. 1082)
• 1294 – Kublai Khan, Mongol Emperor (b. 1215)
• 1405 – Timur, founder and first ruler of the Timurid Empire (b. 1336)
• 1455 – Fra Angelico, Italian Dominican priest and painter (b. 1395)
• 1535 – Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, German astrologer and alchemist (b. 1486)
• 1546 – ​​Martin Luther, German religious reformer (b. 1483)
• 1564 – Michelangelo, Italian artist (b. 1475)
• 1585 – Takiyüddin, Turkish hezarfen, astronomer, engineer and mathematician (b. 1521)
• 1799 – Johann Hedwig, German botanist (b. 1730)
• 1851 – Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, German mathematician (b. 1804)
• 1899 – Sophus Lie, Norwegian mathematician (b. 1842)
• 1902 – Albert Bierstadt, American painter (b. 1830)
• 1920 – Köprülü Hamdi Bey, Turkish soldier, commander of the Kuva-yi Milliye and district governor (b. 1888)
• 1925 – Abdurrahman Şeref Bey, the last chronicler and historian of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1853)
• 1937 – Grigol Orconikidze, USSR Politburo member and communist leader nicknamed "Koba" (b. 1886)
• 1956 – Gustave Charpentier, French composer (b. 1860)
• 1957 – Şükrü Onan, Turkish soldier (“Atatürk's Admiral”)
• 1960 – Bedri Ruhselman, Turkish physician, violin virtuoso, and founder of experimental Neo-spiritualism (b. 1898)
• 1963 – Fernando Tambroni, Italian politician (b. 1882)
• 1966 – Robert Rossen, American director, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1908)
• 1967 – J. Robert Oppenheimer, American physicist (b. 1904)
• 1981 – Şerif Yüzbaşıoğlu, Turkish composer and conductor (b. 1932)
• 1986 – Tezer Özlü, Turkish writer (b. 1943)
• 1998 – Melahat Togar, Turkish translator (b. 1909)
• 2001 – Dale Earnhardt, American speedway and team owner (b. 1951)
• 2005 – Mustafa Güzelgöz, Turkish librarian (librarian with a donkey) (b. 1921)
• 2007 – Barbara Gittings, American gay equality activist (b. 1932)
• 2008 – Alain Robbe-Grillet, French writer, director and screenwriter (b. 1922)
• 2009 – Miika Tenkula, Finnish musician guitarist (b. 1974)
• 2015 – Asuman Baytop Turkish botanist and pharmacist (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Jerome Kersey, American professional basketball player (b. 1962)
• 2016 – Pandelis Pandelidis, Greek singer-songwriter (b. 1983)
• 2016 – Angela Raiola, American television personality and actress (b. 1960)
• 2017 – Omar Abdurrahman, Egyptian Islamic leader (b. 1938)
• 2017 – Ivan Koloff, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Michael Ogio, ninth Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Nadezhda Olizarenko, Soviet former athlete (b. 1953)
• 2017 – Richard Schickel, American author, journalist, and documentary filmmaker (b. 1933)
• 2017 – Pasquale Squitieri, Italian film director and screenwriter (b. 1938)
• 2017 – Clyde Stubblefield, American drummer (b. 1943)
• 2017 – Daniel Vickerman, Australian professional rugby player (b. 1979)
• 2018 – Günter Blobel, German-American biologist (b. 1936)
• 2018 – Didier Lockwood, French jazz violinist (b. 1956)
• 2018 – Georgi Markov, Bulgarian football player (b. 1972)
• 2018 – Idrissa Ouédraogo is a Burkina Faso film director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1954)
• 2019 – O'Neal Compton, American actor, director, businessman, and voice actor (b. 1951)
• 2019 – Toni Myers, Canadian documentary filmmaker, director, editor, and screenwriter (b. 1943)
• 2020 – Kishori Ballal, Indian actress (b. 1938)
• 2021 – Emir Aslan Afshar, Iranian politician and diplomat (b. 1919)
• 2021 – Sergo Karapetyan, Armenian politician (b. 1948)
• 2021 – Andrey Myagkov, Soviet-Russian actor and theater director (b. 1938)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Asperger's Syndrome Awareness Day
• Leh Day (Amami Islands, Japan )
• Independence Day celebrates the Gambia's independence from the United Kingdom in 1965.
• Kurdish Students' Union Day (Iraqi Kurdistan)
• National Democracy Day celebrates the overthrow of the Rana dynasty (Nepal) in 1951.
• Spouses' Day (Konudagur) (Iceland)