Today in History: Surname Law Entered into Force in Turkey

January 2 is the 2nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 363.

Railways

• 2 In January 1872, the well-known German engineer Wilhelm Wilhelm von Pressel outlined the easiness he would bring to Hijaz's military control in his project for Ottoman Asia.

Events

• 1523 – Rhodes Island was conquered by Suleiman the Magnificent.
• 1757 – The United Kingdom captures Calcutta (India).
• 1839 - French photographer Louis Daguerre, one of the inventors of photography, took the first photograph of the moon.
• 1870 - Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began.
• 1905 – In the Russo-Japanese War, the Russian base in China, Port Arthur, surrenders to Japanese naval forces under Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō. A series of defeats began that led to the collapse of the Russian Empire and opened the door to the 1905 Revolution.
• 1924 – Journalists tried in the Istanbul Independence Court were acquitted. Journalists and Istanbul Bar Association President Lütfi Fikri Bey were accused of violating the Law of Treason. While the journalists were acquitted, Lütfi Fikri Bey was sentenced to 5 years of hard labor.
• 1935 – There was an earthquake in Marmara Island and Erdek; 5 people died, 600 buildings were damaged.
• 1935 – Surname Law came into effect in Turkey.
• 1942 – II. World War II: Manila is occupied by Japanese forces.
• 1951 – Turkey, Netherlands and Brazil were elected as new members of the United Nations Security Council.
• 1955 - Panamanian President José Antonio Remón Cantera is assassinated.
• 1959 – USSR, Luna 1 launched the spacecraft. Luna 1 will be the first spacecraft to reach the limits of the Moon and orbit the Sun.
• 1959 - Fidel Castro becomes the leader of Cuba.
• 1968 – Dr. Christiaan Barnard performed her second heart transplant surgery in Cape Town, South Africa.
• 1971 – Cenan Bıçakçı and his friends, who left the Workers' Party of Turkey (TIP), announced that they had established a new organization called the Independent Socialists of Turkey Union.
• 1975 – Charlie Chaplin (Charlo) is given the title "Sir" in the United Kingdom.
• 1979 – With the joint work of Turkish and American archaeologists for five years, the world's first Islamic shipwreck was found in the Aegean Sea.
• 1980 – Chief of General Staff Gen. Kenan Evren to Korkut Özal, who came to meet him, “They are disturbed by Necmettin Erbakan's slippery policy, that religion should not be used as a political tool” told.
• 1985 – The United States officially left the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
• 1990 – Sinan Kukul, one of the important names of the Revolutionary-Left organization, escaped from Metris Prison.
• 1992 – Twenty people died and fifteen were injured as a result of avalanche in Yüksekova district of Hakkari.
• 1993 – Mehmetçik in Somalia: Turkish Armed Forces set foot on the territory of a foreign country for the second time after 43 years, upon the call of the UN.
• 1995 – Former Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (İSKİ) General Manager Ergun Göknel's 8,5-year prison sentence became final.
• 2001 – Istanbul State Security Court No. 1 decided to arrest Cavit Çağlar, the former owner of Interbank, in absentia as part of the Egebank investigation. (Turkish Interpol prepared a red notice about Çağlar on January 5.)
• 2003 – The draft, which envisages amendments in some laws within the framework of compliance with the Copenhagen criteria and the Constitution, was accepted in the Parliament. According to the law, a 5/3 majority will be sought in cases of closure of political parties. Penalties for torture and ill-treatment cannot be converted into fines. The Constitutional Court may decide to deprive the political party of state aid. Community foundations can acquire property. Journalists cannot be compelled to disclose their news sources.
• 2006 – Roof of an ice rink collapsed in Bavaria (Germany): 15 people died.
• 2007 – A funeral ceremony was held for Gerald Ford, one of the former Presidents of the USA, who died at the age of 93, at the Washington National Cathedral.
• 2007 – Six mountaineers of METU Mountaineering Club, Utku Kocabıyık and Seza Bürkan Yüksel, who were stranded on January 1 during the ascent of Demirkazık summit in Niğde Aladağlar, died and four climbers were rescued.

Births

• 1642 – IV. Mehmed, 19th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1693)
• 1699 – III. Osman, 25th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and 104th Islamic Caliph (d. 1757)
• 1727 James Wolfe, British Army officer (d. 1759)
• 1752 – Philip Freneau, American poet, nationalist, polemicist, ship captain, and newspaper editor (d. 1832)
• 1767 – II. Bashir Shihab, Emir of Lebanon (d. 1850)
• 1822 – Rudolf Clausius, German physicist (d. 1888)
• 1824 – Atiye Sultan, II. Mahmud's daughter (d. 1850)
• 1827 – Nükhetseza Hanım, ninth wife of Abdülmecid (d. 1850)
• 1834 – Vasily Perov, Russian painter (d. 1882)
• 1834 – Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, German dog breeder (d. 1894)
• 1852 – Abdulhak Hamit Tarhan, Turkish poet and diplomat (Makber, Eshber known for his works such as) (d. 1937)
• 1866 – Emsalinur Kadınefendi, II. Abdulhamid's seventh wife (d. 1952)
• 1870 – Ernst Barlach, German expressionist sculptor and writer (d. 1938)
• 1873 – Teresa of Lisieux, French Discalted Carmelite nun and mystic (d. 1897)
• 1873 – Antonie Pannekoek, Dutch astronomer, Marxist theorist, and revolutionary (d. 1960)
• 1880 – Louis Charles Bréguet, French pilot, aircraft designer, and industrialist (founder of Air France) (d. 1955)
• 1880 – Vasily Degtyaryov, Russian weapons designer (d. 1949)
• 1882 Benjamin Jones, British cyclist (d. 1963)
• 1884 – Jack Greenwell, English football player and manager (d. 1942)
• 1886 Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel, German officer (d. 1944)
• 1891 – Giovanni Michelucci, Italian architect, urban planner, and engraver (d. 1990)
• 1895 – Folke Bernadotte, Swedish soldier, human rights activist, and diplomat (d. 1948)
• 1896 – Dziga Vertov, Russian film director and film theorist (d. 1954)
• 1897 – Gaston Monnerville, French politician (d. 1991)
• 1899 – Burhan Belge, Turkish diplomat, politician and journalist (d. 1967)
• 1900 – Józef Klotz, Polish football player (d. 1941)
• 1902 – Safiye Erol, Turkish writer (d. 1964)
• 1903 - Kane Tanaka, the world's oldest person
• 1904 – Walter Heitler, German physicist (d. 1981)
• 1904 – Walther Hewel, German diplomat (d. 1945)
• 1920 – Isaac Asimov, American author and biochemist (d. 1992)
• 1920 – Nobuyuki Kato, Japanese former international football player
• 1922 – Blaga Dimitrova, Bulgarian poet (d. 2003)
• 1922 – Maurice Faure, French former politician and resistance fighter (d. 2014)
• 1924 – Guillermo Suárez Mason, Argentine general (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Sacit Seldüz, Turkish basketball player, volleyball player and trainer (d. 2018)
• 1925 – Michael Tippett, British opera and western classical composer (d. 1998)
• 1926 – Gino Marchetti, American football player (d. 2019)
• 1928 – Tamio Ōki, Japanese actor, voice actor, and storyteller (d. 2017)
• 1929 – Yılmaz Gündüz, Turkish basketball player, football player, director, producer, screenwriter and actor (d. 1997)
• 1931 - Jaroslav Weigel, Czech actor, playwright, comics artist and painter. (d. 2019)
• 1937 – Afet Ilgaz, Turkish writer (d. 2015)
• 1938 – Robert Smithson, American artist (d. 1973)
• 1943 – Barış Manço, Turkish musician, composer and singer (d. 1999)
• 1943 – Filiz Akin, Turkish actress
• 1943 – Janet Akyüz Mattei, American astronomer (d. 2004)
• 1946 – Ersin Burak, Turkish cartoonist and comics artist
• 1948 – Akin Birdal, Turkish politician
• 1957 – Fehmi Demir, Turkish politician and Chairman of the Rights and Freedoms Party (d. 2015)
• 1968 – Cuba Gooding, Jr., American actor, winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
• 1969 – Yavuz Seçkin, Turkish radio-TV programmer and actor
• 1976 – Hrysopiyi Devetzi, Greek athlete
• 1976 – Paz Vega, Spanish actor
• 1977 – Ahu Türkpençe, Turkish actress
• 1979 – Çağla Şikel, Turkish actress, presenter and model
• 1981 – Maxi Rodriguez, Argentine football player
• 1983 - Kate Bosworth, American actress
• 1986 – Ediz Bahtiyaroğlu, Turkish-Bosnian football player (d. 2012)
• 1987 - Lauren Storm, American actress
• 1987 – Loui Batley, English actor
• 1987 – Shelley Hennig, American actress and model
• 1991 – Luis Pedro Cavanda, Angolan footballer
• 1991 – Ömer Alimoğlu, Turkish shooter
• 1999 – Sina Ulbe, Turkish basketball player

Deaths

• 1861 – IV. Friedrich Wilhelm, King of Prussia (b. 1795)
• 1819 – Maria Luisa of Parma, queen of Spain (b. 1751)
• 1853 – Nesrin Hanım, the eleventh wife of Abdülmecid (b. 1826)
• 1891 – Alexander William Kinglake, English statesman and historian (b. 1809)
• 1896 – Walthère Frère-Orban, Belgian politician and statesman (b. 1812)
• 1915 – Armand Peugeot, French industrialist (b. 1849)
• 1917 – Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist (b. 1832)
• 1924 – Sabine Baring-Gould, English Anglican priest and novelist (b. 1834)
• 1939 – Roman Dmowski, Polish statesman (b. 1864)
• 1955 – José Antonio Remón Cantera, President of Panama (b. 1908)
• 1963 – Dick Powell, American actor (b. 1904)
• 1963 – Jack Carson, Canadian-American film actor (b. 1910)
• 1974 – Neva Gerber, American actress (b. 1894)
• 1980 – Mustafa Nihat Özön, Turkish literary historian, writer, educator and translator (b. 1896)
• 1981 – Eflatun Cem Güney, Turkish folklore researcher and storyteller (b. 1896)
• 1989 – Ondrej Nepela, Slovak ice skater (b. 1951)
• 1995 – Siad Barre, President of the Democratic Republic of Somalia (b. 1919)
• 1996 – Karl Rappan, Austrian national football player and manager (b. 1905)
• 2003 – Melih Birsel, Turkish architect (b. 1920)
• 2005 – Maclyn McCarty, American geneticist (b. 1911)
• 2006 – Juan Ambou, Spanish communist revolutionary and politician, member of the Spanish Communist Party (d. 1910)
• 2007 – Teddy Kollek, Israeli politician (b. 1911)
• 2009 – Ryuzo Hiraki, Japanese former international football player (b. 1931)
• 2011 – Anne Francis, American actress (b. 1930)
• 2011 – Pete Postlethwaite, English stage and film actor (b. 1946)
• 2012 – Anatoli Kolesov, Soviet Greco-Roman wrestler and coach (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Tuncer Sevi, Turkish theater and film actor (b. 1942)
• 2012 – Ioan Drăgan, Romanian football player (b. 1965)
• 2012 – Otto Scrinzi, Austrian neurologist, journalist, and far-right politician (b. 1918)
• 2013 – Ladislao Mazurkiewicz, Uruguayan former international football player and manager (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Stephen Resnick, North American economist (b. 1938)
• 2014 – Bernard Glasser, American film producer and director (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Dirk Sager, German journalist and author (b. 1940)
• 2014 – Jeanne Brabants, Belgian dancer, choreographer and teacher (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Abu Anas al-Libi, chief of Libyan al-Qaeda (b. 1964)
• 2015 – Lam Po-chuen, Hong Kong actor (b. 1951)
• 2015 – Little Jimmy Dickens, American country singer (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Roger Kitter, English actor and stand up comedian (b. 1949)
• 2015 – Noel Cobb, US-born British philosopher, psychiatrist, and author (b. 1938)
• 2016 – Sabri twentybeşoğlu, Turkish soldier (b. 1928)
• 2016 – Nimr Baqir al-Nimr, Shiite cleric, sheikh and ayatollah (b. 1959)
• 2016 – Michel Delpech, French singer, composer and actor (b. 1946)
• 2016 – Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan, Indian communist politician (b. 1924)
• 2016 – Gisela Mota Ocampo, Mexican female politician (b. 1982)
• 2016 – Marcel Barbeau, Canadian artist (b. 1925)
• 2016 – Maria Garbowska-Kierczyńska, Polish actress (b. 1922)
• 2016 – Frances Cress Welsing, American female Africanist, psychiatrist (b. 1935)
• 2016 – Faris ez-Zehrani, al-Qaeda member known as Abu Jandal Ezdi, 26th on the most wanted list in Saudi Arabia (b. 1977)
• 2016 – Matt Hobden, English cricketer (b. 1993)
• 2016 – Brad Fuller, American composer and sound engineer (b. 1953)
• 2017 – René Ballet, French journalist and author (b. 1928)
• 2017 – Enzo Benedetti, former Italian football player and manager (b. 1931)
• 2017 – John Berger, English writer and art critic (b. 1926)
• 2017 – Albert Preston Brewer, American politician (b. 1928)
• 2017 – François Chérèque, French executive and labor rights activist (b. 1956)
• 2017 – Richard Machowicz, American documentary filmmaker, presenter, actor, stuntman, and author (b. 1965)
• 2017 – Viktor Grigoryevich Tsaryov, former Russian-born Soviet national football player (b. 1931)
• 2018 – Frank Buxton, American actor, voice actor, writer, and television director (b. 1930)
• 2018 – Giovanni Di Clemente, Italian film producer and director (b. 1948)
• 2018 – Alan Roy Deakin, English football player (b. 1941)
• 2018 – Ferdinando Imposimato, Italian lawyer, activist, judge and politician (b. 1936)
• 2018 – Thomas Spencer Monson, 16th president and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Michael “Michel” Pfeiffer, former German international football player and manager (b. 1925)
• 2019 – Ramakant Achrekar, Indian cricketer and coach (b. 1932)
• 2019 – Malcolm Beard, American politician (b. 1919)
• 2019 – Paulien Ilse Maria van Deutekom, Dutch female speed skater (b. 1981)
• 2019 – Daryl Dragon, American musician songwriter and record producer (b. 1942)
• 2019 – Bob Einstein, American comedian and actor (b. 1942)
• 2019 – Gu Fangzhou, Chinese medical scientist (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Marko Nikolić, Serbian actor (b. 1946)
• 2019 – Gene Okerlund is an American Professional Wrestling host (b. 1942)
• 2019 – Salvador Martínez Pérez, Mexican Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1933)
• 2019 – Jerzy Turonek, Polish-Belarusian historian and writer (b. 1929)
• 2020 – John Anthony Baldessari, American artist (b. 1931)
• 2020 – Fazilatunesa Bappy, Bangladeshi lawyer and politician (b. 1970)
• 2020 – Mohammed Salih Dembri, Algerian politician and diplomat (b. 1938)
• 2020 – Nick Fish, American politician and lawyer (b. 1958)
• 2020 – Veronika Fitz, German actress (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Yukiko Miyake, Japanese female politician (b. 1965)
• 2020 – Bogusław Polch, Polish comics artist (b. 1941)
• 2020 – Élisabeth Rappeneau, French female film director and screenwriter (b. 1940)
• 2020 – Shen Yi-ming, Taiwanese military and politician (b. 1957)
• 2021 – Cléber Eduardo Arado, Brazilian former football player (b. 1972)
• 2021 – Alex Asmasoebrata, Indonesian politician and speedway driver (b. 1951)
• 2021 – Mary Catherine Bateson, American cultural anthropologist, educator, and author (b. 1939)
• 2021 – Lady Mary Colman, English noble and philanthropist (b. 1932)
• 2021 – Marco Formentini, Italian politician (b. 1930)
• 2021 – Guadalupe Grande, Spanish poet, writer, educator, and critic (b. 1965)
• 2021 – Wahid Hamed, Egyptian screenwriter (b. 1944)
• 2021 – Arsenio Lope Huerta, Spanish lawyer, politician, writer and economist (b. 1943)
• 2021 – Modibo Keita, Malian politician (b. 1942)
• 2021 – Vladimir Korenev, Soviet-Russian actor and educator (b. 1940)
• 2021 – Aylin Özmenek, TRT radio and TV presenter (b. 1942)
• 2021 – Michael P. Reese, American politician (b. 1978)
• 2021 – Yuri Vasilyevich Sauh, Soviet-Russian football player and manager (b. 1951)
• 2021 – Bernadette Isaac-Sabille, French woman politician (b. 1930)
• 2021 – Buta Singh, Indian politician (b. 1934)