Today in History: Russian Forces Withdraw from Chechnya

January 5 is the 5nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 360.

Railways

• 5 January 1870 Hirsen, as a French company in Paris, founded the ları Societe Imperiale des Chemin de Fer de la Turquie d'Europe ale.
• 5 January 1871 First passenger transportation started in Yedikule-Bakırköy-Yeşilköy-Küçükçekmece line. People living in Istanbul saw the train for the first time. The culture of commuting by train in daily life started in Istanbul.
• 5 January 1893 British Ambassador Sir Clare Ford officially conveyed to the Porte that the granting of the concession of the Ankara-Konya line to the Germans would harm the British interests. The ambassador threatened the Ottoman Empire with the British navy coming to Izmir. French and Russian envoys supported the British.
• January 5, 1929 The laws regarding the purchase of the Anatolian-Baghdad and Mersin-Tarsus-Adana railways and Haydarpaşa Port were passed by the Turkish Grand National Assembly.

Events

• 1759 - George Washington married Martha Dandridge Custis.
• 1781 – American Civil War: Richmond is burned by the Royal Navy under Benedict Arnold.
• 1809 – The Kale-i Sultaniye Treaty was signed, which ended the 1807-1809 Ottoman-British War.
• 1854 - San Francisco steamship sinks: 300 dead.
• 1889 - German physicist Martin Brendel photographed auroras for the first time.
• 1895 – Dreyfus case: In the trial in France on charges of espionage, Captain Alfred Dreyfus is sentenced to life imprisonment.
• 1919 – The German Workers' Party is founded in the Weimar Republic. This party would later become the "National Socialist German Workers' Party".
• 1921 – Circassian Ethem and his brothers took refuge in the occupation forces.
• 1922 - Liberation of Adana from enemy occupation.
• 1930 – Collectivization of agriculture begins in the Soviet Union.
• 1933 - Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco begins.
• 1961 – Yassıada trials continue. The 6-7 September Incidents case was concluded. Adnan Menderes, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and former İzmir governor Kemal Hadımlı were convicted. On the same day, Fuad Köprülü and Fahrettin Kerim Gökay were released from Yassıada.
• 1968 – Alexander Dubček comes to power in Czechoslovakia, who will initiate the Prague Spring.
• 1974 – An earthquake in Peru's Capital Lima killed 6 people and damaged hundreds of houses.
• 1979 – At the call of DİSK, a 5-minute work stoppage action (Action to Curse Fascism) was held across Turkey.
• 1981 – The Year of Atatürk in Turkey was opened to celebrations with the speech of President Gen. Kenan Evren in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1989 - US jets shot down two MiG-23 aircraft belonging to Libya.
• 1993 – Proclamation of the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria.
• 1993 – The first execution by hanging was carried out in the USA after 1965. Serial killer Westley Allan Dodd was hanged in Washington.
• 1997 - Russian forces withdraw from Chechnya.
• 2005 - Eris, the largest known dwarf planet, was discovered.

Births

• 1548 – Francisco Suárez, Spanish Jesuit priest, philosopher, and theologian (d. 1617)
• 1592 – Shah Jahan, 5th Ruler of the Mughal Empire (d. 1666)
• 1620 – Miklós Zrínyi, Croatian and Hungarian noble soldier, statesman, and poet (d. 1664)
• 1759 – Jacques Cathelineau, Saint of Anjou (d. 1793)
• 1767 – Jean-Baptiste Say, French philosopher and economist (b. 1832)
• 1846 – Rudolf Christoph Eucken, German philosopher, author, and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1926)
• 1851 – Böcüzade Süleyman Sami, Ottoman writer, bureaucrat and politician (d. 1932)
• 1855 – King Camp Gillette, American entrepreneur, inventor, and businessman (d. 1932)
• 1867 – Dimitrios Gunaris, Prime Minister of Greece from 25 February – 10 August 1915 and 26 March 1921 – 3 May 1922 (d. 1922)
• 1871 – Leonid Bolhovitinov, Russian soldier and orientalist (d. 1925)
• 1874 – Joseph Erlanger, American physiologist (d. 1965)
• 1876 ​​Konrad Adenauer, German statesman (d. 1967)
• 1880 – İbrahim Etem Ulagay, Turkish professor of medicine, physician and chemist (d. 1943)
• 1883 – Döme Sztójay, Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1946)
• 1884 – Ahmed Agdamski, Azerbaijani opera singer, actor (d. 1954)
• 1897 – Kiyoshi Miki, Japanese Marxist philosopher (d. 1945)
• 1900 – Yves Tanguy, French-American painter (d. 1955)
• 1902 – Stella Gibbons, English writer and novelist (d. 1989)
• 1904 – Jeane Dixon, American astrologer and psychic (d. 1997)
• 1911 – Jean-Pierre Aumont, French actor (d. 2001)
• 1913 – Nejat Eczacıbaşı, Turkish businessman (d. 1993)
• 1914 – Nicolas de Staël, French painter (d. 1955)
• 1917 – Jane Wyman, American actress (d. 2007)
• 1921 – Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Swiss writer (d. 1990)
• 1921 – Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 2019)
• 1921 – Kemal Ergüvenç, Turkish theater, film actor and voice actor (d. 1976)
• 1923 – Boris Leskin, American film, theater and television actor (d. 2020)
• 1923 – Endel Taniloo, Estonian sculptor (d. 2019)
• 1923 – Jan Matocha, Czechoslovak canoe racer (d. 2016)
• 1924 – Gerry Plamondon, Canadian professional ice hockey player (d. 2019)
• 1924 – Marc Bonnefous, French ambassador (d. 2002)
• 1925 – Jean-Paul Roux, French orientalist and Turcologist (d. 2009)
• 1928 – Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Pakistani statesman (d. 1979)
• 1928 – Walter Mondale, American politician (d. 2021)
• 1928 – Preben Hertoft, Danish psychiatrist and professor (d. 2017)
• 1928 – Girish Chandra Saxena, Indian bureaucrat (d. 2017)
• 1929 – Ümit Utku, Turkish director, screenwriter and producer (d. 2016)
• 1930 - Kay Lahusen, American journalist
• 1931 – Robert Duvall, American actor, director, and winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor
• 1931 – Alvin Ailey, American dancer, choreographer, and activist (d. 1989)
• 1932 – Raisa Gorbachev, wife of Mikhail Gorbachev (d. 1999)
• 1932 – Umberto Eco, Italian linguist and writer (d. 2016)
• 1932 – Bill Foulkes, English former international football player (d. 2013)
• 1933 – Anthony Bailey, English writer and art historian (d. 2020)
• 1934 – Phil Ramone, American, 14 Grammy-winning arranger and producer (d. 2013)
• 1934 – Antoni Pitxot, Spanish painter (d. 2015)
• 1935 – Forough Farrokhzad, Iranian poet, writer, director and painter (d. 1967)
• 1935 – Öner Ünalan, Turkish writer, translator and researcher (d. 2011)
• 1935 - Jack Hirsh, Canadian scientist
• 1936 – Sylvestre Nsanzimana, Rwandan politician
• 1937 - Hélène Cixous, French writer
• 1938 – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain
• 1938 – Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Kenyan writer
• 1938 - Brian Crowe, British diplomat
• 1940 – Adnan Mersinli, Turkish actor (d. 2016)
• 1941 – Hayao Miyazaki, Japanese manga and anime artist
• 1942 – Vicki Lansky, American writer and publisher of children's stories.
• 1943 – Atilla Özdemiroğlu, Turkish musician (d. 2016)
• 1946 – Diane Keaton, American actress and winner of the Academy Award for Best Actress
• 1947 – Osman Arpacıoğlu, Turkish football player and sportswriter (d. 2021)
• 1949 – Anne-Marie Lizin, Belgian politician (d. 2015)
• 1950 – Mehmet Mumtaz Tuzcu, Turkish poet
• 1956 – Gérard Berliner, French actor (d. 2010)
• 1959 – Maya Lin, Chinese-American architect and artist
• 1960 – Phil Thornalley, English musician and producer
• 1965 – Okday Korunan, Turkish actor and playwright
• 1966 – Özgür Ozan, Turkish actor
• 1968 – DJ Bobo, Swiss singer
• 1969 - Marilyn Manson, American musician
• 1970 – Erdal Beşikçioğlu, Turkish actor
• 1972 – Sakis Ruvas, Greek singer
• 1976 – Diego Tristan, Spanish football player
• 1977 – Alaaddin Şahintekin, Turkish karate
• 1980 – Sebastian Deisler, German football player
• 1982 – Janica Kostelić, Croatian skier
• 1987 – Kristin Cavallari, American actress and singer
• 1989 – Clara Cleymans, Belgian actress and voice actor
• 1991 – Soner Aydoğdu, Turkish football player
• 1996 – Max Baldry, English actor
• 1997 – Egehan Arna, Turkish basketball player
• 1998 – Merve Ari, Turkish basketball player
• 1999 – Berkin Elvan, Turkish student (d. 2014)

Deaths

• 842 – Mutasim, eighth Abbasid caliph (b. 794)
• 1066 – Edward, 8 June 1042 – 5 January 1066, king of England.
• 1387 – IV. Pedro, King of Aragon (b. 1319)
• 1477 – Charles le Téméraire, last duke of Burgundy of the Valois (b. 1433)
• 1588 – Qi Jiguang, Ming Dynasty general and national hero (b. 1528)
• 1589 – Catherine de' Medici, Queen of France (b. 1519)
• 1616 – Simeon Bekbulatovich, khan of the Kasım Khanate and tsar of the Russian Tsarist (b. ?)
• 1713 – Jean Chardin, French jeweler and traveler (b. 1643)
• 1714 – III. Mamia Gurieli, king of Imereti (b. ?)
• 1735 – Carlo Ruzzini, Venetian statesman and diplomat (b. 1653)
• 1762 – Yelizaveta, Russian Empress (b. 1709)
• 1776 – Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller, German zoologist (b. 1725)
• 1796 – Anna Barbara Reinhart, Swiss mathematician (b. 1730)
• 1818 – Marcello Bacciarelli, Italian painter (b. 1731)
• 1858 – Josef Wenzel Radetzky von Radetz, Austrian general (b. 1766)
• 1863 – Johann Wilhelm Zinkeisen, German historian (b. 1803)
• 1908 – Smbat Shahaziz, Armenian educator, writer, and journalist (b. 1840)
• 1913 – Lewis A. Swift, American astronomer (b. 1820)
• 1922 – Ernest Shackleton, Irish-English explorer (b. 1874)
• 1925 – Yevgeniya Blank, Bolshevik activist and politician (b. 1879)
• 1929 – Nikolai Nikolayevich Romanov, Russian general (b. 1856)
• 1933 – Calvin Coolidge, 30th President of the United States (b. 1872)
• 1951 – Andrey Platonov, Russian writer (b. 1899)
• 1951 – Phillip Jaisohn, Korean activist, journalist, politician, doctor (b. 1864)
• 1953 – Ramiz Gökçe, Turkish cartoonist (b. 1900)
• 1970 – Max Born, German physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1882)
• 1972 – Tevfik Rüştü Aras, Turkish politician and diplomat (b. 1883)
• 1975 – Arif Nihat Asya, Turkish poet and writer (b. 1904)
• 1976 – Hamit Kaplan, Turkish Olympic and World champion wrestler (b. 1933)
• 1976 – Necmeddin Okyay, Turkish calligrapher, marbling artist, violinist, rose grower, tugrakes, ahar maker, bookbinder, imam and orator (b. 1883)
• 1981 – Harold Clayton Urey, American chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1893)
• 1982 – Ahmet Zaim, Turkish Cypriot politician and diplomat (b. 1927)
• 1982 – Edmund Herring, Australian soldier (b. 1892)
• 1985 – Robert Surtees, American cinematographer and Academy Award winner (b. 1906)
• 1986 – Aynur Gürkan, Turkish folk music artist
• 1990 – Arthur Kennedy, American actor (b. 1914)
• 1998 – Sonny Bono, American singer, actor, and politician (b. 1935)
• 2001 – Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe, English analytical philosopher (b. 1919)
• 2003 – Roy Jenkins, British politician (b. 1920)
• 2004 – Frank Edwin "Tug" McGraw, Jr. is an American baseball player. (b. 1944)
• 2009 – Mustafa Ok, Turkish soldier and politician (b. 1925)
• 2010 – Beverly Elaine Aadland, American actress (b. 1942)
• 2012 – Don Carter, American professional bowler (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Eusébio, Portuguese football player (b. 1942)
• 2014 – Annamária Kinde, Hungarian-Romanian journalist, writer and editor (b. 1956)
• 2014 – Uday Kiran, Indian actor (b. 1980)
• 2014 – Alma Muriel, Mexican actress (b. 1951)
• 2014 – Carmen Margarita Zapata, American actress (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Mustapha Zitouni, Algerian former international football player (b. 1928)
• 2015 – Joy Ali, Fijian lightweight boxer (b. 1978)
• 2015 – Jean-Pierre Beltoise, French Formula 1 racer (b. 1937)
• 2015 – Khan Bonflis, English actor of East Asian descent (b. 1972)
• 2015 – Eylül Cansın, Turkish transgender woman (b. 1992)
• 2016 – Memduh Abdulalim, Egyptian actor (b. 1956)
• 2016 – Pierre Boulez, French composer, choirmaster, writer and pianist. (b. 1925)
• 2016 – Rudolf Haag, German theoretical physicist (b. 1922)
• 2016 – Percy Freeman, English football player (b. 1945)
• 2016 – Jean-Paul L'Allier, Canadian liberal politician and journalist (b. 1938)
• 2016 – Elizabeth Swados, American writer, composer, musician, and theater director (b. 1951)
• 2017 – Leonardo Benevolo, Italian architect, art historian and urban planner (b. 1923)
• 2017 – Géori Boué, French female soprano and opera singer (b. 1918)
• 2017 – Alfonso Humberto Robles Cota, Mexican bishop (b. 1931)
• 2017 – Rafiq Subaie, Syrian actor, writer and director (b. 1930)
• 2018 – Antonio Valentín Angelillo, Italian football player and manager (b. 1937)
• 2018 – Henry-Jean Baptiste, French politician (b. 1933)
• 2018 – Thomas J. Bopp, American astronomer, scientist, and explorer (b. 1949)
• 2018 – Aydın Boysan, Turkish architect and journalist (b. 1921)
• 2018 – Jerry McCord Van Dyke, American comedian, actor, and voice actor (b. 1931)
• 2018 – Marian Labuda, Slovak actor (b. 1944)
• 2018 – Münir Özkul, Turkish storyteller, theater and film actor (b. 1925)
• 2018 – John W. Young, American astronaut (b. 1930)
• 2019 – Emil Brumaru, Romanian poet and writer (b. 1938)
• 2019 – Erick Haydock, English musician and guitarist (b. 1943)
• 2019 – Maria Dolores Malumbres, Spanish pianist, music educator, and composer (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Rudolf A. Raff, Canadian-American biologist and professor of Biology at Indiana University (b. 1941)
• 2019 – Bernice Sandler, American women's rights activist, educator, and author (b. 1928)
• 2019 – Dragoslav Šekurac, Serbian football coach and former football player (b. 1937)
• 2020 – Walter Learning, Canadian theater director, playwright, broadcaster and actor (b. 1938)
• 2020 – Antoni Morell Mora, Spanish-born Andorran diplomat, lawyer, bureaucrat, and author (b. 1941)
• 2021 – Bonifácio José Tamm de Andrada, Brazilian politician, legal scholar, and journalist (b. 1930)
• 2021 – Colin Bell, English international football player (b. 1946)
• 2021 – José Carlos Silveira Braga, Former Brazilian professional football player (b. 1930)
• 2021 – Christina Crosby, American educator, activist, and author (b. 1953)
• 2021 – João Cutileiro, Portuguese master sculptor (b. 1937)
• 2021 – Annasif Døhlen, Norwegian painter and sculptor (b. 1930)
• 2021 – James Greene, Northern Irish actor (b. 1931)
• 2021 – Tyberii Korponai, Soviet-Ukrainian former professional football player (b. 1958)
• 2021 – John Richardson, English actor (b. 1934)

Holidays and special occasions

• The liberation of Adana and Tarsus from the French occupation (1922)