January 28 is the 28nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 337.
Railways
- 28 January 1898 The British railways in the Ottoman lands were İzmir-Aydın and Mersin Adana lines and they reached a total of 440 km. In the same year the French had the 1266 and the Germans had the 1020 km long railway.
Events
- 1517 – The Ottoman Army under the command of Yavuz Sultan Selim entered Cairo.
- 1547 – VI. Edward became King of England.
- 1807 - Pall Mall Street became the first street to be illuminated in history.
- 1820 - Russian team led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev discovered the continent of Antarctica.
- 1871 – Franco-Prussian War: France surrenders and the war ends.
- 1909 - American troops, who had been there since the Spanish-American War, leave Cuba.
- 1918 – Leon Trotsky begins to form the Red Army in the Soviet Union.
- 1920 – In the secret session of the Ottoman Parliament, the National Pact was accepted.
- 1921 – After arriving in Trabzon, Mustafa Suphi and his friends were put on a motorbike by the Steward of the Pier, Unionist Yahya, and were killed at sea at night.
- 1921 - Albert Einstein proposed that the universe could be measured. It started a debate in the scientific world.
- 1923 – The Ministry of Interior changed the name of Izmit province to Kocaeli.
- 1925 – Progressive Republican Party Istanbul Branch was opened.
- 1929 – The agreement signed between the Ford company and the Ministry of Finance to establish an automobile assembly plant in Istanbul was approved in the Parliament.
- 1932 - Japan occupied Shanghai.
- 1935 - Iceland becomes the first country to legalize abortion.
- 1939 – Istanbul Tram Company was purchased by the State for 1.570.000 liras.
- 1956 – Personnel Law announced; The highest salary will be 2 thousand liras.
- 1957 – Two female members were elected to the Council of State for the first time: Nezahat Martı and Şükran Esmerer.
- 1958 – During the rally organized by the Turks in Cyprus, 8 people were killed when British soldiers opened fire and a truck was driven on the people deliberately. The Turkish Grand National Assembly decided to condemn the United Kingdom on 31 January.
- 1959 – There was a flood in Çukurova. 200 orange trees were flooded, a textile factory was flooded. The damage is estimated to be 5 million TL. There was a shortage of food in the region.
- 1963 – 170 workers working at the Kavel Kablo Factory in İstinye, Istanbul, went on a sit-in strike. The workers wanted the reinstatement of their four friends, who were dismissed due to unionisation.
- 1971 – Young people protested the American 6th Fleet in Izmir; 20 young people were detained.
- 1975 – Chairman of the Republican People's Party Bülent Ecevit said, “The Nationalist Front is the chief responsible for the events”.
- 1982 – Fugitive right-wing activist Isa Armağan, sentenced to death, was arrested in Iran.
- 1982 – Kemal Arıkan, Turkey's Consul General to Los Angeles, is killed; “Armenian Genocide Justice Commandos” claimed responsibility for the attack.
- 1983 – 12st execution of the September 31 Coup: Levon Ekmekçiyan, one of the ASALA militants who carried out the attack on Esenboğa Airport on 9 August 72, in which 7 people were killed and 1982 people were injured, was hanged in Ankara Closed Prison.
- 1986 – Sakıp Sabancı was elected President of the Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association (TÜSİAD).
- 1986 – Space shuttle Challenger disintegrates 73 seconds after launch: seven astronauts die. It was suggested that the fault was caused by a leak in solid fuel engines.
- 1987 – Turkey announced that it accepted the right of individual application to the Council of Europe's Human Rights Commission by making reservations.
- 1988 – THY banned smoking on domestic flights.
- 1992 – The Constitutional Court shuts down the United Communist Party of Turkey.
- 1993 – The General Staff announced that the “coup period” was over.
- 1994 – Turkish warplanes bombarded the PKK's (Kurdistan Workers' Party) Zeli camp in Northern Iraq.
- 1997 – Four police officers on duty during the apartheid rule in South Africa officially admitted that they killed the revolutionary student leader Steve Biko in 1977.
- 1997 – The Promotion Act came into effect. Periodicals will not be able to promote other than cultural purposes.
- 2002 – Ecuadorian Airlines Boeing 727-100 passenger plane crashes into the Andes mountains in southern Colombia: 92 people are killed.
- 2004 – The removal of six zeros from the Turkish lira and the depreciation of the currency. New Turkish Lira The draft law, which envisages that
- 2006 – The roof of an exhibition hall in Katowice, Poland, collapsed under the weight of accumulating snow: 62 people were killed and 140 injured.
- 2008 – In the accident that occurred when the train, which was on the Haydarpaşa-Denizli expedition, derailed at around 02:00 in the town of Çöğürler in Kütahya, 436 people out of 9 passengers died. About 300 people were injured in various parts.
Births
- 1457 – VII. Henry, King of England (d. 1509)
- 1600 – IX. Clemens, Christian clergyman, Pope (d. 1669)
- 1611 – Johannes Hevelius, Polish Protestant council member (d. 1687)
- 1712 – Tokugawa Ieshige, 9th shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate (d. 1761)
- 1717 – III. Mustafa, 26th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1774)
- 1768 – VI. Frederick, King of Denmark and Norway (d. 1839)
- 1825 – Benedetto Cairoli, Italian politician, left-wing leader of the Risorgimento era, and three-time Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1889)
- 1833 – Charles George Gordon, English general (d. 1885)
- 1834 – Sabine Baring-Gould, English Anglican priest and novelist (d. 1924)
- 1841 Henry Morton Stanley, American journalist (d. 1904)
- 1844 – Gyula Benczúr, Hungarian painter (d. 1920)
- 1853 – Jose Marti, Cuban poet, author, and pioneer of the Cuban independence struggle (d. 1895)
- 1865 – Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, first president of the Republic of Finland (d. 1952)
- 1872 – Otto Braun, German socialist theorist and Social Democratic Party leader (d. 1955)
- 1872 – Ahmet Baytursun, Kazakh educator, linguist, writer, poet, politician (d. 1937)
- 1873 – Colette (Sidonie-Gabrielle), French playwright (female novelist whose style pioneered French literature in the first half of the 20th century) (d. 1954)
- 1875 – Julian Carrillo, Mexican composer (d. 1965)
- 1877 – Wojciech Brydziński, Polish theater, radio and film actor (d. 1966)
- 1878 – Jean de La Hire, French writer (d. 1956)
- 1879 – Julia Bell, British human genetics researcher (d. 1979)
- 1880 – Sergey Malov, Russian linguist, Orientalist, Turcologist (d. 1957)
- 1881 – Siegfried Jacobsohn, German journalist and theater critic (d. 1926)
- 1883 – Necmeddin Okyay, Turkish calligrapher, marbling artist, violinist, rose grower, tugrakes, stockbroker, bookbinder, imam and orator (d. 1976)
- 1884 – Auguste Piccard, Swiss physicist (d. 1962)
- 1887 – Arthur Rubinstein, Polish-born American piano virtuoso (d. 1982)
- 1890 – Robert Franklin Stroud, American prisoner (Alcatraz Birder) (d. 1963)
- 1892 – Armen Doryan, Ottoman Armenian poet and teacher (d. 1923)
- 1897 – Valentin Katayev, Russian novelist and playwright (noted for his distinctive style in post-Revolutionary Russia) (d. 1986)
- 1906 – Markos Vafiadis, co-founder of the Communist Party of Greece and Commander of the Democratic Army in the Greek Civil War (d. 1992)
- 1912 – Jackson Pollock, American painter (d. 1956)
- 1920 – Xavier de La Chevalerie, French ambassador (d. 2004)
- 1958 – Eşref Kolçak, Turkish actor (d. 2019)
- 1929 – Claes Oldenburg, Swedish-American pop-art sculptor
- 1935 – Maria Eugenia Lima, Angolan poet, dramaturge and novelist
- 1936 – Ismail Kadare, Albanian writer
- 1938 – Leonid Ivanovich Jabotinskiy, Soviet weightlifter
- 1940 – Carlos Slim Helú, Lebanese-Mexican businessman
- 1942 – Brian Jones, English rock musician (d. 1969)
- 1947 – Haydar Baş, Turkish politician, theologian, writer and educator (d. 2020)
- 1948 – İbrahim Yazıcı, Turkish politician and sports administrator (d. 2013)
- 1953 – Anicée Alvina, French actress (d. 2006)
- 1954 – Ümit Yesin, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor (d. 2019)
- 1955 – Nicolas Sarkozy, French politician
- 1958 – Sandy Gandhi, Australian comedian and columnist (d. 2017)
- 1968 – Sarah McLachlan, Canadian musician
- 1970 – Julia Jäger, German actress
- 1973 – Natalya Morozova, Russian volleyball player
- 1975 – Susana Feitor, Portuguese hiker
- 1975 – Tijen Karaş, Turkish news anchor
- 1978 – Gianluigi Buffon, Italian football player
- 1981 – Elijah Wood, American actor
- 1981 – Volga Sorgun, Turkish cinema and TV series actor
- 1993 – Ezgi Şenler, Turkish actress
Deaths
- 661 – Ali bin Abu Talib, 656th Islamic Caliph of the Islamic State from 661-4 (b. 600)
- 814 – Charlemagne, King of Germany (b. 742)
- 1547 – VIII. Henry, King of England (b. 1491)
- 1621 – Paul V, Pope (b. 1552)
- 1625 – Circassian Mehmed Ali Pasha, Ottoman statesman (b. ?)
- 1687 – Johannes Hevelius, Polish Protestant council member (b. 1611)
- 1688 – Ferdinand Verbiest, Flemish Jesuit missionary, priest (b. 1623)
- 1847 – Pierre Amédée Jaubert, French diplomat, academic, orientalist, translator, politician, and traveler (b. 1779)
- 1864 – Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron, French engineer and physicist (b. 1799)
- 1866 – Robert Foulis, Canadian inventor, civil engineer, and artist (b. 1796)
- 1866 – Emil Dessewffy, Hungarian conservative politician (b. 1814)
- 1878 – Cincinnato Baruzzi, Italian sculptor (b. 1796)
- 1884 – Augustin-Alexandre Dumont, French sculptor (b. 1801)
- 1891 – Nikolaus August Otto, German mechanical engineer (b. 1832)
- 1921 – Mustafa Suphi, Turkish communist politician and first Central Committee Chairman of the Communist Party of Turkey (assassinated) (b. 1883)
- 1924 – Teófilo Braga, President of Portugal, writer, playwright (b. 1843)
- 1926 – Kato Takaaki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1860)
- 1939 – William Butler Yeats, Irish poet and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
- 1940 – Sultan Galiyev, Tatar leader, thinker and father of national communism (executed) (b. 1892)
- 1953 – Neyzen Tevfik Kolaylı, Turkish ney master and famous satirical poet (b. 1879)
- 1965 – Maxime Weygand, French general (b. 1867)
- 1981 – Özdemir Asaf, Turkish poet (b. 1923)
- 1982 – Kemal Arıkan, Turkish diplomat (b. 1927)
- 1983 – Levon Ekmekçiyan, Armenian ASALA militant (one of the perpetrators of the Esenboğa Airport attack on 7 August 1982) (b. 1958)
- 1986 – Gregory Jarvis, American captain, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1944)
- 1986 – Christa McAuliffe, American educator and astronaut (b. 1948)
- 1986 – Ronald McNair, American physicist and astronaut (b. 1950)
- 1986 – Ellison Onizuka, American engineer and astronaut (b. 1946)
- 1986 – Judith Resnik, American colonel, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1949)
- 1986 – Dick Scobee, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1939)
- 1986 – Michael J. Smith, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1945)
- 1988 – Klaus Fuchs, German theoretical physicist and atomic spy (b. 1911)
- 1989 – Gürbüz Bora, Turkish theater artist
- 1996 – Joseph Brodsky, Russian poet (b. 1940)
- 2002 – Astrid Lindgren, Swedish writer (b. 1907)
- 2002 – Ayşenur Zarakolu, Turkish publisher, writer and human rights defender (known for her publications on taboo subjects) (b. 1946)
- 2004 – Joe Viterelli, American actor (b. 1937)
- 2005 – Jim Capaldi, English musician (Traffic) (b. 1944)
- 2010 – Ömer Uluç, Turkish painter (b. 1931)
- 2012 – Keriman Halis Ece, Turkish pianist, model and Turkey's first world beauty (b. 1913)
- 2013 – Ferdi Özbegen, Turkish pianist and singer (b. 1941)
- 2015 – Yves Chauvin, French chemist (b. 1930)
- 2016 – Ales Debeljak, Slovenian writer (b. 1961)
- 2017 – Engin Cezzar, Turkish director, theater, cinema and TV series actor (b. 1935)
- 2017 – Alyaksandr Tsihanovic, Belarusian singer (b. 1952)
- 2017 – Mehmet Türker, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1944)
- 2017 – Ion Ungureanu, Moldovan actor and politician (b. 1935)
- 2021 – Paul Crutzen, Dutch atmospheric chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1933)
- 2021 – Cicely Tyson, American actress and model (b. 1924)
- 2021 – César Isella, Argentine singer, musician, journalist and songwriter (b. 1938)
- 2021 – Cedric Demangeot, French poet, translator and publisher (b. 1974)
- 2021 – Ryszard Kotys, Polish actor (b. 1932)
Holidays and special occasions
- Storm: Ayandon Storm (2 Days)
- Data Privacy Day
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