Today in History: Ensign Mustafa Fehmi Kubilay Was Killed by Opponents of the Republic

December 23 is the 357th day of the year (358th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 8.

Railways

• 23 December 1888 From the British-origin Ottoman company operating the Haydarpasa-Izmir railway, the railway was requested to be delivered to the State. The company, which did not want to accept this, tried to activate Britain. Britain's intervention was prevented when the Ottoman Empire announced its contacts in British Prime Minister Lodr Salisbury and announced its right in the lease.
• 23 December 1899 Deutsche Bank General Manager Siemens and Zihni Pasha signed the Anatolia-Baghdad Railway Concession Agreement.
• 23 December 1924 Construction of Samsun Sivas railway line started.

Events

• 1872 – Education started at Vefa High School.
• 1876 ​​– I. Constitutional Monarchy, II. Abdülhamit's line was announced with his imperial. Although it ended on February 13, 1878, in the country parliament gave birth to the idea.
• 1888 - Depressed painter Vincent Van Gogh cut off his ear.
• 1916 – World War I: In the Battle of Megdaba, Combined Forces capture a Turkish garrison in the Sinai peninsula.
• 1928 – Poet Nâzım Hikmet was sentenced to 3 years and 3 months in prison.
• 1930 – In the uprising in Menemen, reserve officer teacher Mustafa Fehmi Kubilay was killed by the opponents of the Republic. In the same incident, Bekçi Hasan and Bekçi Şevki were also killed.
• 1930 – Population exchange was carried out between Turkey and Greece.
• 1947 - Bell Laboratories introduced the transistor to the world for the first time.
• 1948 – Japan's wartime Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and 6 of the leaders of that period are hanged in Tokyo.
• 1953 – Lavrenti Beria, former Chief of the Soviet Union's Secret Police, is shot. Beria was accused of spying.
• 1954 – The first human-to-human kidney transplant is performed at Peter Bent Brigham hospital in Boston. Dr. Joseph Murray and Dr. J. Hartwell Harrison had a kidney transplant from one of the twin brothers to the other.
• 1963 – Bloody Christmas events: As a result of events, Turks from small villages began to migrate to larger villages.
• 1967 – The translation of French thinker François-Noël Babeuf's "Revolution Writings" into Turkish was prosecuted and the book was confiscated. Intellectuals who were tried for protesting this situation were acquitted. The intellectuals on trial were Yaşar Kemal, Melih Cevdet Anday, Demir Özlü, Şükran Kurdakul, Edip Cansever, Arif Damar, Memet Fuat, Orhan Arsal, Hüsamettin Bozok, and Sabri Altınel.
• 1972 – 6.5 magnitude earthquake in Managua, the Capital of Nicaragua.
• 1973 – Passenger plane crashes in Morocco: 106 people die.
• 1979 – Turkish Airlines' Trabzon plane crashed due to heavy fog while on the Samsun-Ankara flight; 39 people died.
• 1980 – 4 Palestinians who raided the Egyptian Embassy in Ankara were sentenced to death.
• 1986 – The Revolutionary Workers' Unions Confederation case, which had been going on for 6 years, ended. DISC is closed. Prison sentences of up to 1477 years were given for 264 out of 15 defendants.
• 1986 - Voyager, made of advanced composite materials, completes its circumnavigation of the Earth without stopping and refueling.
• 1989 – The ousted President of Romania, Nicolae Ceauşescu, and his wife, Elena, are caught trying to flee the country.
• 1990 – Referendum held in Slovenia, one of the three Republics of Yugoslavia; The people decided for independence.
• 1995 – In Dabwali, India, a fire broke out during the year-end party, killing 170 people, including 540 children.
• 1996 – The people of Bergama marched naked to protest the production of cyanide gold.
• 2002 – A Ukrainian plane via Trabzon crashed near the Iranian city of Ardestan. 46 Ukrainian and Russian scientists on board were killed.
• 2004 – 8.1 magnitude earthquake on Macquarie Island in the Southern Ocean.

Births

• 1573 – Giovanni Battista Crespi, Italian painter, sculptor, and architect (d. 1632)
• 1597 – Martin Opitz von Boberfeld, German poet (d. 1639)
• 1605 – Tianqi, 15th emperor of China's Ming Dynasty (d. 1627)
• 1646 – Jean Hardouin, French scientist (d. 1729)
• 1745 – John Jay, American statesman, patriot, diplomat (d. 1829)
• 1750 – Frederick I Augustus, King of Saxony (d. 1827)
• 1777 – Alexander I, Czar of Russia (d. 1825)
• 1790 – Jean-François Champollion, French philologist, orientalist, and Egyptologist (d. 1832)
• 1793 – Dost Mohammed Khan, ruler of Afghanistan (1826-1863) and founder of the Barakzai Dynasty (d. 1863)
• 1805 – Joseph Smith, Jr., American clergyman, founder and first prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1844)
• 1810 – Karl Richard Lepsius, German Egyptologist and philologist (d. 1884)
• 1862 – Henri Pirenne, Belgian historian (d. 1935)
• 1867 – Sarah Breedlove Walker, United States' first black female millionaire, businesswoman, and philanthropist (d. 1919)
• 1907 – James Roosevelt was the eldest son of Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt (d. 1991)
• 1908 – Yousuf Karsh, Armenian-Canadian photographer (d. 2002)
• 1910 - Kurt Meyer, II. Waffen-SS General in Nazi Germany in World War II (d. 1961)
• 1911 – Niels Kaj Jerne, Danish immunologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
• 1916 – Dino Risi, Italian film director (d. 2008)
• 1918 – Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of Germany (d. 2015)
• 1920 – Sadettin Bilgiç, Turkish politician (d. 2012)
• 1925 – Pierre Bérégovoy, French politician and former Prime Minister (suicide) (d. 1993)
• 1926 – Robert Bly, American poet, author, and activist (d. 2021)
• 1929 – Chet Baker, American jazz musician (d. 1988)
• 1933 - Akihito, Emperor of Japan
• 1937 – Doğan Hızlan, Turkish journalist and writer
• 1938 – Bob Kahn, American electrical engineer
• 1940 – Memnun Hussein, Pakistani businessman and politician (d. 2021)
• 1942 – Kennan Adeang, Nauruan politician (d. 2011)
• 1942 – Quentin Bryce is Australia's 25th Governor-General
• 1943 – Gianni Ambrosio, Italian bishop
• 1943 – Harry Shearer, American actor, comedian, author, voice actor, musician, and radio host
• 1943 - Silvia, King XVI. Queen of Sweden as Carl Gustaf's wife
• 1944 – Wesley Clark, American soldier and politician
• 1945 – Adli Mahmoud Mansour, ex-president of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt
• 1946 - Susan Lucci is an American actress.
• 1948 Davis Davis, British politician
• 1950 – Vicente Del Bosque, Spanish football coach
• 1952 – William Kristol, American politician
• 1955 – Şivan Perwer, Kurdish musician, poet and writer
• 1956 – Michele Alboreto, Italian racing driver (d. 2001)
• 1956 – Dave Murray, English musician and electric guitarist of the heavy metal band Iron Maiden
• 1958 - Joan Severance, American actress
• 1959 – Demet Akbağ, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actress
• 1961 – İhsan Eliacik, Turkish writer and commentator
• 1962 – Bertrand Gachot, French-Belgian former racer
• 1962 – Stefan Hell, German physicist
• 1963 – Donna Tartt, American fiction writer
• 1964 – Eddie Vedder, American musician, lead singer, songwriter, and guitarist of the grunge rock band Pearl Jam
• 1966 – Lisa Marie Abato, American pornographic film actress and anti-pornography activist
• 1967 – Carla Bruni, Italian-born French musician and photomodel
• 1968 - Manuel Rivera-Ortiz, American photographer
• 1970 – Catriona Le May Doan, Canadian speed skater
• 1971 – Corey Haim, Canadian actor (d. 2010)
• 1971 – Tara Palmer-Tomkinson, British TV personality, presenter, model (d. 2017)
• 1974 – Agustín Delgado, Ecuadorian football player
• 1975 Colleen Martin, American singer
• 1976 – Joanna Hayes, American hurdler
• 1976 – Jamie Noble, American semi-retired professional wrestler
• 1976 – Amjad Sabri, Pakistani musician (d. 2016)
• 1977 – Jari Mäenpää, Finnish musician
• 1978 - Estella Warren, Canadian Former synchronized swimmer, model and actress
• 1979 - Kenny Miller, Scottish former football player
• 1986 – Balázs Dzsudzsák, Hungarian national football player
• 1992 – Jeffrey Schlupp, Ghanaian international football player
• 1996 – Bartosz Kapustka, Polish football player
• 2002 – Finn Wolfhard, Canadian film and television actor

Deaths

• 484 - Hunerik is king of the Vandals and Alans in North Africa
• 918 – Konrad I, king of East Francia from 911 to 918 (b. 881)
• 940 – Râdî is the twentieth Abbasid caliph and the thirty-eighth caliph who was the caliph during the period of 934–940 (d. 907)
• 1384 – Thomas Preljubović, ruler of the Despotate of Epirus in Ioannina from 1366 until his death on December 23, 1384
• 1652 – John Cotton, English-American Protestant-Anglican clergyman (b. 1585)
• 1834 – Thomas Robert Malthus, English economist (b. 1766)
• 1864 – Henrik Johan Holmberg, Finnish naturalist, geologist, and ethnographer (b. 1818)
• 1906 – Dame Gruev, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1871)
• 1907 – Pierre Janssen, French astronomer (b. 1824)
• 1930 – Mustafa Fehmi Kubilay, Turkish teacher and soldier (b. 1906)
• 1931 – Mehmet Rauf, Turkish novelist (b. 1875)
• 1939 – Anthony Fokker, Dutch aircraft manufacturer (b. 1890)
• 1948 – Kenji Doihara, Japanese soldier (b. 1883)
• 1948 – Kōki Hirota, Japanese diplomat and politician (b. 1878)
• 1948 – Seishirō Itagaki, Japanese soldier and politician (b. 1885)
• 1948 - Iwane Matusi, Japanese soldier. Lieutenant General of the Imperial Japanese Land Forces (b. 1878)
• 1948 - Akira Mutō, Japanese soldier. Lieutenant General of the Imperial Japanese Land Forces (b. 1892)
• 1948 - Heitarō Kimura, Japanese soldier. General of the Imperial Japanese Land Forces (b. 1888)
• 1948 – Hideki Tojo, Japanese soldier, philosopher, and statesman (b. 1884)
• 1948 – Hong Saik, Japanese soldier (b. 1889)
• 1952 – Eli Heckscher, Swedish historian (b. 1879)
• 1953 – Lavrenti Beria Soviet Secret Police Chief (shotgun) (b. 1899)
• 1954 – René Iché, French sculptor (b. 1897)
• 1961 - Kurt Meyer, II. Waffen-SS General in Nazi Germany in World War II (b. 1910)
• 1972 – Andrei Tupolev, Soviet aircraft designer (b. 1888)
• 1973 – Charles Atlas, Italian-American bodybuilder (b. 1892)
• 1979 – Peggy Guggenheim, American art collector (b. 1898)
• 1979 – Dirk Stikker, Dutch banker, industrialist, politician and diplomat (b. 1897)
• 1994 – Sebastian Shaw, English actor, director, playwright, and poet (b. 1905)
• 2007 – Oscar Peterson, Canadian jazz musician (b. 1925)
• 2009 – Cüneyt Gökçer, Turkish cinema and theater actor (b. 1920)
• 2011 – Aydın Menderes, Turkish politician (son of Adnan Menderes) (b. 1946)
• 2013 – Mikhail Kalashnikov, Russian lieutenant general and small arms designer (b. 1919)
• 2014 – K. Balachander, Indian film director and writer (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Michael Earl, American puppeteer, voice actor, and screenwriter (b. 1959)
• 2015 – Bülend Ulusu, Turkish soldier and politician (b. 1923)
• 2015 – Alfred G. Gilman, US citizen pharmacologist (drug scientist) (b. 1941)
• 2015 – Don Howe, English former international footballer and manager (b. 1935)
• 2015 – Bülend Ulusu, Turkish soldier and politician (b. 1923)
• 2016 – Heinrich Schiff, Austrian conductor and cellist (b. 1951)
• 2016 – Piers Sellers, British-born Anglo-American meteorologist and NASA astronaut (b. 1955)
• 2017 – Maurice Hayes, Irish politician (b. 1927)
• 2017 – Mark Whittow, British historian, archaeologist and academic (b. 1957)
• 2018 – Alfred Bader, Austrian-Canadian businessman, chemist, philanthropist, and art collector (b. 1924)
• 2019 – John Cain, Australian politician (b. 1931)
• 2019 Niebla, Mexican professional wrestler (b. 1973)
• 2020 – Irani Barbosa, Brazilian politician (b. 1950)
• 2020 – James E. Gunn, American science fiction writer, critic, and professor of English (b. 1923)
• 2020 – Mannan Hira, Bangladeshi playwright, film producer and director (b. 1956)
• 2020 – Orhan Kural, Turkish Mining Engineer, academic, traveler and activist (b. 1950)
• 2020 – Pero Kvrgić, Croatian actor (b. 1927)
• 2020 – Mićo Mićić, Bosnian-Serbian politician (b. 1956)
• 2020 – Kay Purcell, English actress and activist (b. 1963)
• 2020 – Leslie West, American rock guitarist, singer and songwriter (b. 1945)