Today in History: Bread Has Become Cheaper Thirty Money

December 3 is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 28.

Railways

• 3 December 1918 The British allowed the much-needed 10 from German technicians to stay in the Ottoman country.

Events

• 915 – Pope John 10 crowns Berengar I in Italy as Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1775 – USS Alfred becomes the first ship to fly the Grand Union Flag; the flag in question was hoisted by John Paul Jones.
• 1799 – War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Wiesloch: Austrian Lieutenant Marshal Anton Sztáray defeats the French at Wiesloch.
• 1800 – War of the Second Coalition – Battle of Hohenlinden: French General Moreau decisively defeats Archduke John of Austria near Munich. Combined with First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte's previous victory at Marengo, this would force the Austrians to sign an armistice and end the war.
• 1800 – United States presidential election: The Electoral College team was voting for president and vice president, which would result in a link between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.
• 1818 - Illinois becomes the 21st state of the United States.
• 1834 - The Zollverein (German Customs Union) started the first regular census in Germany.
• 1854 – The nurse, after whom Florence Nightingale Hospital is named, treated and cared for British soldiers injured during the Crimean War in Selimiye Barracks in Üsküdar.
• 1854 – Battle of Eureka Stockade: More than 20 gold miners are killed by state troops in Ballarat, Victoria, in a riot over mining licenses.
• 1898 – Duquesne Country and Athletic Club beat a collection of former football players 16-0 in what is considered the first all-star game for professional American football.
• 1901 – Former US President Theodore Roosevelt delivers a 20.000-word speech to the House of Representatives in his 'State of the Union' message, asking Congress to limit the power of trusts "within reasonable limits."
• 1904 - Discovered by Charles Dillon Perrine at the Lick Observatory in Himalia, California.
• 1910 - Modern neon lighting was first demonstrated by Georges Claude at the Paris Motor Show.
• 1912 – Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia (Balkan Union) signed an armistice with the Ottoman Empire that temporarily stopped the 1st Balkan War. (This truce was to end on February 3, 1913, and hostilities would resume.)
• 1918 – held in London after World War I Allied Congress it ended; Germany was ordered to pay war reparations.
• 1923 - Organization Fundamental Committee began to negotiate the new constitution.
• 1929 - President Herbert Hoover delivers his first 'State of the Union' message to the US Congress. It was presented in the form of a written message rather than a speech.
• 1928 - Bread became cheaper by thirty dollars.
• 1934 - The "Law Concerning the Impossibility of Wearing Certain Apparels", which envisages prohibitions on religious clothing, was passed.
• 1942 – 63 workers died in an accident in a mine in Zonguldak.
• 1944 – In Greece, the Greek Civil War begins between communists and royalists.
• 1944 – Greek Civil War: Clashes erupt in Athens between ELAS and regime forces supported by the British Army.
• 1956 - The United Kingdom and France announce their withdrawal from Suez.
• 1959 – Dr. Fazıl Küçük became the Vice President of Cyprus.
• 1959 – The current flag of Singapore was adopted within the then British Empire, six months after the country itself ruled.
• 1960 – The Camelot Musical premieres on Broadway's Majestic Stage. This would later become associated with the Kennedy administration.
• 1967 – At Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town (Republic of South Africa), a transplant team led by Christiaan Barnard performed the first human heart transplant (to Louis Washkansky, then 53 years old). The transplanted patient survived for 18 days.
• 1971 - Pakistan-India war begins.
• 1971 – Prof. Dr. Mümtaz Soysal was sentenced to 6 years and 8 months in prison.
• 1973 – Pioneer program: Pioneer 10 sends the first close-up images of Jupiter back to Earth.
• 1978 – It was announced that 14 million tons of manure is used as fuel annually in Turkey.
• 1979 – Fedai Magazine owner and writer Kemal Fedai Coşkuner was killed in İzmir.
• 1979 – In Cincinnati, before a Who concert (in the hall outside the Riverfront Coliseum), a crowd of 11 fans scrambles (deadly) for a seat.
• 1979 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini becomes Iran's first religious leader.
• 1981 – Bülent Ecevit was imprisoned in Ankara Central Closed Prison to serve a four-month prison sentence.
• 1982 – A soil sample was taken from Times Beach, Missouri, to be found to contain up to 300 times the safe level of dioxins.
• 1984 – Bhopal disaster: A methyl isocyanate spill occurs from the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India. This spill was one of the worst industrial disasters in history, directly killing more than 3.800 people and maiming or injuring 150.000 to 600.000 people.
• 1989 – US President George HW Bush and Soviet Union Communist Party General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, who met in Malta, The Cold WarThey officially declared it's over.
• 1990 – TRT telegun broadcast began.

• 1992 – An engineer working at Sema Group sent the world's first text message to his colleague's phone via Vodafone network using a personal computer (PC).
• 1994 – Taiwan holds its first local elections; James Soong was elected as Taiwan's first and only directly elected Governor, Chen Shui-bian became Taipei's first directly elected Mayor, Wu Den-yih became Kaohsiung's first directly elected mayor.
• 1995 – Cameroon Airlines Flight 3701, approaching Douala International Airport in Douala, Cameroon, crashed, killing 71 people.
• 1997 – In Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, representatives from 121 countries sign the Ottawa Treaty, which prohibits the production and distribution of anti-personnel landmines. However, the United States, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation did not sign the agreement.
• 1999 - NASA lost radio contact with the Mars Polar Lander minutes before the spacecraft entered the Martian atmosphere.
• 1999 – The Council of Ministers decided to make Düzce district of Bolu a province and Kaynaşlı and Derince towns to be districts of Düzce.
• 2002 – UN weapons inspectors entered one of Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's palaces for the first time without notice.
• 2002 – The World Food Program announced that 38 million people in Africa are facing hunger.
• 2003 – Salih Kılıç was elected as the Chairman at the 19th General Assembly of Türk-İş.
• 2005 – XCOR Aerospace delivers US Mail's first manned rocket plane in Kern County, California.
• 2007 – Winter storms caused the Chehalis River to flood many cities in Lewis County, Washington, and shut down a 5-mile stretch of Interstate 32 for several days. At least eight deaths and billions of dollars in damage were reported from the flooding.
• 2009 – A suicide attack on a hotel in Mogadishu, Somalia, killed 25 people, including three ministers of the Transitional Federal Government.
• 2012 – Typhoon Bopha kills at least 475 people after making landfall in the Philippines.
• 2014 – Japanese space agency JAXA launched space explorer Hayabusa2 (from the Tanegashima Space Center on a six-year round-trip mission to an asteroid) to collect rock samples.

Births

• 1368 - VI. CharlesKing of France from 1380-1422 (d. 1422)
• 1447 – II. Bayezid, 8th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1512)
• 1729 – Antonio Soler, Spanish Catalan Hieronymite monk, musician, and composer (d. 1783)
• 1755 Gilbert Stuart, American painter (d. 1828)
• 1800 – France Prešeren, Slovenian poet (d. 1849)
• 1826 – George B. McClellan, soldier who commanded the Union Armies during the American Civil War (d. 1885)
• 1830 – Frederic Leighton, English painter (d. 1896)
• 1833 – Carlos Finlay, Cuban scientist (considered pioneer of yellow fever research) (d. 1915)
• 1838 – Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist and astronomer (d. 1916)
• 1857 – Joseph Conrad, Polish-English writer (d. 1924)
• 1883 – Anton Webern, Austrian composer (d. 1945)
• 1884 – Racendra Prasad, first President of India (d. 1963)
• 1886 – Manne Siegbahn, Swedish physicist who won the "Nobel Prize in Physics" in 1924 (d. 1978)
• 1887 – Naruhiko Higashikuni, prince of Japan and general of the Imperial Japanese Land Forces (d. 1990)
• 1889 – Stoyan Zagorchinov, Bulgarian writer (d. 1969)
• 1895 – Anna Freud, Austrian psychoanalyst (d. 1982)
• 1895 – Sheng Shicai, Chinese politician and warlord (d. 1970)
• 1899 – Ikeda Hayato, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1965)
• 1900 – Richard Kuhn, Austrian-born German biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (d. 1967)
• 1902 Mitsuo Fuchida, Japanese pilot (d. 1976)
• 1910 – Hakkı Yeten, Turkish football player, coach and 18th President of Beşiktaş Gymnastics Club (d. 1989)
• 1911 – Nino Rota, Italian soundtrack composer and Academy Award winner for Best Original Score (d. 1979)
• 1914 – Şeref Görkey, Turkish football player and coach (d. 2004)
• 1922 – Len Lesser, American stage, film and television actor, voice actor (d. 2011)
• 1922 – Sven Nykvist, Swedish cinematographer (d. 2006)
• 1923 – Stjepan Bobek, Yugoslavian football player, manager (d. 2010)
• 1924 – John Backus, American mathematician (d. 2007)
• 1924 – Wiel Coerver, Dutch football player and manager (d. 2011)
• 1925 – Ferlin Husky, American country musician (d. 2011)
• 1927 – Andy Williams, American pop singer (d. 2012)
• 1927 – Garibaldo Nizzola, Italian wrestler (d. 2012)
• 1930 – Jean-Luc Godard, French film director
• 1933 – Paul Crutzen, Dutch atmospheric chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (d. 2021)
• 1934 – Viktor Gorbatko, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut (d. 2017)
• 1934 – Abimael Guzmán, leader of the Shining Path revolutionary movement in Peru (d. 2021)
• 1937 - Bobby Allison, American speedway driver
• 1942 – Engin Güner, Turkish politician
• 1942 – Pedro Rocha, Uruguayan former professional football player and manager (d. 2013)
• 1948 – Ozzy Osbourne, English singer
• 1949 – Heather Menzies, American actress, model, and activist (d. 2017)
• 1955 – Ahmet Özal, Turkish businessman and politician
• 1956 – Ewa Kopacz, Polish politician and former Prime Minister of Poland
• 1959 – Temel Kotil, Turkish mechanical engineer and academician
• 1960 - Daryl Hannah, American actor
• 1960 – Julianne Moore, American actress and children's writer
• 1961 - Daryl Hannah, American actor
• 1965 – Andrew Stanton, American film director, screenwriter, producer, and voice actor
• 1965 – Katarina Witt, German figure skater
• 1968 – Aylin Nazlıaka, Turkish businesswoman and politician
• 1968 - Brendan Fraser, American actor
• 1968 – Montell Jordan, American soul artist
• 1969 - Bill Steer, English guitarist
• 1970 – Christian Karembeu, former French international football player
• 1971 – Henk Timmer, Dutch football player
• 1973 - Holly Marie Combs, American actress
• 1975 – Cristina Llanos, Spanish singer, composer and guitarist
• 1977 – Adam Małysz, Polish ski jumper
• 1978 – Trina, American rapper
• 1980 - Anna Chlumsky is an American actress.
• 1980 – Jenna Dewan, American actress
• 1981 – Yoannis Amanatidis, Greek national football player
• 1981 – David Villa, Spanish football player
• 1982 – Michael Essien, Ghanaian football player
• 1984 – Avraam Papadopoulos, Greek football player
• 1985 – László Cseh, Hungarian swimmer
• 1985 – Amanda Seyfried, American actress and singer
• 1987 – Michael Angarano is an American actor.
• 1987 – Alicia Sacramone, American artistic gymnast
• 1989 – Selcuk Alibaz, Turkish-German football player
• 1989 – Alex McCarthy, English football player
• 1990 – Christian Benteke, Belgian football player

Deaths

• 312 – Diocletian, a Roman emperor (b. 245)
• 1533 – III. Vasily, Grand Duke of Moscow (b. 1479)
• 1552 – Franciscus Xaverius, initiator of Christian missionary work in Asia and co-founder of the Jesuits (b. 1506)
• 1610 – Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese samurai and daimyō (b. 1548)
• 1789 – Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (b. 1714)
• 1807 – Clara Reeve, English novelist (b. 1729)
• 1823 – Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian explorer (b. 1778)
• 1839 – VI. Frederick, king of Denmark and Norway (b. 1768)
• 1888 – Carl Zeiss, German businessman who manufactured optical materials (b. 1816)
• 1894 – Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish writer (b. 1850)
• 1897 – Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke, German astronomer (b. 1835)
• 1902 – Prudente de Morais, Brazilian politician (b. 1841)
• 1919 – Pierre Auguste Renoir, French impressionist painter (b. 1919)
• 1926 – Siegfried Jacobsohn, German journalist and theater critic (b. 1881)
• 1936 – Mahmut Nedim Soydan, Turkish politician (b. 1889)
• 1937 – Attila József, Hungarian poet (b. 1905)
• 1937 – Prosper Poullet, Belgian politician (b. 1868)
• 1949 – Maria Ouspenskaya, Russian actress and teacher of acting (b. 1876)
• 1956 – Alexander Rodchenko, Russian artist, sculptor, photographer and graphic designer (b. 1891)
• 1964 – Hasan Basri Cantay, Turkish teacher, journalist and politician (1st Term Member of Parliament) (b. 1887)
• 1973 – Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, Mexican politician (d. 1889)
• 1979 – Kemal Fedai Coşkuner, Turkish writer and Fedai Magazine owner (b. 1927)
• 1980 – Oswald Mosley, British politician, leader of the German Union of British Fascists (BUF) in the 1930s (b. 1896)
• 1984 – Muharrem Ertaş, Turkish instrument and word master (b. 1913)
• 1988 – Rasim Kaygusuz, Turkish teacher and author of Cin Ali books (b. 1926)
• 1994 – Burhan Arpad, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1910)
• 1996 – Babrak Karmal, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (b. 1929)
• 1999 – Scatman John, American artist (b. 1942)
• 1999 – Madeline Kahn, American actress, comedian, singer (b. 1942)
• 2000 – Gwendolyn Brooks, American poet, author, and teacher (b. 1917)
• 2000 – Hoyt Curtin, American composer, lyricist (b. 1922)
• 2002 – Glenn Quinn, Irish-born American actor (b. 1970)
• 2003 – David Hemmings, English actor, director and painter (b. 1941)
• 2014 – Jacques Barrot, French politician (b. 1937)
• 2015 – Scott Weiland, American rock musician and singer (b. 1967)
• 2017 – Adam Darius, American dancer, mime, writer, and choreographer (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Elmar Faber, German author and book publisher (b. 1934)
• 2017 – Kjell Opseth, Norwegian politician (b. 1936)
• 2018 – Markus Beyer, German professional boxer (b. 1971)
• 2018 – Philip Bosco, American actor (b. 1930)
• 2020 – Adil Ismailov, Azerbaijani lawyer and jurist (b. 1957)
• 2020 – Jutta Lampe, German actress (b. 1937)
• 2020 – Alison Lurie, American novelist and academic (b. 1926)
• 2020 – Mario Maraschi, former Italian professional football player and coach (b. 1939) who played as a forward-facing midfielder.

Holidays and special occasions

• World Disability Day