Today in History: İsmet İnönü was buried in Anıtkabir with a State Ceremony

December 28 is the 362th day of the year (363th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 3.

Railways

• 28 December 1857 Chesney Project has been granted the necessary concessions, but the project could not be accrued. The opening of the Alexandria-Cairo line and the Suez Canal prevented this project.
• 28 December 1997 Ankara subway is opened.

Events

• 1612 - Galileo Galilei becomes the first astronomer to discover Neptune. But he mistakenly identified her as a star.
• 1785 - The NGC 2022 nebula was discovered by Frederick William Herschel.
• 1836 - Spain recognizes Mexican independence.
• 1846 - Iowa becomes the 29th state of the United States.
• 1869 – William F. Semple, a dentist from Ohio (USA), patented the chewing gum.
• 1878 – A railway bridge (Thai Bridge) near Dundee (UK) collapses: 75 people drown in icy waters.
• 1895 - German scientist Wilhelm Röntgen announced his discovery of X-rays.
• 1895 – Lumière brothers in Paris Boulevard des Capucinesdeki Grand cafeBy making their first screenings in which the audience is charged, they realized the world's first real cinema show.
• 1897 – The play “Cyrano de Bergerac” by Edmond Rostand was released in Paris.
• 1908 – 7,5 magnitude earthquake in Messina, Sicily: 80 thousand people died.
• 1973 - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn published his work "Gulag Archipelago", which describes the Soviet prisons.
• 1973 – İsmet İnönü was buried in Anıtkabir with a state ceremony.
• 1980 – In the clash that broke out during the raid on a house in Gaziantep, First Lieutenant Şahin Akkaya was shot in the head and killed by Veysel Güney.
• 1981 – The first American in vitro baby, Elizabeth Jordan Carr, was born in Norfolk, Virginia.
• 1989 – A magnitude 5,6 earthquake hits New South Wales-Australia: 13 people died.
• 1997 – Ankara metro was opened.
• 1999 – Saparmurat Niyazov declared himself the lifelong leader of Turkmenistan.
• 2000 - Adrian Năstase becomes Prime Minister of Romania.
• 2011 – Uludere incident; As a result of the Turkish Air Force's bombardment with F-16 warplanes on Iraqi territory near the Uludere district of Şırnak, 34 people from a smuggler caravan composed of citizens of Kurdish origin lost their lives.

Births

• 1804 – Alexander Keith Johnston, Scottish geographer (d. 1871)
• 1847 – Viktor von Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen, Austrian ornithologist (d. 1924)
• 1855 – Juan Zorrilla de San Martín, Uruguayan poet, writer, and orator (d. 1931)
• 1856 – Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1924)
• 1865 – Félix Vallotton, Swiss-French painter and printer (d. 1925)
• 1870 – Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević, Bosnian cleric (d. 1938)
• 1871 – Frederick William Pethick-Lawrence, British politician (d. 1961)
• 1882 – Arthur Stanley Eddington, English astrophysicist (d. 1944)
• 1882 – Lili Elbe, Danish transgender woman (d. 1931)
• 1884 – Joseph Pholien, Belgian Catholic politician (d. 1968)
• 1885 – Vladimir Tatlin, Soviet architect, sculptor, and theorist (d. 1953)
• 1887 – Walter Ruttmann, German director (d. 1941)
• 1887 – Rudolf Beran, Czech politician (d. 1954)
• 1888 – FW Murnau, German film director (d. 1931)
• 1897 – Ivan Konev, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1973)
• 1903 – Earl Hines, American pianist (d. 1983)
• 1903 – John von Neumann, Hungarian-American mathematician and computer scientist (d. 1957)
• 1908 Lew Ayres, American actor (d. 1996)
• 1914 – Pops Staples, American black gospel and blues musician (d. 2000)
• 1921 – Johnny Otis, Greek-American blues musician and singer (d. 2012)
• 1922 – Stan Lee, American comics writer (d. 2018)
• 1924 – İsmet Ay, Turkish theater actor (d. 2004)
• 1924 – Milton Obote, President of Uganda (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Girma Wolde-Giorgis, Ethiopian politician (d. 2018)
• 1925 – Hildegard Knef, German actress, singer and writer (d. 2002)
• 1926 – Gökşin Sipahioğlu, Turkish journalist and photojournalist (d. 2011)
• 1928 – Moe Koffman, Canadian composer, arranger, jazz saxophonist and flutist (d. 2001)
• 1931 – Guy Debord, French Marxist philosopher, writer, and filmmaker (d. 1994)
• 1931 – Martin Milner, American actor (d. 2015)
• 1932 – Nichelle Nichols, American singer, actress, and dubbing artist
• 1932 – Manuel Puig, Argentine writer (d. 1990)
• 1934 - Maggie Smith, English actress and winner of the Academy Award for Best Actress, Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
• 1937 - Ratan Tata, Indian company executive
• 1944 – Sandra Faber, American astrophysicist
• 1944 – Kary Mullis, American biochemist (d. 2019)
• 1946 – Hubert Green, American golfer (d. 2018)
• 1947 – Mustafa Akıncı, Turkish Cypriot politician and 4th President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
• 1953 – Richard Clayderman, French pianist
• 1954 – Denzel Washington, American film actor and winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor, Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
• 1955 – Liu Xiaobo, Chinese human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 2017)
• 1956 – Nigel Kennedy, English violinist and violist
• 1965 – Dany Brillant, Tunisian-Jewish French singer
• 1969 – Linus Benedict Torvalds, Finnish-American computer engineer and Linux developer
• 1971 – Anita Doth, Dutch female singer
• 1972 – Sergi Barjuán, Spanish football player and manager
• 1972 – Patrick Rafter, Australian grand slam champion tennis player
• 1973 – Seth Meyers, American comedian, political commentator, and television host
• 1974 – Markus Weinzierl, Former German football player and manager
• 1977 – Keremcem, Turkish singer and film actor
• 1977 – Mine Çayıroğlu, Turkish actress and singer
• 1978 – John Legend, American singer, songwriter, and actor
• 1978 – Özgü Namal, Turkish actress
• 1979 – James Blake, American professional tennis player
• 1979 – Noomi Rapace, Swedish actress
• 1980 – Vanessa Ferlito, American actress
• 1980 – Lomana LuaLua, former Democratic Congolese football player
• 1981 – Khalid Boulahrouz, Dutch former defender of Moroccan Berber descent
• 1981 – Sienna Miller, English actress, model and fashion designer
• 1981 - Narsha, South Korean singer and actress
• 1982 – Cedric Benson, American football player
• 1984 – Martin Kaymer, German golfer
• 1986 – Tom Huddlestone, English international football player
• 1987 – Thomas Dekker, American actor
• 1989 – Kamilė Nacickaitė, Lithuanian basketball player
• 1999 – Merih Öztürk, Turkish Model and actress

Deaths

• 1367 – Ashikaga Yoshiakira, second shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate (b. 1330)
• 1491 – Bertoldo di Giovanni, Italian sculptor (b. 1420)
• 1538 – Andrea Gritti, elected head of state of the Republic of Venice “Associate Professor” between 1523 and 1538 (b. 1455)
• 1622 – François de Sales, French Bishop and Mystic (b. 1567)
• 1694 – II. Mary, II. Daughter of James III. wife of William and Queen of England from 1689 to 1694 (b. 1662)
• 1706 – Pierre Bayle, French philosopher (b. 1647)
• 1708 – Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French naturalist (b. 1656)
• 1734 – Rob Roy MacGregor, Scottish folk hero (b. 1671)
• 1736 – Antonio Caldara, Italian-born Baroque composer of Western classical music (b. 1670)
• 1795 – Eugenio Espejo, South American physician and author (b. 1747)
• 1849 – Quatremère de Quincy, French writer, archaeologist, and art historian (b. 1755)
• 1869 – Alexandre Orbeliani, Georgian romantic poet, playwright, journalist, and historian (b. 1802)
• 1870 – Alexei Lvov, Russian composer (b. 1799)
• 1912 – Ahmet Mithat Efendi, Turkish writer, journalist and publisher (b. 1844)
• 1924 – Léon Bakst, Russian artist (b. 1866)
• 1925 – Sergey Yesenin, Russian poet (b. 1895)
• 1937 – Maurice Ravel, French composer (b. 1875)
• 1938 – Florence Lawrence, Canadian-American actress (b. 1886)
• 1942 – Ahmet İhsan Tokgöz, Turkish bureaucrat, politician, writer, translator and sports administrator (b. 1868)
• 1945 – Theodore Dreiser, German-American writer (b. 1871)
• 1947 – III. Vittorio Emanuele, king of Italy from 1900-1946 (b. 1869)
• 1950 – Max Beckmann, German painter, illustrator, printmaker, sculptor, and writer (b. 1884)
• 1952 – Alexandrine, Queen of Iceland (b. 1879)
• 1952 – Kerim Erim, Turkish ordinary mathematician (b. 1894)
• 1959 – Ante Pavelić, Croatian fascist politician (b. 1889)
• 1963 – Paul Hindemith, German composer (b. 1895)
• 1967 – Katharine McCormick, American activist, philanthropist, women's rights (b. 1875)
• 1971 – Max Steiner, Austrian-born American composer (b. 1888)
• 1984 – Sam Peckinpah, American film director (b. 1925)
• 1985 – Dian Fossey, American ethologist (b. 1932)
• 1989 – Hermann Oberth, Austro-Hungarian-born German physicist (b. 1894)
• 1990 – Warren Skaaren, American film producer and screenwriter (b. 1946)
• 1993 – William L. Shirer, American journalist, war correspondent, and historian (b. 1904)
• 2004 – Susan Sontag, American author and activist (b. 1933)
• 2009 – The Rev, American musician and rock artist (b. 1981)
• 2011 – Hasan Mutlucan, Turkish Folk Music artist (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Václav Drobný, Czech former international football player (b. 1980)
• 2013 – Ilya Tsimbalar, Ukrainian-born former Russian football player and coach (b. 1969)
• 2014 – Frankie Randall, American stage performer, composer, and singer (b. 1938)
• 2014 – Leelah Alcorn, American transgender girl (b. 1997)
• 2015 – Eloy Inos, Northern Mariana politician (b. 1949)
• 2015 – Lemmy Kilmister, English musician and songwriter (b. 1945)
• 2016 – Pierre Barouh, French actor, singer and composer (b. 1934)
• 2016 – Debbie Reynolds, American actress, dancer, and singer, businesswoman, and collector (b. 1932)
• 2016 – Ellen Watters, Canadian female racing cyclist (b. 1988)
• 2017 – Rubens Augusto de Souza Espínola, Brazilian Catholic bishop (b. 1928)
• 2017 – Sue Grafton, American author and novelist (b. 1940)
• 2017 – Rose Marie, American comedian, actress, and voice actor (b. 1923)
• 2018 – Toshiko Fujita, Japanese actress, voice actor, and singer (b. 1950)
• 2018 – Peter Hill-Wood, British businessman (b. 1936)
• 2018 – Amos Oz, Israeli novelist and journalist (b. 1939)
• 2018 – Shehu Shagari, Nigerian former statesman and politician (b. 1925)
• 2019 – Nilcéa Freire, Brazilian academic and politician (b. 1953)
• 2019 – Thanos Mikroutsikos, Greek composer and politician (b. 1947)
• 2020 – Josefina Echánove, Mexican actress, model and journalist (b. 1927)
• 2020 – Fou Ts'ong, Chinese-born English pianist (b. 1934)
• 2020 – George Hudson, Former English professional football player (b. 1937)
• 2020 – Armando Manzanero, Mexican bolero singer, songwriter, composer and pianist (b. 1935)