Today in History: Uzun Mehmet Found the First Coal

November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 53.

Railways

• 8 December 1874 Agop The Azarian Company has committed to the construction of the Belova-Sofia line in the 12 month.

Events 

• 1520 – King of Denmark, II. At Christian's behest, the Stockholm Massacre took place.
• 1708 – The foundation of Valide-i Cedid Mosque was laid.
• 1793 – Louvre Museum opened in Paris.
• 1829 – Uzun Mehmet found the first coal in the village of Kestaneci, Ereğli of the Black Sea.
• 1864 - Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States.
• 1887 - The gramophone was patented by the German explorer Emile Berliner.
• 1889 - Montana became the 41st state of the USA.
• 1892 - Grover Cleveland is elected President of the United States.
• 1895 - German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered the X-ray.
• 1899 - Bronx zoo opened.
• 1922 – Liberation of Lüleburgaz from enemy occupation
• 1923 – In Germany, Adolf Hitler and his followers rose up to take over the state of Bavaria with the event that will go down in history as the “Beer Hall Coup”.
• 1928 – President Mustafa Kemal accepted the General Presidency and Head Teacher position of the National Schools.
• 1932 – The Nazi Party again became the first party in the German elections with 196 deputies.
• 1932 - Franklin D. Roosevelt is elected President of the United States.
• 1933 - King of Afghanistan Nadir Shah was killed, his 18-year-old son Zahir Shah succeeded him.
• 1935 - Fernand Bouisson becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1938 – Atatürk fell into a severe coma for the second time.
• 1939 - George Elser assassinates Hitler, but the assassination was unsuccessful.
• 1941 – The Communist Party of Albania is founded. In 1948 it was renamed the Party of Labor of Albania.
• 1960 - John F. Kennedy is elected President of the United States.
• 1965 – Press and Broadcasting High School affiliated to Ankara Faculty of Political Sciences was opened.
• 1971 – The 4th album of the British rock band Led Zeppelin is released. The album includes the band's best-known song, "Stairway to Heaven".
• 1982 – It was announced that the Constitution submitted to the Referendum in Turkey was accepted with 91,3 percent of the votes.
• 1988 – Earthquake in China: 1000 people died.
• 1988 – In the US Presidential election, Republican candidate George HW Bush is elected.
• 1996 – Interior Minister Mehmet Agar resigned. Ağar was accused of "gang" allegations related to the Susurluk accident. Instead, Meral Akşener became the Minister of Interior.
• 2000 – Accession Partnership Document was announced. This document determines the steps that Turkey should take in becoming a member of the European Union.
• 2009 – Flooding in El Salvador kills 124 people, 60 missing.^[1]
• 2020 – Victory Day was declared in Azerbaijan.

Births 

• 30 – Nerva, Roman Emperor (d. 98)
• 745 – Musa al-Kazim is the seventh of the 12 Imams (d. 799)
• 1086 – Heinrich V, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1125)
• 1622 – Karl X. Gustav, king of Sweden and duke of Bremen (d. 1660)
• 1656 – Edmond Halley, English scientist (d. 1742)
• 1710 – Sarah Fielding, English writer and novelist, sister of Henry Fielding (d. 1768)
• 1737 – Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, French navigator and explorer (d. 1793)
• 1768 - Princess Augusta Sophia, King III. She was the sixth child and second daughter of George and Queen Charlotte (d. 1840)
• 1777 – Désirée Clary, Queen of Switzerland (d. 1860)
• 1837 – Ilia Chavchavadze is the leading figure in Georgian literature and political life in the 19th century (d. 1907)
• 1847 – Jean Casimir-Perier, French politician and businessman (d. 1847)
• 1847 – Bram Stoker, Irish novelist (d. 1912)
• 1848 – Gottlob Frege, German mathematician, logician, and philosopher (d. 1925)
• 1855 – Nikolaos Triantafyllakos, Greek politician (d. 1939)
• 1868 – Felix Hausdorff, German mathematician (d. 1942)
• 1877 – Mohammed Iqbal, Pakistani poet, philosopher, and politician (d. 1938)
• 1883 – Charles Demuth, American painter (d. 1935)
• 1884 – Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (d. 1922)
• 1885 – Hans Cloos, German geologist (d. 1951)
• 1885 – Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general (d. 1946)
• 1893 – Prajadhipok, last absolutist king of Siam (today Thailand) (1925-35) (d. 1941)
• 1900 Margaret Mitchell, American writer ('Gone with the Wind'creator) and Pulitzer Prize winner (d. 1949)
• 1901 – Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, Romanian politician (d. 1965)
• 1906 – Muammer Karaca, Turkish theater and film actor (d. 1978)
• 1908 – Martha Gellhorn, American novelist, journalist, travel writer (d. 1998)
• 1912 – June Havoc, Canadian-born American actress, dancer, theater director, and writer (d. 2010)
• 1914 Norman Lloyd, American actor (d. 2021)
• 1916 Peter Weiss, German author (d. 1982)
• 1918 – Ariadna Chasovnikova, Kazakh Soviet politician (d. 1988)
• 1918 – Kazuo Sakamaki, officer in the Japanese Navy (d. 1999)
• 1920 – Esther Rolle, American actress and activist (d. 1998)
• 1922 – Christiaan Barnard, South African heart surgeon (who performed the world's first heart transplant) (d. 2001)
• 1922 – Ademir, Brazilian football player (d. 1996)
• 1923 – Yisrael Friedman, Israeli rabbi and educator (d. 2017)
• 1923 – Jack Kilby, American engineer, inventor, and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Dmitri Yazov, one of the commanders of the Red Army, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 2020)
• 1927 – Ken Dodd, English comedian, singer, songwriter, and actor (d. 2018)
• 1927 – Patti Page, American singer and actress (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Suat Mamat, Turkish football player and manager (d. 2016)
• 1932 – Stéphane Audran, French film and television actor (d. 2018)
• 1935 – Alain Delon, French actor and screenwriter
• 1936 – Jane Aamund, Danish journalist and author (d. 2019)
• 1937 – Yılmaz Büyükersen, Turkish academic and politician
• 1937 – Virna Lisi, Italian actress (d. 2014)
• 1939 – Meg Wynn Owen, Welsh actress
• 1942 – Alessandro Mazzola, Italian former football player
• 1943 – Martin Peters, English international football player and manager (d. 2019)
• 1946 – Guus Hiddink, Dutch football player and manager
• 1947 – Minnie Riperton, American singer-songwriter (d. 1979)
• 1949 – Bonnie Raitt, American singer, songwriter, and guitarist
• 1951 – Peter Suber is an American philosopher.
• 1952 – Alfre Woodard, American film, television and stage actor, producer, and political activist
• 1954 – Kazuo Ishiguro, Japanese-English writer and Nobel Prize laureate
• 1957 - Alan Curbishley, English football player and manager
• 1957 – Porl Thompson, is an English musician
• 1959 – Selçuk Yula, Turkish football player (d. 2013)
• 1961 – Rustem Adamagov, Russian blogger
• 1966 – Gordon Ramsay, British chef, businessman, and television personality
• 1967 – Courtney Thorne-Smith, American actress
• 1968 – Parker Posey, American actor and singer
• 1970 – Reyhan Karaca, Turkish singer
• 1971 - Carlos Atanes, Spanish film director, writer and playwright
• 1971 – Tech N9ne, American rapper
• 1972 – Gretchen Mol, American actress
• 1973 – Sven Mikser, Estonian social democratic politician
• 1974 – Masashi Kishimoto, Japanese mangaka (comics artist) and comic book Naruto'illustrator of
• 1975 - Tara Reid is an American actress.
• 1977 – Ersin Korkut, Turkish actor
• 1978 – Tim de Cler is a former Dutch national football player.
• 1978 – Ali Karimi is an Iranian football player.
• 1979 – Aaron Hughes, Northern Irish national football player
• 1979 – Ömer Rıza, Turkish football player of TRNC origin
• 1980 – Luis Fabiano, Brazilian football player
• 1981 – Mithat Can Özer, Turkish songwriter and actor
• 1981 – Joe Cole, English football player
• 1982 – Ted DiBiase Jr., American actor and retired professional wrestler
• 1982 – Sam Sparro, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1983 – Sinan Güler, Turkish basketball player
• 1983 – Pavel Pogrebnyak, Russian football player
• 1985 – Miguel Marcos Madera, Spanish football player
• 1986 – Aaron Swartz, American computer programmer, computer scientist, author, and activist (d. 2013)
• 1987 – Édgar Benítez, Paraguayan national football player
• 1987 – Mohd Faiz Subri, Malaysian national football player
• 1988 - Jessica Lowndes, Canadian actress, model and singer
• 1989 - Morgan Schneiderlin, French football player
• 1990 – SZA, American singer-songwriter
• 1991 – Nikola Kalinić, Serbian basketball player
• 1992 – Christophe Vincent, French football player

Deaths 

• 397 – Martin of Tour, a Christian bishop during the Roman Empire (b. 316 or 336)
• 1122 – İlgazi Bey, Turkish soldier and administrator (b. 1062)
• 1226 – VIII. Louis, King of France (b. 1187)
• 1308 – Johan Duns Scotus, Scottish-born Franciscan Scholastic Philosopher and Theologian who lived 1266-1308 (b. 1266)
• 1605 – Robert Catesby, leader of the 1605-man "Powder Plot" team that came together to blow up the English parliament in 12 (b. 1572)
• 1674 – John Milton, English poet (b. 1608)
• 1719 – Michel Rolle, French mathematician (b. 1652)
• 1830 – Francis I, king of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830 and a member of the Spanish royal family (b. 1777)
• 1890 – César Franck, French classical composer of western music (b. 1822)
• 1903 – Vasily Dokuchaev, Russian geologist and geographer (b. 1846)
• 1917 – Adolph Wagner, German economist and politician (b. 1835)
• 1934 – Carlos Chagas, Brazilian scientist and bacteriologist (discoverer of Chagas disease) (b. 1879)
• 1941 – Gaetano Mosca, Italian political scientist, journalist, and bureaucrat (b. 1858)
• 1944 - Walter Nowotny, World War II. Austrian Luftwaffe fighter Ace Pilot in World War II (b. 1920)
• 1945 – August von Mackensen, German field marshal (b. 1849)
• 1953 – Ivan Bunin, Russian writer and poet (b. 1870)
• 1953 – John van Melle, South African writer (b. 1887)
• 1968 – Wendell Corey, American actress and politician (b. 1914)
• 1970 – Napoleon Hill, American author (b. 1883)
• 1973 – Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel, Turkish poet (b. 1898)
• 1974 – Wolf Messing, Soviet telepath (b. 1899)
• 1978 – Norman Rockwell, American painter and illustrator (b. 1894)
• 1979 – Nevzat Üstün, Turkish poet and writer (b. 1924)
• 1983 – Mordecai Kaplan, American rabbi, educator, and theologian (b. 1881)
• 1985 – Nicolas Frantz was a Luxembourg racing cyclist (b. 1899)
• 1986 – Vyacheslav Molotov, Russian politician and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union (b. 1890)
• 1998 – Jean Marais, French actor and director (b. 1913)
• 1998 – Erol Taş, Turkish film actor (b. 1928)
• 2005 – David Westheimer, American novelist (b. 1917)
• 2009 – Vitali Ginzburg, Russian Theoretical physicist and Astrophysicist (b. 1916)
• 2010 – Emilio Eduardo Massera, Argentine soldier (b. 1925)
• 2011 – Heavy D, Jamaican-born American rapper, actor, and producer (b. 1967)
• 2016 – Zdenek Altner, Czech lawyer (b. 1947)
• 2016 – Helga Ruebsamen, Dutch writer (b. 1934)
• 2018 – Amelya Penahova, Azerbaijani theater and film actress (b. 1945)
• 2019 – Amor Chadli, Tunisian physicist, academic, and politician (b. 1925)
• 2019 – Özdemir Nutku, Turkish actor, writer, critic and director (b. 1931)
• 2020 – Joseph Altairac, French literary critic and essayist (b. 1957)
• 2020 – Ali Dündar, Turkish teacher and writer (b. 1924)
• 2020 – Ahmet Uz, Turkish actor and voice actor (b. 1945)
• 2020 – Alex Trebek, Canadian-American comedian and film actor. (b. 1940)
• 2020 – Vanusa, Brazilian singer and actress (b. 1947)

Holidays and special occasions 

• World Radiology day
• World Urbanism Day
• Victory day in Azerbaijan