Today in History: Establishment of Ziraat Bank

November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 41.

Railways

• 20 November 1925 Yahşihan-Yerköy (115 km) line and Yerköy station were opened.
• The line started from Fevzipaşa on 20 November 1935 and reached Diyarbakır. Speaking at the opening, the Deputy of Nafia Ali Çetinkaya said, “The integration of our citizens with each other in terms of railways is the most important agent that will ensure national unity and culture.”
• 20 November 1937 Sivas-Divriği (65 km) is in operation. The line was made by Simeryol Turkish Construction Company.

Events

• 1863 – Establishment of Ziraat Bank.
• 1910 - The Mexican Revolution begins.
• 1922 – The opening ceremony of the Lausanne Conference was held.
• 1923 – People's Party, Defense of Law Society incorporated the organization.
• 1936 – Buenaventura Durruti, an anarchist leader who fought on the side of the Republicans against the fascist uprising in the Spanish Civil War, was killed.
• 1939 – BBC Turkish Service started broadcasting.
• 1940 - Hungary joins the Axis Powers.
• 1943 – Istanbul Technical University was founded.
• 1945 – II. After World War II, the Nuremberg trials began.
• 1947 – II. Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten were married at Westminster Cathedral.
• 1959 – United Nations, Declaration of the Rights of the Childpublished it.
• 1959 - The United Kingdom, Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden and Switzerland sign the European Free Trade Association agreement, EFTA for short.
• 1961 – The first coalition Government in Turkey was established by Prime Minister İsmet İnönü with ministers from the Justice Party and the Republican People's Party.
• 1962 - The United States ends the blockade of Cuba.
• 1975 - General Franco, who ruled Spain for 36 years as a dictator, dies.
• 1979 – Faculty Member of Istanbul University Faculty of Law and Deputy Dean of Faculty of Political Sciences, Prof. Dr. Ümit Doğanay was killed in the attack.
• 1980 – The Military Court of Cassation Chambers approved the execution of 19-year-old Erdal Eren, who was sentenced to death for killing Zekeriya Önge.
• 1984 - Investigating the existence of extraterrestrials in the universe S was established.
• 1985 - Microsoft released Windows 1.0.
• 1989 – United Nations, Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted.
• 1992 – Namik Tarancı died as a result of an armed attack.
• 1994 – In the World Weightlifting Championships, Naim Süleymanoğlu broke 64 world records in 5 kg and won 3 gold medals.
• 1998 – Italy released PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan, who was captured at Rome Airport on 12 November.
• 2003 – Al-Qaeda linked activists; Istanbul carried out a bomb attack on the HSBC Bank Headquarters in Levent and the British Consulate General in Beyoğlu. 31 people were killed and more than 450 injured.

Births

• 1858 – Selma Lagerlöf, Swedish author and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
• 1880 – Miheil Javakhishvili, Georgian writer (d. 1937)
• 1886 – Karl von Frisch, Austrian ethologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1982)
• 1889 – Edwin Hubble, American astronomer (d. 1953)
• 1923 – Nadine Gordimer, South African writer and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2014)
• 1925 – Robert F. Kennedy, American politician (after John F. Kennedy, assassinated US Attorney General) (d. 1968)
• 1927 Joyce Brothers, American psychologist (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Christine Arnothy, Hungarian writer (d. 2015)
• 1936 – Don DeLillo, American writer
• 1940 Ediz Hun, Turkish film actor and politician
• 1942 – Joe Biden, American politician and 47th vice president of the United States
• 1945 – Emel Sayın, Turkish voice artist
• 1946 – Ali Uyandıran, Turkish cinema, theater and TV series actor
• 1946 – Özer Baykay, Turkish lecturer, economist, politician, writer (d. 1981)
• 1956 - Bo Derek, American actor
• 1956 – Ali Rıza Öztürk, Turkish politician
• 1961 – Erol Kemah, Turkish Greco-Roman wrestler.
• 1962 – Kamil Okyay Sındır, Turkish agricultural engineer and politician
• 1967 – Teoman, Turkish rock musician and songwriter
• 1970 – Melda Arat, Turkish cinema and TV series actress
• 1970 – Phife Dawg, American hip hop musician
• 1970 – Mansur bin Zaid al-Nehyan, politician in the United Arab Emirates and a member of the Abu Dhabi ruling family
• 1971 – Joel McHale, American comedian
• 1972 – Paulo Figueiredo, Angolan national football player
• 1972 – Iskander Suveyh, Tunisian national football player
• 1972 – Tatiana Turanskaya, politician from Transnistria
• 1973 - Masaya Honda, Japanese former football player
• 1974 – Claudio Husain, Argentine national football player
• 1975 - Joshua Gomez is an American actor.
• 1976 – Mahmud A. Asrar, Turkish comics artist
• 1976 – Muhammed Bereket is an Egyptian national football player.
• 1976 – Nebojša Stefanović, Serbian politician
• 1976 – Atsushi Yoneyama, Japanese former international football player
• 1976 – Ji Yun-Nam is a North Korean former international football player.
• 1977 – Daniel Svensson, Swedish musician
• 1977 – Josh Turner, county and gospel singer and actor
• 1978 – Elif Sonmez, Turkish actress
• 1978 - Nadine Velazquez, American actress and model
• 1979 – Dmitri Bulikin, Russian national football player
• 1980 – Dilnaz Ahmediyeva, Kazakh singer and actress of Uighur origin
• 1981 - Carlos Boozer, American former basketball player
• 1981 – Güler, Turkish singer
• 1981 – Yuko Kawaguchi, Japanese-Russian figure skater
• 1981 Andrea Riseborough, English actress
• 1981 – İbrahim Toraman, Turkish national football player
• 1982 – Shermine Shahrivar, German model and actress
• 1982 - Fabián Villaseñor, Mexican football player
• 1983 – Dele Aiyenugba is a Nigerian football player.
• 1983 – Future, American rapper
• 1985 – Eric Boateng, professional basketball player from Great Britain
• 1985 – Selim Gülgören, Turkish singer and actor
• 1985 – Maria Mukhortova, Russian figure skater
• 1985 – Themistoklis Tzimopoulos, Greek-born New Zealand national football player
• 1986 – Josh Carter, professional American basketball player
• 1986 – Edder Delgado is a Honduran national football player.
• 1986 – Özer Hurmacı, Turkish national football player
• 1986 – Oliver Sykes, English musician
• 1986 - William is a Brazilian football player.
• 1987 - Ben Hamer, English football player
• 1987 - Valdet Rama, Albanian football player
• 1988 – Roberto Rosales, Venezuelan national football player
• 1989 – Cody Linley, American young actor
• 1989 – Agon Mehmeti, Albanian national football player
• 1989 – Sergey Polunin, Ukrainian ballet dancer
• 1989 – Eduardo Vargas, Chilean international football player
• 1990 – Toko is a Congolese football player.
• 1991 - Irene Esser, 2011th beauty queen crowned Miss Venezuela 58
• 1991 – Anthony Knockaert is a French football player.
• 1992 – Amit Guluzade, Azerbaijani national football player
• 1994 – Timothy Kitum, Kenyan middle distance runner
• 1995 – Michael Clifford, Australian musician
• 1995 - Kyle Snyder, American wrestler
• 1996 – Denis Zakaria, Swiss football player

Deaths

• 284 - Numerianus, Roman emperor from December 283 to November 284
• 855 – Theoktistos, a Byzantine bureaucrat
• 1559 – Frances Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, second child and first daughter of Charles Brandon and Mary Tudor (b. 1517)
• 1624 – Imam-i Rabbani, Indian Islamic scholar and Sufi leader (b. 1564)
• 1651 – Mikołaj Potocki, Polish nobleman, member of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1637 to 1646, royal hetman from 1646 to 1651, governor of Bracław Voivodeship from 1636 to 1646 (b. 1595)
• 1737 - Caroline, King II. She was Queen of Great Britain and Ireland as the consort of George. (b. 1683)
• 1764 – Christian Goldbach, Russian mathematician (b. 1690)
• 1811 – Sebastiano Giuseppe Danna, Italian general (b. 1757)
• 1894 – Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein, Russian composer and pianist (b. 1829)
• 1903 – Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat, French speedway driver (b. 1867)
• 1910 – Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Russian novelist (b. 1828)
• 1918 – John Bauer, Swedish painter (b. 1882)
• 1921 – Henry Hyndman, English Marxist (b. 1842)
• 1936 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist, revolutionary, and syndicalist (b. 1896)
• 1938 – Maud of Welsh, Queen of Norway (b. 1869)
• 1942 – Jack Greenwell, English football player and manager (b. 1884)
• 1945 – Francis William Aston, British chemist, physicist, and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1877)
• 1947 – Wolfgang Borchert, German writer (b. 1921)
• 1949 – Wakatsuki Reijirō, 15th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1866)
• 1950 – Francesco Cilea, Italian composer and music educator (b. 1866)
• 1952 – Emsalinur Kadınefendi, II. Abdulhamid's seventh wife (b. 1866)
• 1952 – Benedetto Croce, Italian philosopher (b. 1866)
• 1954 – Clyde Vernon Cessna, American inventor and businessman (b. 1879)
• 1975 – Francisco Franco, Spanish soldier and President of Spain (b. 1892)
• 1979 – Ümit Doğanay, Turkish academic and Deputy Dean of Istanbul University Faculty of Political Sciences (assassinated)
• 1980 – Turhan Kapanlı, Turkish politician (b. 1916)
• 1989 – Leonardo Sciascia, Italian writer and politician (b. 1921)
• 1992 – Namık Tarancı, Turkish journalist and   magazine reporter (assassinated) (b. 1955)
• 1995 – Sergey Grinkov, Soviet Russian figure skater (b. 1967)
• 1999 – Amintore Fanfani, Italian politician (b. 1908)
• 2000 – Barbara Sobotta, Polish sprinter (b. 1936)
• 2003 – David Dacko, Central African lecturer and politician (b. 1930)
• 2003 – Roger Short, British Consul General in Istanbul (b. 1944)
• 2003 – Kerem Yılmazer, Turkish theater actor (b. 1945)
• 2006 – Robert Altman, American director (b. 1925)
• 2007 – Ian Smith, Rhodesian farmer, fighter pilot, politician (b. 1919)
• 2012 – William Grut, Swedish modern pentathlete (b. 1914)
• 2012 – Cemil Özeren, Turkish musician and rock singer (b. 1966)
• 2013 – Sylvia Browne, American psychic medium and author (b. 1936)
• 2013 – Dieter Hildebrandt, German cabaret and stage actor (b. 1927)
• 2016 – Gabriel Badilla, former Costa Rican international football player (b. 1984)
• 2016 – Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, Greek politician (b. 1926)
• 2017 – Janusz Wójcik, Polish national football player and manager (b. 1953)
• 2018 – Roy Bailey, English socialist folk singer, songwriter, and guitarist (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Robert Blythe, British-Welsh actor and voice actor (b. 1947)
• 2018 – James H. Billington, American academic and librarian (b. 1929)
• 2018 – Aaron Klug, Lithuanian-born British chemist and biophysicist (b. 1926)
• 2018 – Eimuntas Nekrošius, Lithuanian theater director (b. 1952)
• 2019 – Mary L. Good, American organic chemist, pharmacist, politician, and scientist (b. 1931)
• 2019 – John Mann, Canadian folk rock artist, songwriter, and actor (b. 1962)
• 2019 – Michael J. Pollard, American character actor, comedian, and dubbing artist (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Ernesto Canto, Mexican road walker (b. 1959)
• 2020 – Marian Cycoń, Polish politician (b. 1940)
• 2020 – Jacques Déprez, French hurdler (b. 1938)
• 2020 – June Furlong, British model (b. 1930)
• 2020 – Serbian Patriarch Irinej was the 45th patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church (b. 1930)
• 2020 – Judith Jarvis Thomson, American moral philosopher and metaphysician (b. 1929)
• 2020 – Rita Sargsyan, spouse of Former Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan and Former first lady of Armenia (b. 1962)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Children's Rights Day
• Transgender Victims of Hate Crime Remembrance Day