Today in History: Ford Releases Model T Car for Sale

October 1 is the 274th (275th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 91.

Railways

• 1 October 1882 II.Abdulhamid Requested the establishment of reform commissions in order to negotiate the reforms to be made in the empire and to inform the results of the special will sent to the application. Nafia, Hasan Fehmi Pasha, Nafia, the commission of reform, which must be done in the fields of trade, industry and agriculture was established.
• On October 1, 1890, Zurich Railway Bank with 63 million francs capital was established. The bank bought Deutsch Bank and Vienna Bank Verein's acquisition from Baron Hirsch and 88 thousand shares of Rumeli railways for 72.355.509 francs.
• 1 October 1893 Construction of the Thessaloniki-Istanbul junction line, the concession of which was given to the French, began. The line was opened on April 1, 1896.
• 1 October 1922 Elvanlar and parts up to South Korea have been completely repaired. Souths-Mansions part was crossed with variant line because of the collapse of 2 bridge. Thus, contact with Izmir was made. Sarıköy-Eskişehir and Osmaneli-Bilecik parts were repaired.
• 1 October 1935 Çankırı-Atkaracalar line is in operation.
• 1 October 1936 Baladız-Burdur stations (24 km) are connected together. The contractor was Nuri Demirağ.
• 1 October 1937 Çatalağzı-Zonguldak line (10km) has been opened.
• 1 October 1938 Ich-Kemah line (54 km) line is opened.
• 1 October 1950 Ilıca-Palamutlu line has been shut down.

Events 

• 331 BC – Macedonian King Alexander the Great, Persian Emperor III. He defeated Darius at the Battle of Gaugamela.
• 1795 - France conquers Belgium, ending Habsburg rule in Belgium.
• 1827 - The Russian Army under Ivan Paskevich entered Yerevan and ended the millennium of Muslim rule in Armenia.
• 1869 – The world's first postcard was printed in Austria.
• 1880 - The first electric light bulb factory was opened by Thomas Edison.
• 1887 - The United Kingdom invaded Balochistan.
• 1891 – Stanford University was founded in California, USA.
• 1898 – Czar II. Nicholas ordered the expulsion of the Jews out of the major Russian cities.
• 1905 – Galatasaray SK was founded.
• 1908 - Ford puts the "Model T" automobile for sale.
• 1918 – Arab forces under British intelligence officer TE Lawrence capture Damascus.
• 1928 - The Soviet Union announced its first "Five-Year Development Plan".
• 1936 - General Franco becomes head of the Spanish Nationalist Government.
• 1939 – After nearly a month of siege, Nazi forces entered Warsaw.
• 1940 – Pennsylvania Turnpike, considered the first highway in the USA, was opened to traffic.
• 1940 - Einstein became an American citizen.
• 1942 – The Council of Ministers in Turkey decided to close the entertainment venues at 22:00.
• 1946 – The Nuremberg Trial, where Nazi officials were tried, ended and the verdicts were announced.
• 1949 – Ankara State Theater was founded. Small Theater and Big Theater stages were opened.
• 1949 - The People's Republic of China is established under the leadership of Mao Zedong; The first Chairman, Mao, was elected.
• 1951 – Air Force Academy opened in Turkey.
• 1952 – American soldiers open fire on captive Chinese demonstrating in South Korea; 52 dead, 140 injured.
• 1952 – General Directorate of Meat and Fish Institution was established.
• 1956 – Writer Eflatun Cem Güney won the Andersen Fairy Tale Award.
• 1958 - NASA was founded.
• 1960 – Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1960 - Nigeria declared its independence.
• 1963 - Algerian President Ahmet Ben Bella ordered the expropriation of all French lands in the country.
• 1972 – Boxer Cemal Kamacı became the European Champion in 63,5 kg.
• 1977 - Brazilian football star Pelé quits football.
• 1978 - Tuvalu declared independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1982 - Sony launches the first CD player for the end user.
• 1985 – Israeli forces killed 68 people in an airstrike on the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) offices in Tunisia.
• 1988 - Mikhail Gorbachev assumed the Presidency of the Soviet Union.
• 1992 – PKK militants attacked Cevizdalı Village in the center of Bitlis, killing 10 people, including 14 children and 37 village guards, and wounding 20 others.
• 1992 – The draft law regarding the admission of women to military schools was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1995 – 6,1 people died and 90 people were injured in an earthquake measuring 250 in Afyon Dinar.
• 1998 – Turkish state officials (Land Forces Commander Gen. Atilla Ateş, then Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz and finally President Süleyman Demirel) issued harsh warnings to Syria on the grounds that it supported the PKK.
• 1999 – The Second Chechen War begins. Russia invaded Chechnya again, violating the peace agreement signed in 1997.
• 2004 – The bill on same-sex marriage in Spain is passed by the Spanish Cabinet.
• 2012 – Alex de Souza left Fenerbahce.
• 2017 – Las Vegas Strip attack: Mass shooting occurred at the “Route 91 Harvest Country Music Festival” on the Las Vegas Strip.

Births 

• 86 BC – Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Roman historian from a plebeian family (d. 34 BC)
• 208 – Alexander Severus, Roman emperor (d. 235)
• 1207 – III. Henry, King of England (d. 1272)
• 1507 – Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (d. 1573)
• 1541 – El Greco, Greek mannerist painter, sculptor, and architect (b. 1541)
• 1542 – Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira, Spanish sailor (d. 1595)
• 1620 – Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Dutch painter (d. 1683)
• 1671 – Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (d. 1742)
• 1685 – VI. Karl, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1740)
• 1691 – Arthur Onslow, English politician (d. 1768)
• 1724 – Giovanni Battista Cirri, Italian composer (d. 1808)
• 1729 – Anton Cajetan Adlgasser, German composer (d. 1777)
• 1754 – Pavel I, Tsar of Russia (d. 1801)
• 1760 – William Thomas Beckford, English writer and politician (d. 1844)
• 1771 – Pierre Baillot, French composer (d. 1842)
• 1791 – Sergey Aksakov, Russian writer (d. 1859)
• 1835 – Adam Politzer, Austro-Hungarian physicist (d. 1920)
• 1845 – William Christie, English astronomer (d. 1922)
• 1847 – Annie Besant, English social reformer, feminist activist, and theosophist (d. 1933)
• 1867 – Fernand Pelloutier, French labor leader, theorist, and representative of the Anarako-syndicalist movement (d. 1901)
• 1895 – Liaquat Ali Khan, Pakistani lawyer and first Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1951)
• 1903 – Vladimir Horowitz, American classical pianist and composer (d. 1989)
• 1910 – Bonnie Parker, American bank robber and outlaw (d. 1934)
• 1915 – Talat Tunçalp, Turkish Olympic cyclist (d. 2017)
• 1924 – Jimmy Carter, American politician and 39th President of the United States
• 1927 – Necdet Seçkinöz, Turkish bureaucrat (d. 2004)
• 1928 George Peppard, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1930 – Philippe Noiret, French actor (d. 2006)
• 1930 – Richard Harris, Irish actor, singer and songwriter (d. 2002)
• 1932 – Seyfi Dursunoğlu, Turkish stage actor, singer and presenter (d. 2020)
• 1933 – Abdullah Turhan, Turkish comics writer and writer (d. 2020)
• 1935 – Julie Andrews, British film and music artist
• 1938 – Stella Stevens, American actress
• 1938 – Tunç Başaran, Turkish director (d. 2019)
• 1940 – Michael Gruber, American writer
• 1943 – Jean-Jacques Annaud, French director
• 1946 – Ewa Kłobukowska, Polish athlete
• 1948 – Ertuğrul Günay, Turkish lawyer and politician
• 1949 – André Rieu, Dutch violinist, composer and conductor
• 1949 – Fuat Seyrekoğlu, Turkish football player (d. 2010)
• 1950 – Boris Morukov, Russian physicist and cosmonaut (d. 2015)
• 1956 – Andrus Ansip, Estonian politician
• 1956 - Gina Haspel, American intelligence officer
• 1956 – Theresa May, British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1958 – Melihat Gülses, Turkish singer (Classical Turkish music artist)
• 1959 – Youssou N'Dour is a Senegalese musician.
• 1962 – Paul Walsh is an English former international footballer.
• 1963 – Jean-Denis Délétraz, Swiss motorsport driver
• 1965 – Mia Mottley, Barbadian lawyer and politician
• 1966 – George Weah, Liberian former football player and politician
• 1969 – Zach Galifianakis, American comedian and actor
• 1969 – Marcus Stephen, former president of the Republic of Nauru
• 1974 – Canan Çiftel, Turkish actress and voice actor
• 1975 – Şahnaz Çakıralp, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor
• 1976 – Dora Venter, Hungarian porn star
• 1976 – Ümit Karan, Turkish football player
• 1978 – Mert Ekren, Turkish pop music artist and composer
• 1979 - Curtis Axel, American professional wrestler
• 1979 – Walewska Moreira de Oliveira, Brazilian volleyball player
• 1981 – Gaby Mudingayi, Belgian football player of Congolese descent
• 1981 – Julio Baptista, Brazilian football player
• 1981 – David Yelldell, German-American national football player
• 1982 – Haruna Babangida, Nigerian national football player
• 1983 – Mohammed Abdul Wahab, former Egyptian football player (d. 2006)
• 1983 – Mirko Vučinić, former Montenegrin national football player
• 1986 – Ricardo Vaz Tê, Portuguese football player
• 1987 – Matthew Daddario, Italian-American actor
• 1989 - Brie Larson is an American actress and filmmaker.
• 1990 – Hazal Kaya, Turkish TV series and film actress
• 1990 – Pedro Filipe Mendes, Portuguese football player
• 1993 – Serenay Aktaş, Turkish football player, TV series and film actress
• 2001 - Mason Greenwood, English football player

Deaths 

• 686 – Julius, 40th emperor of Japan in the traditional succession order (b. 631)
• 959 – Eadwig, King of England from 955 until his death four years later. eldest son of Edmund I (b. 941)
• 1310 – Béatrice of Burgundy, French noblewoman (b. 1257)
• 1404 – IX. Bonifacius, Pope who reigned in Rome from November 2, 1389 – October 1, 1404 (b. 1389)
• 1499 – Marsilio Ficino, Italian Neoplatonic thinker (b. 1433)
• 1571 – Juan de Austria, Holy Roman-Germanic Emperor (b. 1547)
• 1652 – Jan Aselijn, Dutch painter (b. 1610)
• 1684 – Pierre Corneille, French playwright (b. 1606)
• 1901 – Abdurrahman Khan, Afghan Emir (b. 1844)
• 1929 – Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (b. 1861)
• 1947 – Olive Borden, American actress (b. 1906)
• 1950 – Ali Faik Ozansoy, Turkish poet (b. 1876)
• 1951 – Peter McWilliam, Scottish former football player and manager (b. 1879)
• 1957 – Mustafa Abdulhalik Renda, Turkish politician and Speaker of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (b. 1881)
• 1959 – Enrico De Nicola, Italian judge, journalist, and politician (b. 1877)
• 1965 – Aliaga Vahid, Azerbaijani poet (b. 1895)
• 1972 – Louis Leakey, English archaeologist (b. 1903)
• 1982 – Mehmet Ali Kağıtçı, Turkish chemist and founder of the paper industry in Turkey (b. 1899)
• 1985 – EB White, American author (b. 1899)
• 1990 – Curtis LeMay, general in the United States Air Force (b. 1906)
• 1992 – Petra Kelly, German political activist and founder of the Green Party (b. 1947)
• 2004 – Richard Avedon, American photographer (b. 1923)
• 2007 – Al Oerter, American discus thrower (b. 1936)
• 2008 – Tanju Duru, Turkish musician, composer and former guitarist of Ezginin Günlüğü ensemble (b. 1963)
• 2010 – Gerard Labuda is a Polish historian (b. 1916)
• 2012 – Berkant Akgürgen, Turkish musician, composer and actor (owner of the song "Samanyolu") (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Hasan Gul, senior al-Qaeda executive identified as Saudi Arabian, Yemeni, Pakistani, or Egyptian (b. ?)
• 2012 – Eric Hobsbawm, English historian and author (b. 1917)
• 2013 – Tom Clancy, American author (b. 1947)
• 2013 – Giuliano Gemma, Italian actor (b. 1938)
• 2014 – Lynsey de Paul, English rock singer, composer, pianist and songwriter (b. 1948)
• 2014 – Shlomo Lahat, former Israeli general and politician (b. 1927)
• 2015 – Bozo Bakota, Former Croatian football player (b. 1950)
• 2015 – Hadi Nevruzi, former Iranian national football player (b. 1985)
• 2016 – Erol Keskin, Turkish former national football player (b. 1927)
• 2017 – Hansje Bunschoten, Dutch freestyle swimmer and television presenter (b. 1958)
• 2017 – Pierluigi Cappello, Italian poet (b. 1967)
• 2017 – Arthur Janov is an American psychologist, psychotherapist, and primal therapist (b. 1924)
• 2017 – Edmond Maire, French activist and trade unionist (b. 1931)
• 2017 – István Mészáros, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and academic (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Stephen Paddock, American assassin and serial killer (b. 1953)
• 2017 – Philippe Rahmy, Swiss poet and author (b. 1965)
• 2017 – Larissa Volpert, Russian-Soviet chess grandmaster (b. 1926)
• 2018 – Charles Aznavour, Armenian-French singer, actor and diplomat (b. 1924)
• 2018 – Stelvio Cipriani, Italian composer (b. 1937)
• 2018 – Đỗ Mười, Vietnamese communist politician (b. 1917)
• 2018 – Carlos Ezquerra, Spanish comics artist (b. 1947)
• 2018 – Jerry González, American conductor, trumpeter, and drummer (b. 1949)
• 2018 – Graciano Rocchigiani, German former boxer (b. 1963)
• 2018 – Franco Sar, Italian athlete (b. 1933)
• 2019 – Peter Sissons, British journalist and television presenter (b. 1942)
• 2019 – Joseph Bismuth, Tunisian businessman and politician (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Karel Gott, Czech Jazz singer and actress (b. 1939)
• 2019 – Miguel León-Portilla, Mexican historian, anthropologist, writer, and philosopher (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Peter Sissons, British journalist and television presenter (b. 1942)
• 2019 – Tarık Ünlüoğlu, Turkish theater, TV series and film actor (b. 1957)
• 2020 – Derek Mahon, Northern Irish poet (b. 1941)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Elderly Day
• World Hepatitis Awareness Day