Today in History: Bread Scorecards Started to be Distributed

October 20 is the 293th (294th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 72.

Railways

• 20 October 1885 According to the news in Ankara Province Newspaper, the people of Ankara requested the railway with the petition of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the petition they submitted to the Sultan.
• 20 October 1921 After the Ankara Agreement with the French, the Ulukışla-Mersin line was opened. The right to operate Pozantı-Nusaybin line was given to the French.
• October 20, 1932 The first Mersin train went to Samsun. (Reached from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea) between Turkey and France "protocol on the roads on the Turkey-Syria border" was held.
• 20 October 1939 Sivas-Çetinkaya-Erzincan-Erzurum line was completed.
• 20 October 1957 Simplon Express, near Edirne collided with a motorized train. 89 injured people killed 108 passengers.

Events 

• 1827 - Navarino Raid. The combined British, French and Russian fleet destroyed the Ottoman fleet in Navarino, off the coast of Greece.
• 1921 – The withdrawal of the French from Anatolia. Ankara Agreement was signed between the Turkish Grand National Assembly and the French government. After the negotiations carried out by Henry Franklin-Bouillon on behalf of France, France withdrew from the occupied Anatolian lands.
• 1927 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's historical speech lasting thirty-six and a half hours at the 15nd Congress of the Republican People's Party on October 20-1927, 2, in which he narrated the Turkish War of Independence.
• 1935 – The 6.000-mile Long March launched by Mao Zedong against the nationalist government, which lasted for a year, comes to an end. The First Vanguard Army led by Mao entered Yan'an.
• 1940 - Census. Turkey's population: 17.820.950
• 1941 – II. World War II: Thousands of civilians killed in German-occupied Serbia: Kragujevac massacre.
• 1942 – Bread ration cards started to be distributed.
• 1944 – The Soviet Red Army entered Belgrade. The same day, the Gestapo shot the German anti-fascist and social democrat Julius Leber.
• 1945 – Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon founded the Arab League against Jews who wanted to establish a state in Palestinian territories.
• 1951 – First Mediterranean Games ended. Turkey won 10 gold, 3 silver and 7 bronze medals.
• 1954 – The Secretary General of the World Bank came to Turkey. “Turkey is a country with a very bright economic future,” the secretary-general said.
• 1954 – 51 dockers go on strike in Great Britain. Britain's maritime trade came to a halt in half.
• In 1968 – Mexico City Olympics, Mahmut Atalay at 78 kg and Ahmet Ayık at 97 kg won gold medals in freestyle wrestling.
• 1968 – Jacqueline Kennedy, the wife of John F. Kennedy, one of the murdered Presidents of the USA, married the Greek ship owner Aristotle Onassis.
• 1978 – Dean of ITU Faculty of Electricity Ord.Prof. Bedri Karafakioğlu died as a result of an armed attack in Istanbul.
• 1980 - Greece re-enters NATO's military wing.
• 1982 – Announcing the text of the Constitution the day before, the MGK banned the criticism of President Kenan Evren's speeches about the Constitution.
• 1984 – Bilkent University was founded.
• 1985 – 12th census was held. Population of Turkey: 50.664.458 Population of Istanbul: 5.842.985
• 1992 – PKK militants stopped a bus near Hazarşah village in Solhan district of Bingöl, shot dead 19 passengers and injured 6 people.
• 1998 – Adana Agreement was signed between Turkey and Syria.
• 2002 – In the general elections held in Montenegro, which formed Yugoslavia together with Serbia, President Milo Djukanovic's pro-independence party won the parliamentary majority.
• 2008 – The first hearing of the Ergenekon case began at the Courthouse in Silivri Prison.

Births 

• 1616 – Thomas Bartholin, Danish physician, theologian, and mathematician (d. 1680)
• 1632 – Christopher Wren, English astronomer and architect (d. 1723)
• 1677 – Stanisław Leszczyńsk, king of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1766)
• 1711 – Laura Bassi, Italian academic (d. 1778)
• 1740 – Isabelle de Charrière, Dutch author, playwright, and composer (d. 1805)
• 1784 Henry John Temple, English statesman (d. 1865)
• 1819 – Sayyid Ali Mohammed, Iranian cleric and founder of the Babylonian faith (d. 1850)
• 1854 Arthur Rimbaud, French poet (d. 1891)
• 1859 – John Dewey, American philosopher and educator (co-founder of the pragmatism school) (d. 1952)
• 1874 – Charles Ives, American modernist composer (d. 1954)
• 1882 – Bela Lugosi, Hungarian-American actress (d. 1956)
• 1887 – Prince Yasuhiko Asaka, prince of Japan and general of the Imperial Japanese Army (d. 1981)
• 1891 – James Chadwick, English physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 1974)
• 1897 – Yi Un, Crown Prince of the Korean Empire and Lieutenant General of the Imperial Japanese Land Forces (d. 1970)
• 1900 – Ismail al-Azhari, Sudanese nationalist and politician (d. 1969)
• 1907 – Arlene Francis, American actress (d. 2001)
• 1912 – Ruhi Su, Turkish folk music artist (d. 1985)
• 1917 – Stéphane Hessel, French diplomat, resistance fighter, author (d. 2013)
• 1917 – Jean-Pierre Melville, French film director (d. 1973)
• 1920 – Janet Jagan, Guyanese writer and politician (d. 2009)
• 1925 – Roger Hanin, French actor (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Joyce Brothers, American psychologist, TV host, and actress (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Li Peng, fourth Prime Minister of the People's Republic of China (d. 2019)
• 1932 – William Christopher, American actor (d. 2016)
• 1937 - Wanda Jackson, American singer, songwriter, pianist, and guitarist
• 1938 – César Isella, Argentine singer, musician, journalist and songwriter (d. 2021)
• 1938 – Kathy Kirby, English singer (d. 2011)
• 1941 – Philipp Vandenberg, German writer
• 1942 – Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, German biologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine
• 1946 – Elfriede Jelinek, Austrian writer and Nobel Prize winner for Literature
• 1948 – Piet Hein Donner, Dutch politician and lawyer
• 1948 – Melih Gökçek, Turkish bureaucrat, politician and former Mayor of Ankara Metropolitan Municipality
• 1949 – Roger Kitter, English actor and stand-up comedian (d. 2015)
• 1950 – Tom Petty, American rock singer, composer, musician, producer, and actor (d. 2017)
• 1950 - William Russ, he is an american actor
• 1951 – Alma Muriel, Mexican actress (d. 2014)
• 1951 – Claudio Ranieri, Italian coach and former football player
• 1955 – Aaron Pryor, former American boxer (d. 2016)
• 1955 – Sheldon Whitehouse is an American lawyer and politician.
• 1956 – Danny Boyle, English film director and producer
• 1957 – Anouar Brahem, Tunisian composer and oud player
• 1958 - Scot Hall is a professional wrestler
• 1958 – Viggo Mortensen, American actor, poet, and photographer
• 1961 – Kate Mosse, English writer
• 1961 – Ian Rush, Welsh football player
• 1962 – Ece Yörenç, Turkish screenwriter
• 1963 – Julie Payette, Canadian engineer, scientist, and former astronaut.
• 1964 - Kamala Harris, an American politician
• 1966 – Abu Musab ez-Zarqawi, Jordanian soldier and leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq (d. 2006)
• 1966 – Stefan Raab, German actor and presenter
• 1969 – Lambros Papakostas, Greek high jumper
• 1970 – Hüseyin Aygün, Turkish politician
• 1970 – Sander Boschker, former Dutch national goalkeeper
• 1971 – Snoop Dogg, American rapper
• 1971 – Dannii Minogue, Australian singer
• 1972 – Brian Schatz is an American educator and politician.
• 1974 – Hasan Yalnızoğlu, Turkish dancer, model, actor and professional wrestler
• 1975 – Sevinç Erbulak, Turkish actress
• 1975 – Eirik Glambek Bøe, Norwegian composer and musician
• 1976 – Dan Fogler, American comedian and actor
• 1976 – Hasan Karacadağ, Turkish film director, producer and screenwriter
• 1976 - Nicola Legrottaglie, Italian football player
• 1977 – Sam Witwer, American actor and musician
• 1979 – Deniz Doğan, Turkish-German football player
• 1979 – John Krasinski, American film director, writer, and actor
• 1982 - Kristian Bak Nielsen is a Danish football player.
• 1983 – Luis Saritama, Ecuadorian national football player
• 1983 – Michel Vorm, Dutch football player
• 1984 – Mitch Lucker, American musician (d. 2012)
• 1984 – Florent Sinama-Pongolle, French former international football player
• 1984 – Kaan Yılmaz, Turkish actor
• 1988 - Candice Swanepoel, South African model
• 1989 - Jessica Hannah "Jess" Glynne, English singer-songwriter
• 1990 – Ruhi Cenet, Turkish internet phenomenon
• 1992 – Kseniya Semyonova, Russian artistic gymnast
• 1992 – Ferhat Yazgan, Turkish football player

Deaths 

• 460 – Aelia Eudocia, II. Theodosius' wife, Byzantine Empress (b. 401)
• 1187 – III. Urban, pope of the Catholic Church between 1185 and 1187 (b. 1120)
• 1498 – Koca Davut Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (b. ?)
• 1631 – Michael Maestlin, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1550)
• 1740 – VI. Charles, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia (as Karel II) and King of Hungary (as Károly III) from 1711 to 1740 (b. 1685)
• 1805 – Park Ji-won, Korean Neo-Confucian philosopher, mercantilist, diplomat, economist, and novelist (b. 1737)
• 1870 – Michael Balfe, Irish musician, conductor, opera singer, and composer (b. 1808)
• 1890 – Richard Francis Burton, English explorer (b. 1821)
• 1900 – Naim Frashiri, Albanian historian, journalist, poet, writer (b. 1846)
• 1935 – Arthur Henderson, British politician (b. 1863)
• 1936 – Anne Sullivan, Irish-American teacher (b. 1866)
• 1949 – Jacques Copeau, French theater director, playwright, producer and actor. (b. 1879)
• 1950 – Henry Stimson, American statesman (b. 1867)
• 1952 – Sırrı Day, Turkish politician (b. 1889)
• 1964 – Herbert C. Hoover, American politician and 31st President of the United States (b. 1874)
• 1967 – Shigeru Yoshida, Japanese politician (b. 1878)
• 1972 – Harlow Shapley, American astronomer (b. 1885)
• 1974 – Ernst Arnold Egli, Swiss architect and urban planner (b. 1893)
• 1978 – Bedri Karafakioğlu, Turkish academic and Rector of ITU (b. 1915)
• 1984 – Carl Ferdinand Cori, Czech biochemist and pharmacologist (b. 1896)
• 1984 – Paul Dirac, British physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1902)
• 1987 – Andrey Kolmogorov, Soviet mathematician (b. 1903)
• 1989 – Anthony Quayle, English actor (b. 1913)
• 1989 – Alpay Izer, Turkish theater artist (b. 1944)
• 1994 – Burt Lancaster, American actor (b. 1913)
• 1995 – Christopher Stone, American actor (b. 1942)
• 2002 – Bernard Fresson, French actor (b. 1931)
• 2004 – Tevfik Gelenbe, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor (b. 1931)
• 2006 – Jane Wyatt, American actress (b. 1910)
• 2008 – Sister Emmanuelle, Belgian-French nun and philanthropist (b. 1908)
• 2010 – Arif Damar, Turkish poet (b. 1925)
• 2010 – Faruk Leghari, President of Pakistan from November 14, 1993 to December 2, 1997 (b. 1940)
• 2011 – Mutassim Gaddafi was Libyan National Security Advisor from 2008 to 2011 (b. 1974)
• 2011 – Muammar Gaddafi, Libyan leader (b. 1942)
• 2012 – John McConnell, American activist (b. 1915)
• 2012 – Edward Donnall “Don” Thomas, American physician (b. 1920)
• 2013 – Lawrence Klein, American economist (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Christophe de Margerie, French businessman (b. 1951)
• 2014 – René Burri, Swiss photographer (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Lilli Carati, Italian actress and model (b. 1956)
• 2014 – Óscar de la Renta, Dominican-born Spanish-American fashion designer (b. 1932)
• 2016 – Altemur Kılıç, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1924)
• 2016 – Michael Groo Massee, American actor (b. 1952)
• 2016 – Junko Tabei, Japanese female mountaineer (b. 1939)
• 2017 – Ugo Fangareggi, Italian actor and voice actor (b. 1938)
• 2017 – Boris Lindqvist, Swedish rock and roll and jazz singer and musician (b. 1940)
• 2017 – Federico Luppi, Argentine-Spanish radio, television, film, theater and television actor and film director (b. 1936)
• 2017 – Judith McGrath, Australian actress (b. 1947)
• 2018 – Jun Ashida, Japanese fashion designer (b. 1930)
• 2018 – Wim Kok full name Willem Kok, Dutch politician (b. 1938)
• 2018 – Elliot Ngok, Hong Kong-Chinese actor (b. 1942)
• 2019 – Thomas D'Alesandro III, American lawyer and politician (b. 1929)
• 2020 – Bruno Martini, French international football player (b. 1962)
• 2020 – Irina Konstantinovna Skobtseva, Soviet-Russian actress (b. 1927)
• 2020 – Lea Vergine, Italian art historian (b. 1936)
• 2020 – James Randi born as Randall James Hamilton Zwinge in Toronto, Canada or stage name “The Amazing Randi” illusionist (b. 1928)