Today in History: Ankara Decided to Become the Center of Government and the Capital in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey

October 13 is the 286th (287th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 79.

Railways

• 13 October 1870 The direction of Edirne-Sarımbey line was accepted with will.
• October 13, 1923 Ankara became the new capital of the State of Turkey. Until diplomats found accommodation in Ankara, they were staying in sleeping cars on the railroad tracks in Ankara Station. The night of the sleeping wagons was 5 lira.

Events 

• 54 - Nero ascends the throne of Rome.
• 1492 - Christopher Columbus lands on an island in the Bahamas that he calls San Salvador, which the Natives call Guanahani.
• 1773 - French astronomer Charles Messier discovered the Vortex galaxy.
• 1775 - The US Navy is established.
• 1792 – The foundation stone for the building known as the White House in the United States is laid.
• Yerevan, which had been under Muslim rule since 1827 – 658, was captured by the Russians.
• 1843 - B'nai B'rith (Alliance Sons), the earliest known Jewish charity organization, is founded in New York.
• 1845 – In the referendum held in Texas, it was decided to join the USA.
• 1884 – The meridian passing through the Greenwich Observatory is accepted as the starting point for 0 degrees and international time zones.
• 1886 - American pharmacist Pemberton discovered the formula for Coca Cola.
• 1900 – Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud, famous book Interpretation of Dreamspublished the .
• 1911 - The Kingdom of Italy occupied Derne.
• 1914 - Garrett Morgan invented and patented the gas mask.
• 1918 – The Union and Progress Government led by Talat Pasha resigned.
• 1921 – The GNAT Government signed the Treaty of Kars with Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia, and the Turkish War of Independence ended on the Eastern Front.
• 1923 – In the Turkish Grand National Assembly, it was decided that Ankara would be the seat of government and the capital.
• 1935 – Masonic Lodges operating in Turkey were closed by Atatürk.
• 1943 – II. World War II: The new Government in Italy, which overthrew Mussolini and took power, switched sides and declared war on Germany, forming an alliance with the Allied Powers.
• 1944 – Riga, the present capital of Latvia, came under the control of the Soviet Union.
• 1946 – The Constitution of the Fourth Republic is adopted in France.
• 1951 - Cumhuriyet Günseli Başar was chosen as the Beauty Queen of Turkey in the beauty contest organized by the newspaper.
• 1955 - Suna Kan won the "Viotti Violin Competition". The competition was organized for the famous Italian violinist Giovanni Battista Viotti.
• 1968 – The first Turkish workers' caravan moved to Australia.
• 1970 - Fiji became a member of the United Nations.
• 1972 – A Uruguayan military plane crashes in the Andes (on the border of Argentina and Chile). The 16 survivors were reached and rescued on 23 December. See: Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571
• 1972 – An Ilyushin Il-62 passenger plane of Soviet Union Airways Aeroflot crashes on approach to Sheremetyevo International Airport near Moscow; All 164 passengers and 10 crew members died.
• 1976 – Bolivia Airlines cargo plane crashes in Santa Cruz (Bolivia); 97 people died, 100 of them on the ground and most of them children.
• 1977 – Four Palestinians hijack a passenger plane to Somalia and demand the release of 11 Red Army Faction detainees.
• 1986 - The Great Homeland Party dissolved itself.
• 1990 – The Lebanese Civil War, which has been going on since 1975, is over.
• 1991 – The first parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria after real socialism.
• 1991 – Former National Intelligence Organization Undersecretary Retired Gen. Adnan Ersöz was killed. It was announced that the militants of the Dev-Sol organization killed Ersöz.
• 1994 – The financial police seized trillions of lira's worth of antiques, historical artifacts and paintings belonging to Halil Bezmen, when they were about to be smuggled into the United States.
• 1995 – British physicist Joseph Rotblat and his antinuclear group receive the Nobel Peace Prize.
• 1995 – At the World Wrestling Championship in Prague, Hamza Yerlikaya became the world champion in 82 kg.
• 1996 - Radical newspaper began publication.
• 1997 – Golden Boll Film Festival concluded. Directed by Zeki Demirkubuz Innocence The movie won first place.
• 2002 – In Serbia, the first Presidential election held after the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević was invalidated due to low turnout.
• 2002 - New Age newspaper began publication.
• 2006 – The United Nations General Assembly formally appointed South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon as the new UN Secretary-General. Moon took over from Kofi Annan on January 1, 2007.
• 2006 – Nobel Peace Prize shared between Bangladesh's Mohammed Yunus and Grameen Bank.
• 2010 – 33 miners trapped underground in a mining accident in Chile are rescued alive after 69 days.
• 2020 – Extended support for Microsoft Office 2010 has ended.

Births 

• 1474 – Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (d. 1515)
• 1820 – John William Dawson, Canadian geologist and university administrator (d. 1899)
• 1853 – Lillie Langtry, American (British) socialite, actress, and producer (d. 1929)
• 1887 – Jozef Tiso, Slovak Catholic priest and prominent politician of the Slovak People's Party (d. 1947)
• 1890 – Conrad Richter, American novelist (d. 1968)
• 1903 – Takiji Kobayashi, Japanese writer of proletarian literature (d. 1933)
• 1909 Art Tatum, American jazz pianist (d. 1956)
• 1920 – Laraine Day, American actress (d. 2007)
• 1921 – Yves Montand, French singer and film actor (d. 1991)
• 1923 – Süha Özgermi, Turkish businessman and organizer (d. 2013)
• 1924 – Roberto Eduardo Viola, Argentine soldier and dictator (d. 1994)
• 1925 Lenny Bruce, American comedian (d. 1966)
• 1925 – Margaret Hilda Thatcher, British chemist, politician, and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Gustav Winckler, Danish singer (d. 1979)
• 1927 – Lee Konitz, American jazz musician, composer, and alto saxophonist (d. 2020)
• 1927 – Nur Ali Tabende, Iranian human rights activist (d. 2019)
• 1927 – Turgut Özal, Turkish electrical engineer, politician and 8th President of the Republic of Turkey (d. 1993)
• 1931 – Raymond Kopa, French former football player (d. 2017)
• 1932 – Liliane Montevecchi, French-Italian singer, dancer, and actress (d. 2018)
• 1934 - Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer
• 1936 – Christine Nöstlinger, Austrian writer (d. 2018)
• 1936 – Shirley Bunnie Foy, American singer (d. 2016)
• 1939 - Melinda Dillon, an American actress
• 1941 – Neil Aspinall, British music company executive (d. 2008)
• 1941 – Emre Kongar, Turkish social scientist and academic
• 1941 – Paul Simon, American musician
• 1942 – Rutanya Alda is an American actress of Latvian descent.
• 1942 – Aykut Oray, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor (d. 2009)
• 1945 – Dési Bouterse, Surinamese politician and soldier
• 1948 – Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani musician (d. 1997)
• 1950 – Tamer Levent, Turkish actor, director and writer
• 1956 – Sinan Sakić, Serbian pop-folk singer (d. 2018)
• 1958 – Jamal Khashoggi, Saudi journalist and author (d. 2018)
• 1959 – Melek Gençoğlu, Turkish screenwriter
• 1961 – Doc Rivers, Former NBA player
• 1961 – Abderrahmane Sissako, Mauritanian director and producer
• 1962 – Kelly Preston, American actress, model, and singer (d. 2020)
• 1964 – Allen Covert, American actor and comedian
• 1966 – Baja Mali Knindža, Serbian folk singer and songwriter
• 1967 – Aleksander Čeferin, Slovenian football manager
• 1967 – Javier Sotomayor, former Cuban high jumper
• 1967 – Kate Walsh, American actress and businesswoman
• 1969 – Lev Mayorov, Azerbaijani football player and manager (d. 2020)
• 1970 - Paul Potts, English tenor
• 1971 – Sacha Baron Cohen, English actor
• 1977 – Antonio Di Natale, former Italy national football team player
• 1977 - Paul Pierce, American professional basketball player
• 1978 – Jermaine O'Neal is an American professional former basketball player.
• 1979 - Wes Brown is an English footballer.
• 1979 - Mamadou Niang is a former Senegalese football player.
• 1980 – Ashanti, American record producer, actress, dancer, and model
• 1980 – David Haye is an English boxer.
• 1980 – Scott Parker is an English former international footballer.
• 1982 – Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer
• 1984 – Leonel Núñez, Argentine football player
• 1986 Gabby Agbonlahor is an English former football player.
• 1986 – Sergio Pérez, Mexican football player
• 1987 – Tochinoshin Tsuyoshi, Georgian professional sumo wrestler
• 1989 - Enrique Pérez, Mexican football player
• 1989 - Breno Borges is a Brazilian football player.
• 1989 – Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, American politician, activist, and educator
• 1994 – Kübra Akman, Turkish volleyball player
• 1995 – Park Jimin, South Korean singer, songwriter and dancer
• 1996 – Joshua Wong, Hong Kong activist and politician
• 2001 – Caleb McLaughlin, American television and film actor

Deaths 

• 54 – Claudius, Roman Emperor (b. 10 BC)
• 1282 – Nichiren, Japanese Buddhist monk and founder of Nichiren Buddhism (b. 1222)
• 1605 – Théodore de Bèze, French Calvinist Protestant theologian, reformer, and scholar (b. 1519)
• 1687 – Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (b. 1633)
• 1715 – Nicholas Malebranche, French philosopher and Catholic theologian (b. 1638)
• 1815 – Joachim Murat, French field marshal, Grand Duke, and King of Naples (executed by firing squad) (b. 1767)
• 1822 – Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor (b. 1757)
• 1825 – Maximilian Joseph I, first Ruler of the Kingdom of Bavaria (b. 1756)
• 1863 – Philippe Antoine d'Ornano, French soldier and politician (b. 1784)
• 1882 – Arthur de Gobineau, French diplomat, writer, and philosopher (b. 1816)
• 1890 – Samuel Freeman Miller, American physician and lawyer (b. 1816)
• 1905 – Henry Irving, English actor (b. 1838)
• 1919 – Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish poet and writer (b. 1857)
• 1928 – Maria Feodorovna, Empress of Russia (b. 1847)
• 1937 – Kazimierz Nowak, Polish traveler, reporter, and photographer (b. 1897)
• 1938 – EC Segar, American cartoonist and Popeye Creator of (Popeye) (b. 1894)
• 1945 – Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate maker (d. 1857)
• 1946 – Helen Bannerman, Scottish author (b. 1862)
• 1955 – Manuel Ávila Camacho, politician and military leader who served as President of Mexico from 1940 to 1946 (b.
• 1961 – Augustus John, English painter and graphic artist (d. 1876)
• 1968 – Bea Benaderet, American actress and comedian (b. 1906)
• 1971 – Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen, Turkish religious scholar and 5th President of Religious Affairs (b. 1882)
• 1973 – Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı (Fisherman of Halicarnassus), Turkish writer (b. 1890)
• 1974 – Ed Sullivan, American variety show host (b. 1901)
• 1978 – Ferih Egemen, Turkish theater and film actor, director, writer and voice actor (b. 1917)
• 1981 – Antonio Berni was an Argentine painter (b. 1905)
• 1986 – Kâmuran Yüce, Turkish theater artist (traffic accident) (b. 1926)
• 1987 – Nilgün Marmara, Turkish poet (b. 1958)
• 1987 – Walter Houser Brattain, American physicist (b. 1902)
• 1990 – Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese revolutionary, diplomat, and founder of the Communist Party of Vietnam (b. 1911)
• 1991 – Adnan Ersöz, Turkish soldier (b. 1917)
• 1994 – Selim Turan, Turkish painter and sculptor (b. 1915)
• 1999 – Mahmut Tali Öngören, Turkish cinema and theater writer (b. 1931)
• 2003 – Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist (b. 1918)
• 2008 – Guillaume Depardieu, French actor (b. 1971)
• 2010 – Gérard Berliner, French actor (b. 1958)
• 2011 – Hasan Güngör, Turkish wrestler (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Dottie Berger MacKinnon, American philanthropist (b. 1942)
• 2013 – Lou Scheimer, American world famous production company filmation studios Founder, producer, and animator of (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Elizabeth Norment, American actress (b. 1952)
• 2016 – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (b. 1927)
• 2016 – Dario Fo, Italian playwright, theater director, actor, and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1926)
• 2016 – Andrzej Kopiczyński, Polish actor (b. 1934)
• 2017 – Pierre Hanon, Belgian former football player and manager (b. 1936)
• 2017 – Albert Zafy, Malagasy politician and 6th President of Madagascar (b. 1927)
• 2018 – William Coors, American businessman (b. 1916)
• 2018 – Patricia Lesley Hollis, British female politician, educator (b. 1941)
• 2018 – Nikolay Pankin, Russian swimmer and swimming coach (b. 1949)
• 2020 – Jean Cardot, French sculptor (b. 1930)
• 2020 – Marisa de Leza, Spanish actress (b. 1933)