Today in History: Ernest Hemingway's Novel The Old Man and the Sea Published

September 8 is the 251th (252th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 114.

Railways

• 8 September 1932 Shimendifer School was closed.
• 8 September 2017 Tepeköy-Selçuk İZBAN Line was opened with the participation of Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım and Minister of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications Ahmet Arslan

Events 

• 1331 - Stefan Dušan proclaims himself Ruler of the Kingdom of Serbia.
• 1380 – Battle of Kulikovskaya: The Russian Principality Army defeats the Golden Horde Armies consisting of Tatars and Mongols and stops their advance.
• 1449 – Battle of Tumu Fortress: Mongols capture Chinese Emperor Zhengtong.
• 1504 - Michelangelo's Statue of David is unveiled in Florence.
• 1514 – Battle of Orsha: Lithuanians and Poles defeat the Russians.
• 1529 – Siege of Budin: Suleiman the Magnificent conquered Budapest.
• 1609 – Architect Sedefkar Mehmet Ağa started the construction of the Sultanahmet Complex at the request of Ahmed I. The complex was completed and opened for use 8 years later.
• 1664 – The Duke of York, brother of the King of England, annexed the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam to England. The name of the city in the east of America became New York (New York), inspired by the title of the Duke.
• 1688 - Belgrade freed from Ottoman rule after a siege led by the Holy Roman German Empire.
• 1831 – IV. William became King of Great Britain.
• 1862 – Istanbul Protocol was signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Great European states.
• 1886 – The foundation of Johannesburg was laid.
• 1888 – The first match of the English football league was played.
• 1888 - Jack the Ripper kills his second victim, Annie Chapman.
• 1900 – Severe tornado in Galveston, Texas: approximately 8000 dead.
• 1922 – Turkish War of Independence: The Turkish Army entered Manisa, which was under Greek Occupation.
• 1926 - Germany is allowed to join the League of Nations.
• 1930 – 3M company begins selling clear adhesive tape.
• 1934 - A cruise ship burns off New Jersey; 135 people died.
• 1941 – II. World War II: The 872-day Siege of Leningrad begins, with the last land connection of Leningrad being cut by the German Army.
• 1946 – As a result of the referendum in Bulgaria, the monarchy came to an end.
• 1951 – San Francisco Peace Treaty: A formal peace treaty is signed between the 48 UN members and Japan.
• 1952 – by Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea His novel was published.
• 1954 – SEATO (South Asia Pact) was established.
• 1968 – In the marathon branch in the Balkan Athletics Competitions held in Athens; İsmail Akçay came first and Hüseyin Aktaş came second.
• 1974 - US President Gerald Ford pardons former President Richard Nixon for his responsibility in the Watergate scandal.
• 1977 - The Second Nationalist Front Government announced the "Package of Economic Stabilization Measures".
• 1991 - Macedonia declared its independence.
• 2009 – Flood disaster in Thrace: 31 people died.

Births 

• 685 – Xuanzong, seventh emperor of China's Tang Dynasty (d. 762)
• 829 – Ali al-Hadi, tenth of the Twelve Imams, son of 9th Imam Muhammad al-Jawad (d. 869)
• 1157 – Richard I (Richard the Lionheart), King of England (d. 1199)
• 1413 – Catherine of Bologna, former Italian writer, teacher, painter, and saint
• 1474 – Ludovico Ariosto, Italian poet (d. 1533)
• 1593 - Toyotomi Hideyori was the son and appointed successor of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, general who was the first to unify all of Japan
• 1588 - Marin Mersenne, French sage whose work touched a wide range of fields
• 1633 – IV. Ferdinand, King of Bohemia in 1646, King of Hungary and Croatia in 1647, and King of the Romans on May 31, 1653
• 1706 – Antoine de Favray, French painter (d. 1798)
• 1767 – August Wilhelm Schlegel, German literary historian, translator, writer
• 1779 – IV. Mustafa, 29th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1808)
• 1783 – NFS Grundtvig, Danish philosopher, theologian, teacher, historian, and poet
• 1804 – Eduard Mörike, German poet (d. 1875)
• 1830 – Frederic Mistral, French poet and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1914)
• 1831 - Wilhelm Raabe, German novelist
• 1841 – Antonín Dvořák, Czech composer and violin virtuoso (d. 1904)
• 1852 - Gojong is the 26th king of the Joseon Kingdom and the first emperor of Korea
• 1857 - Georg Michaelis, Chancellor of Germany
• 1860 – Alexander Parvus, German activist
• 1873 – Alfred Jarry, French playwright, novelist, and poet (d. 1907)
• 1873 – David O. McKay is the 9th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
• 1881 – Refik Saydam, Turkish physician and 4th Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey (d. 1942)
• 1897 – Jimmie Rodgers, American folk singer
• 1900 – Miha Marinko, former Slovenian prime minister
• 1901 – Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa (d. 1966)
• 1906 - Fritz Schilgen, German athlete
• 1910 – Jafar Sharif Imami, Iranian politician and former Prime Minister of Iran (d. 1998)
• 1910 – Jean-Louis Barrault, French film and theater actor, pantomime artist, director
• 1914 – Hillary Brooke, American actress
• 1914 – Demetrios I, Patriarch of the Fener Greek Orthodox Patriarchate (d. 1991)
• 1920 – James F. Calvert, American commander
• 1922 - Lyndon LaRouche, American activist, politician, and author, founder of the "LaRouche Movement"
• 1922 – Sid Caesar, American actor and comedian
• 1923 – Rasul Hamzatov, Dagestan poet and writer (d. 2003)
• 1925 – Peter Sellers, English actor and comedian (d. 1980)
• 1927 – Gabdulhay Ahatov, Soviet Tatar and language learning expert
• 1927 – Mehmet Turan Yarar, Turkish poet and lyricist
• 1928 – Semahat Arsel, Turkish businessman
• 1932 – Patsy Cline, American singer (d. 1963)
• 1932 - Herbert Leuninger, German priest and theologian
• 1933 – Michael Frayn, English playwright
• 1934 – Peter Maxwell Davies, British opera and western classical composer
• 1936 – Indu Jain, Indian media magnate
• 1937 – Cüneyt Arkın, Turkish film actor
• 1938 - Wibke Bruhns, German television presenter
• 1941 – Bernie Sanders, American senator
• 1944 – Daryush Mustafevi, Iranian national football player
• 1944 – Ali Benflis, former prime minister of Algeria
• 1946 – Zbigniew Zarzycki, Polish volleyball player
• 1946 – Aziz Sancar, Turkish molecular biologist and Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry
• 1946 – Halil Ergün, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor
• 1947 – Ann Beattie, American writer
• 1947 – Rémi Brague, French philosopher
• 1947 - Halldór Ásgrímsson, former Prime Minister of Iceland
• 1948 – Rudolf Kowalski, German actor
• 1950 - James Mattis, 26th United States Secretary of Defense
• 1951 – Nikos Karvelas, Greek songwriter, producer and singer
• 1952 – Djoko Santoso, Indonesian soldier and politician.
• 1952 – David R. Ellis, American film director and former stuntman, actor
• 1954 – Jon Scieszka, American children's writer
• 1954 - Pascal Gregory, French actor
• 1954 – Mark Lindsay Chapman, English actor
• 1955 - Valeri Gerasimov, Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Federation
• 1957 – Heather Thomas, American actress, screenwriter, and author
• 1957 – Ricardo Montaner, Argentine-Venezuelan singer and songwriter
• 1958 – Ghulamhuseyn Alibeyli, Azerbaijani politician
• 1959 - Katherine Barber was a Canadian lexicographer and Editor-in-Chief of the Canadian Oxford Dictionary, the only dictionary on Canadian English
• 1960 - Aguri Suzuki, Japanese racer
• 1962 – Thomas Kretschmann, German actor and Hollywood actor
• 1963 – Dunja Mijatović, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights
• 1966 – Carola Häggkvist, Swedish singer
• 1966 – Akiyoshi Yoshida, Japanese former football player
• 1968 – Saffet Akbaş, Turkish football player
• 1968 Donald Khuse, former South African football player
• 1969 – Yonca Gündüz Özçeri, Turkish ambassador to Abidjan
• 1969 – Rachel Hunter, New Zealand model
• 1969 – Tetsuo Nakanishi, Japanese former football player
• 1969 – Gary Speed, People's national athlete and coach
• 1970 – Aisha Tyler, American actress and director
• 1970 – Timur Taymazov, Ukrainian weightlifter
• 1970 – Dimitris Itudis, Greek basketball coach
• 1971 – Tamar Iveri, Georgian soprano
• 1971 – Martin Freeman, English actor
• 1971 – Yoichi Kajiyama, Japanese former football player
• 1971 – David Arquette, American director
• 1972 – Ioamnet Quintero, Cuban high jumper
• 1972 – Markus Babbel, German coach
• 1973 – María Eugenia Vidal, provincial governor of Buenos Aires
• 1973 – Khamis ed-Dusari, Saudi football player
• 1974 - Takaaki Nakamura, Japanese football player
• 1974 – Marios Agatokleus, Cypriot football player
• 1974 – Yaw Preko, Ghanaian football player
• 1975 – Julie Le Breton, Canadian actress
• 1975 – Larenz Tate, American actor
• 1975 – Kobi Farhi, Israeli sound artist
• 1975 – Lee Eul-yong, South Korean football player
• 1976 – Roman Sharonov, Russian national football player
• 1976 – Jervis Drummond, Costa Rican national football player
• 1977 – Tetsuharu Yamaguchi, Japanese former football player
• 1978 – Alicia Rhodes, British porn star
• 1978 – Lucilla Agosti, Italian radio host
• 1978 – Masahiro Koga, Japanese former football player
• 1979 – Medina Saduakasova, Kazakh singer
• 1979 - Pink, American singer-songwriter
• 1979 – Peter Lékó, Hungarian chess player
• 1980 – Jun Kokubo, Japanese former football player
• 1980 – Slim Thug, American rapper
• 1980 – Mbulaeni Mulaudzi, South African runner
• 1981 – Koji Nakao, Japanese former football player
• 1981 – Daiki Takamatsu, Japanese former football player
• 1981 – Nozomu Kanaguchi, Japanese former football player
• 1981 – Dan Fredinburg, American engineer
• 1981 – Tsuyoshi Yoshitake, Japanese former football player
• 1981 – Teruyuki Moniwa, Japanese national football player
• 1981 Morten Gamst Pedersen, Norwegian football player
• 1982 - Kazuya Maeda, Japanese football player
• 1982 – David Quiroz, Ecuadorian national football player
• 1983 – Elena Semikina, Canadian model and actress
• 1983 – Kate Beaton, Canadian comics writer
• 1983 – Diego Benaglio, Swiss national football player
• 1983 - Shosuke Katayama, Japanese football player
• 1983 – Christian Vargas, Bolivian national football player
• 1983 – Ryoi Fujiki, Japanese former football player
• 1983 – Peter Kauzer, Slovenian canoeist
• 1983 - Khamis ed-Dusari, Saudi national football player
• 1984 - Noriyuki Sakemoto, Japanese football player
• 1984 – Vitali Petrov, Russian racing driver
• 1985 – Yendi Phillips, Jameican Model
• 1985 – Shōhei Ogura, Japanese football player
• 1986 - Keita Goto, Japanese football player
• 1986 – Ryohei Hayashi, Japanese football player
• 1986 – Kirill Nababkin, Russian national football player
• 1986 - Carlos Bacca, Colombian football player
• 1986 – Kim Dong-soo, South Korean football player
• 1986 – João Moutinho, Portuguese national football player
• 1986 – Abdulkadir Özgen, Turkish football player
• 1987 – Onur Doğan, Taiwanese national football player
• 1987 – Mexer, Mozambican national football player
• 1987 – Ángel Trujillo Canorea, Spanish football player
• 1987 – Wiz Khalifa, American rapper
• 1987 – Gabriel Donizette de Santana, Brazilian football player
• 1987 – Robinho, Brazilian football player
• 1987 – Víctor Sánchez Mata, Spanish football player
• 1987 - Derrick Brown, American basketball player
• 1988 - Chantal Jones, American model and actress
• 1988 – Gustav Schäfer, German musician and drummer of Tokio Hotel
• 1988 - Rafael Ramazotti de Quadros, Brazilian football player
• 1988 – Adrián Bone, Ecuadorian national football player
• 1988 – Licá, Portuguese national football player
• 1988 – Maxime Barthelmé, French football player
• 1989 – Avicii, Swedish DJ and music producer (d. 2018)
• 1989 – Gylfi Sigurðsson, Icelandic football player
• 1990 – Musa Nizam, Turkish football player
• 1990 – José Manuel Velázquez, Venezuelan football player
• 1990 – Tokelo Rantie, South African national football player
• 1991 – Joe Sugg, English YouTuber, vlogger and writer
• 1992 – Sakiko Ikeda, Japanese national football player
• 1992 – Bernard (footballer), Brazilian football player
• 1992 – Koki Takenaka, Japanese former football player
• 1992 – Simon Thern, Swedish football player
• 1993 – Piotr Parzyszek, Polish football player
• 1993 – Amanda Zahui, Swedish professional basketball player
• 1993 – Magdalena Eriksson, Swedish national defender
• 1994 – Melis Hacic, Turkish model and actress
• 1994 – Jeon Minju, South Korean musician
• 1994 – Lily Sullivan is an Australian actress and model.
• 1994 – Cameron Dallas, Internet Celebrity
• 1994 – Ćamila Mičijević, Bosnian handball player
• 1994 – Alayna Treene, American journalist
• 1994 – Bruno Fernandes, Portuguese national football player
• 1994 – Daiya Maekawa, Japanese national football player
• 1994 – Yassine Benzia, Algerian football player
• 1994 – Marco Benassi, Italian football player
• 1995 – Ellie Black, Canadian artistic gymnast
• 1995 – Hayao Kawabe, Japanese handball player
• 1995 – Julian Weigl, German national football player
• 1996 – Tim Gajser, Slovenian motocross rider
• 1997 – Yasemin Yazıcı, Turkish actress
• 1997 – Yağmur Bul, Turkish basketball player
• 1998 – Sierra Capri, American actress
• 2002 – Gaten Matarazzo, American actor and rapper

Deaths 

• 780 – IV. Leo Khazar, Byzantine Emperor (b. 750)
• 1134 – Alfonso I, King of Aragon and Navarra (b. 1073)
• 1560 – Amy Robsart, wife of English nobleman Robert Dudley (b. 1532)
• 1727 – Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari, Italian painter (b. 1654)
• 1811 – Peter Simon Pallas, Prussian zoologist and botanist who worked in Russia between 1767 and 1810 (b. 1741)
• 1849 – Amariah Brigham, American psychiatrist (b. 1798)
• 1894 – Hermann von Helmholtz, German physicist (b. 1821)
• 1933 – Faisal I, King of Iraq (b. 1883)
• 1938 – Mihail Çakır, Gagauz priest and educator.
• 1942 – Rıza Nur, Turkish physician, writer and politician (b. 1879)
• 1943 – Julius Fučík, Czech journalist (b. 1903)
• 1949 – Richard Strauss, German composer (b. 1864)
• 1952 – William Frederick Lamb, American architect (b. 1883)
• 1954 – André Derain, French painter and sculptor (b. 1880)
• 1965 – Dorothy Dandridge, American actress and singer (b. 1922)
• 1965 – Hermann Staudinger, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1881)
• 1969 – Curt Bräuer, German diplomat (b. 1889)
• 1970 – Percy Spencer, American engineer (inventor of the microwave oven) (b. 1894)
• 1977 – Zero Mostel, American actress (b. 1915)
• 1978 – Tarık Levendoğlu, Turkish stage designer, theater director, translator and fresco painter (b. 1913)
• 1980 – Willard Libby, American physical chemist (b. 1908)
• 1981 – Nisargadatta Maharaj, Indian philosopher, spiritual leader (b. 1897)
• 1981 – Hideki Yukawa, Japanese physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1907)
• 1983 – Antonin Magne, French cyclist (b. 1904)
• 1985 – John Franklin Enders, American virologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1897)
• 1991 – Alex North, American musician and composer (b. 1910)
• 1991 – Brad Davis, American actor (b. 1949)
• 2003 – Leni Riefenstahl, German film director (b. 1902)
• 2003 – Recep Yazıcıoğlu, Turkish district governor and governor (b. 1948)
• 2008 – Şerif Benekçi, Turkish writer (b. 1950)
• 2009 – Aage Niels Bohr, Danish physicist (b. 1922)
• 2010 – Israel Tal, general of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (b. 1924)
• 2012 – Işık Yurtçu, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1945)
• 2014 – Sencer Divitçioğlu, Turkish academic (known for his Asian style of production ideas) (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Sean O'Haire, American professional wrestler and kickboxer (b. 1971)
• 2014 – Magda Olivero, Italian opera singer, soprano (b. 1910)
• 2015 – Ferenc Kiss, Olympic Third Place, former Hungarian wrestler and trainer (b. 1942)
• 2016 – Hannes Arch, Austrian aerobatic pilot (b. 1967)
• 2016 – Prince Buster, Jamaican reggae and rock musician, singer and composer (b. 1938)
• 2016 – Arif Ahmet Denizolgun, Turkish architect and 55th Turkish Government Minister of Transport (b. 1955)
• 2016 – Hazel Douglas, English actress (b. 1923)
• 2017 – Pierre Bergé, French businessman and philanthropist (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Isabelle Daniels, American black female track and field athlete (b. 1937)
• 2017 – Blake Heron, American actor (b. 1982)
• 2017 – Jerry Pournelle, American science fiction writer, essayist, novelist, and journalist (b. 1933)
• 2017 – Onur Şenli, Turkish poet and lyricist (b. 1940)
• 2017 – Don Williams, American country singer, songwriter (b. 1939)
• 2018 – Gennadi Gagulia, Abkhazian politician (b. 1948)
• 2018 – Ramin Hussein Panahi, Iranian Kurdish political prisoner (b. 1995)
• 2018 – Chelsi Smith, American former beauty queen, model, and singer (b. 1973)
• 2019 – Henri de Contenson, French archaeologist (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Lito Legaspi, Filipino actor (b. 1941)
• 2019 – Olav Skjevesland, Norwegian Lutheran bishop and clergyman (b. 1942)
• 2020 – Alfred Riedl, Austrian former football player and manager (b. 1940)
• 2020 – Vexi Salmi, Finnish songwriter (b. 1942)

Holidays and special occasions 

• world physiotherapists day
• World Literacy Day