Today in History: Democrat Party Closed in Turkey

September 29 is the 272th (273th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 93.

Railways

• September 29, 1848 An Englishman named Pave developed a giant railway project that started in Calais and stretched to India over Istanbul and Basra. He was also considering extending the Pave line to Beijing later.
• 1885 – The world's first electric tram line starts operating in London, United Kingdom.

Events 

• 1227 – Holy Roman Emperor II. Frederick, Pope IX. He was excommunicated by Gregory.
• 1555 – Damat Rüstem Pasha became the Ottoman Grand Vizier for the second time.
• 1808 – Sened-i İttifak was signed.
• 1911 – The Kingdom of Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire and the Battle of Tripoli begins.
• 1913 – II. At the end of the Balkan War, the Istanbul Treaty was signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
• 1918 – The Kingdom of Bulgaria withdrew from World War I by signing the Thessaloniki Armistice.
• 1920 – The Ottoman Army under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Sarıkamış as a result of the war with Armenia.
• 1923 - The United Kingdom Mandate of Palestine is created.
• 1933 – In the investigation of the Reichstag Fire in which the General Secretary of the Communist International, Georgi Dimitrov, was accused, the other defendant, Marinus van der Lubbe, confessed to starting the fire.
• 1937 – Nationalist general Chiang Kai-shek and communist leader Mao Zedong decided to act together against the Japanese threat in the Republic of China.
• 1938 – France, the Kingdom of Italy, and the United Kingdom sign the Munich Agreement, agreeing to Nazi Germany's invasion of Czechoslovakia's Sudeten region.
• 1941 – Nazi Babi Yar Massacre begins in Kiev. 33771 Jews were killed in two days.
• 1960 – Democrat Party was closed in Turkey.
• 1971 - Oman joins the Arab League.
• 1991 – A military coup took place in Haiti.
• 1992 – PKK attacked the Gendarmerie Battalion in Hakkari-Şemdinli. 2 soldiers, including 23 non-commissioned officers, and 5 village guards lost their lives. 58 PKK members were killed in the operations that started after the attack.
• 1994 – Former Minister of Justice of Turkey, Mehmet Topaç from ANAP, died in his office in Ankara as a result of the armed attack of 4 people alleged to be members of the Dev-Sol organization.
• 2008 – After the bankruptcy of important companies such as Lehman Brothers, the Dow Jones index fell by 777.68 points, experiencing the biggest drop in one day.

Births 

• 106 BC – Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, Roman general and political leader (d. 48 BC)
• 1509 – Miguel Servet, Spanish theologian, physician, cartographer, and humanist (d. 1553)
• 1518 – Tintoretto, Venetian painter (d. 1594)
• 1547 – Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish writer (d. 1616)
• 1571 – Caravaggio, Italian painter (d. 1610)
• 1703 – François Boucher, French painter and prominent representative of the Rococo movement (d. 1770)
• 1758 – Horatio Nelson, British admiral (d. 1805)
• 1761 – Michael Francis Egan, Irish-American Bishop (d. 1814)
• 1786 – Guadalupe Victoria, Mexican politician, soldier, and lawyer (d. 1843)
• 1804 – Sadik Pasha, Turkish soldier of Polish descent (one of the Polish founders of Polonezköy) (d. 1886)
• 1810 – Elizabeth Gaskell, English novelist (d. 1865)
• 1812 – Eudoxiu Hurmuzache, Romanian historian, politician, and writer (d. 1874)
• 1815 Andreas Achenbach, German landscape painter (d. 1910)
• 1864 – Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish philosopher and writer (d. 1936)
• 1882 – Nuri Conker, Turkish soldier and politician (d. 1937)
• 1883 – Celal Sahir Erozan, Turkish poet (d. 1935)
• 1901 – Enrico Fermi, American nuclear physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 1954)
• 1904 – Greer Garson, English actor and Oscar winner (d. 1996)
• 1912 – Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian director (d. 2007)
• 1913 – Silvio Piola, Italian football player (d. 1996)
• 1913 – Stanley Kramer, American director and filmmaker (d. 2001)
• 1913 – Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)
• 1916 – İsmet Kür, Turkish teacher and writer (d. 2013)
• 1916 – Peter Finch, British-born Australian actor and Oscar winner (d. 1977)
• 1920 – Peter Dennis Mitchell, English biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (d. 1992)
• 1922 – Lizabeth Scott, American actress (d. 2015)
• 1924 – Şükrü Elekdağ, Turkish diplomat and politician
• 1930 – Colin Dexter, English novelist (d. 2017)
• 1931 – James Cronin, American nuclear physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 2016)
• 1931 – Anita Ekberg, Swedish actress (d. 2015)
• 1932 – Robert Benton, American screenwriter and director
• 1932 - Rainer Weiss, American physicist and academic
• 1933 – Samora Machel, Mozambican military commander, revolutionary, and politician (d. 1986)
• 1935 – Jerry Lee Lewis, American rock and roll and country music singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1936 – Silvio Berlusconi, Italian politician and Prime Minister
• 1936 – Bilal İnci, Turkish actor (d. 2005)
• 1938 – Wim Kok, Dutch politician (d. 2018)
• 1939 – Fikret Abdić, Bosnian statesman
• 1939 – Rhodri Morgan, Welsh politician and statesman (d. 2017)
• 1942 – Felice Gimondi, Former Italian racing cyclist (d. 2019)
• 1942 – Ian McShane, British comedian and actor
• 1942 - Bill Nelson, American lawyer, politician, and 14th president of NASA
• 1943 – Wolfgang Overath, German former international football player
• 1943 – Lech Walesa, leader and President of the Polish solidarity movement (Solidarność)
• 1943 – Mohammed Khatami, Iranian politician and 5th President of the Islamic Republic of Iran
• 1948 – Theo Jörgensmann, German musician
• 1949 – Yorgo Dalaras, Greek singer
• 1950 – Christian Vigouroux, French bureaucrat
• 1950 – Şerif Benekçi, Turkish writer (d. 2008)
• 1951 – Michelle Bachelet, Chilean politician and President
• 1951 – Pier Luigi Bersani, Italian politician and former minister
• 1955 – Gwen Ifill, American journalist, author, and TV host (d. 2016)
• 1956 – Sebastian Coe, British politician and former Olympic medalist, athlete
• 1961 – Julia Gillard is Australia's first female prime minister
• 1969 – Erika Eleniak, an American Playboy beauty and actress
• 1970 – Yoshihiro Tajiri, Japanese professional wrestler
• 1970 - Natasha Gregson Wagner is an American stage, film and television actress.
• 1971 – Sibel Tuzun, Turkish singer
• 1973 – Doğan Duru, Turkish musician and Redd lead singer, composer and lyricist
• 1973 – Güneş Duru, Turkish musician and guitarist of Redd band, archaeologist and composer
• 1975 – Albert Celades, Spanish national football player and manager
• 1976 - Kelvin Davis, English football player
• 1976 – Andriy Shevchenko, Ukrainian national football player
• 1979 – Orhan Ak, Turkish football player
• 1979 – Berke Üzrek, Turkish theater and film actor
• 1979 – Artika Sari Devi, Indonesian model and actress
• 1980 – Zachary Levi, American actor, television actor
• 1981 – Şahin Irmak, Turkish actor
• 1982 – Mert Öcal, Turkish model and actor
• 1984 – Per Mertesacker, German football player
• 1985 – Niklas Moisander, Finnish national football player
• 1985 - Dani Pedrosa, Spanish motorcycle rider
• 1988 - Kevin Durant, American basketball player and NBA player
• 1989 – Yevhen Konoplianka, Ukrainian national football player
• 1989 - Andrea Poli is an Italian football player.
• 1991 – Adem Ljajić, Serbian football player
• 1993 – Lee Hong-bin, South Korean singer and actor
• 1994 – Andy Polo, Peruvian football player
• 1994 – Halsey, American singer-songwriter
• 1995 – Ayaka Yamashita, Japanese international football player
• 1999 – Choi Ye-na, South Korean singer and dancer
• 2009 – Beren Gökyıldız, Turkish child actor

Deaths 

• 48 BC – Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, Roman general and political leader (b. 106)
• 855 – Lothar I, King of Middle Francia and Holy Roman Emperor (b. 795)
• 1185 – William of Tire, Bishop of Tyre in Lebanon; Crusader and medieval historian (b. 1130)
• 1560 – Gustav I was king of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560. (b. 1496)
• 1712 – Sâbit, Ottoman Divan poet (b. 1650)
• 1833 – VII. Fernando, King of Spain (b. 1784)
• 1890 – Vahtang Orbeliani, Georgian romantic poet and soldier (b. 1812)
• 1902 – Émile Zola, French novelist (b. 1840)
• 1908 – Machado de Assis, Brazilian writer (b. 1839)
• 1910 – Winslow Homer, American painter and printmaker (b. 1836)
• 1913 – Rudolf Diesel, German mechanical engineer and inventor of the Diesel engine (b. 1858)
• 1925 – Léon Bourgeois, French Prime Minister (b. 1851)
• 1927 – Arthur Achleitner, German writer (b. 1858)
• 1927 – Willem Einthoven, Dutch physician and physiologist (b. 1860)
• 1929 – III. Basileios, 263rd Patriarch of the Istanbul Greek Orthodox Patriarchate (b. 1846)
• 1930 – Ilya Yefimovich Repin, Russian painter (b. 1844)
• 1940 – Phan Boi Chau, Vietnamese nationalist (b. 1867)
• 1949 – Cemal Kashmir, Turkish politician (who served as Minister of Internal Affairs, Trade and Agriculture in the governments of Damat Ferit Pasha and was among the Hundreds) (b. 1862)
• 1953 – Ernst Reuter, German politician and first Mayor of West Berlin (b. 1889)
• 1961 – Nihat Reşat Belger, Turkish medical doctor and politician (the first doctor to diagnose Atatürk with cirrhosis) (b. 1882)
• 1967 – Carson McCullers, American author (b. 1917)
• 1973 – Nurullah Esat Sümer, Turkish politician (Minister of Finance and State) (b. 1899)
• 1973 – WH Auden, English poet (b. 1907)
• 1981 – Billy Shankly, Scottish football player and manager (b. 1913)
• 1985 – Tarık Güryay, Turkish soldier (b. 1914)
• 1987 – Henry Ford II, businessman, son of Edsel Ford and grandson of Henry Ford (b. 1917)
• 1994 – Shamsi Rahimov, Azerbaijani statesman (b. 1924)
• 1997 – Roy Lichtenstein, American Pop artist (b. 1923)
• 2001 – Nguyen Van Thieu, President of South Vietnam (b. 1923)
• 2003 – Tuğrul Şavkay, Turkish journalist (b. 1951)
• 2004 – Richard Sainct, French motorcyclist (b. 1970)
• 2007 – Yıldırım Aktuna, Turkish neuropsychiatrist and politician (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Abdülmelik Firat, Turkish politician of Kurdish origin (b. 1934)
• 2009 – Pavel Popovic, Ukrainian-born Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1930)
• 2010 – Georges Charpak, Polish-French physicist (b. 1924)
• 2010 – Tony Curtis, American actor (b. 1925)
• 2011 – Tatyana Lioznova, Soviet Russian film director (b. 1924)
• 2011 – Sylvia Robinson, American singer, musician, record producer, and record label executive (b. 1935)
• 2012 – Hebe Camargo, Brazilian singer, TV presenter and actor (b. 1929)
• 2015 – Mauro Ferri, Italian socialist politician (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Hellmuth Karasek, German journalist, writer and literary critic (b. 1934)
• 2015 – William Kerslake, American wrestler (b. 1929)
• 2016 – Ann Emery, English actress (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Tom Alter, British-Indian actor (b. 1950)
• 2017 – Philippe Médard, French handball player (b. 1959)
• 2017 – Wiesław Michnikowski, Polish film, theater and television actor (b. 1922)
• 2018 – Alves Barbosa, Portuguese cyclist (b. 1931)
• 2018 – Angela Maria, Brazilian singer and actress (b. 1929)
• 2018 – Otis Rush, American blues musician and singer (b. 1934)
• 2019 – Beatriz Aguirre, Mexican actress and voice actor (b. 1925)
• 2019 – Martin Bernheimer, German-American journalist and music critic (b. 1936)
• 2019 – Busbee, American songwriter, record producer, and musician (b. 1976)
• 2019 – Ilkka Laitinen, Finnish politician (b. 1962)
• 2020 – Lode Van Den Bergh, Belgian writer and educator (b. 1920)
• 2020 – Helen Reddy, Australian musician, activist, actress and songwriter (b. 1941)
• 2020 – Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait and Commander of Kuwaiti Military Forces (b. 1929)
• 2020 – Isidora Žebeljan, Serbian composer, musician and conductor (b. 1967)

Holidays and special occasions 

• World Heart Day