Today in History: The Montgolfier Brothers Blew the First Balloon Filled with Hydrogen Gas

August 27 is the 239th (240th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 126.

Railways

• 27 August 1914 The Sumike-Istabolat (57 km) line was opened in the Anatolian Baghdad Railway.
• 27 August 1922 Great offensive during the attack on the shepherds-Afyon (20 km) line began to be destroyed. Railroads and worked troops were run on 20 hours on non-break days. 7 km repair was done per day.
• 27 August 1934 Construction of Afyon-Antalya line started with a ceremony on the Independence Day in Afyon.
• 1908 – Hejaz Railway was put into service. The first train departed from Istanbul to Medina.

Events

• 1783 - The Montgolfier Brothers fly the first balloon filled with hydrogen gas.
• 1859 – The world's first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania, USA.
• 1892 - New York's Metropolitan opera house burned down.
• 1922 – Turkish War of Independence: The Turkish Army recaptured Afyon, which was under Greek occupation.
• 1927 – Kuşçubaşı Hacı Sami Bey, the brother of Kuşçubaşı Eşref, who went to Anatolia from Samos to prepare an assassination on Mustafa Kemal Pasha, was captured dead and his friends wounded.
• 1928 – Kellogg-Briand Pact was signed in Paris with the participation of 15 countries.
• 1945 – His heirs, Sultan II. He won the inheritance case of Abdülhamit. II. Abdülhamit's legacy was 400 million dollars.
• 1947 – Algeria seeks independence from France.
• 1950 – The BBC channel made its first overseas broadcast to France.
• 1958 - The first stereo records are released.
• 1964 – The first anti-US demonstration in Turkey was held in Ankara due to the US stance on Cyprus.
• 1978 – A Burmese Airlines plane exploded in the air, killing 14 people on board.
• 1979 – Lord Louis Mountbatten, the last Governor-General of India, died when a bomb planted by the IRA (Irish Republican Army) on his yacht anchored off the coast of Ireland.
• 1994 – Landing with 171 people, the THY plane skidded off the runway and crossed the Florya road, crashing into a rock one meter before the train tracks.
• 2002 – For the first time, a court in Tokyo, Japan's World War II. While acknowledging that he had used biological weapons during and before World War II, he refused 180 Chinese claims for compensation on the grounds that they were victims of the biological weapons program.
• 2003 - Mars' closest approach to Earth occurred after 60 years.
• 2007- Forest fires in Greece hit two-thirds of the Peloponnese, where one-third of the country is located. A state of emergency was declared after 3 people lost their lives and the fire could not be brought under control.

Births 

• 865 – Razi, Persian alchemist, chemist, physician and philosopher (d. 925)
• 1407 – Ashikaga Yoshikazu, fifth shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate (d. 1425)
• 1624 – Koxinga, Chinese-Japanese Ming resistance fighter against the Qing Dynasty (d. 1662)
• 1749 James Madison, English priest (d. 1812)
• 1770 – Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, German philosopher (d. 1831)
• 1809 – Hannibal Hamlin, 15th vice president of the United States and first vice president of the Republican Party (d. 1891)
• 1856 – Ivan Franko, Ukrainian poet, writer (d. 1916)
• 1858 – Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician (d. 1932)
• 1865 – Charles G. Dawes, American banker and statesman (d. 1951)
• 1871 – Theodore Dreiser, German-American writer (d. 1945)
• 1874 – Carl Bosch, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
• 1875 – Katharine McCormick, US activist, philanthropist, women's rights and contraception advocate (d. 1967)
• 1877 Charles Rolls, English engineer and pilot (d. 1910)
• 1878 – Pyotr Wrangel, one of the leaders of the counterrevolutionary White Army in Southern Russia (d. 1928)
• 1884 – Vincent Auriol, President of France (d. 1966)
• 1890 – Man Ray, American photographer (d. 1976)
• 1906 Ed Gein, American serial killer (d. 1984)
• 1908 – Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th President of the United States (d. 1973)
• 1909 – Sylvère Maes, Belgian cyclist (d. 1966)
• 1911 - Kay Walsh, English actress and dancer (d. 2005)
• 1915 – Norman Ramsey, American physicist (d. 2011)
• 1916 – Halet Çambel, Turkish archaeologist (d. 2014)
• 1918 – Jelle Zijlstra, Dutch economist and politician (d. 2001)
• 1925 – Nat Lofthouse, English former international football player (d. 2011)
• 1926 – İlham Gencer, Turkish jazz pianist and singer
• 1926 – Kristen Nygaard, Norwegian computer scientist (d. 2002)
• 1928 – Peter Boross, Hungarian politician
• 1929 – Ira Levin, American author (d. 2007)
• 1930 – Gulam Reza Tahti, Iranian freestyle wrestler (d. 1968)
• 1932 - Antonia Fraser, English writer
• 1935 – Ernie Broglio, American former professional baseball player (d. 2019)
• 1936 – Joel Kovel, American politician
• 1938 – Suphi Vural Doğu, Turkish violinist (d. 2015)
• 1938 – Tanju Okan, Turkish singer, musician and film actor (d.1996)
• 1940 – Amalia Fuentes, Filipino actress (d. 2019)
• 1941 – Cesaria Evora, Cape Verdean folk singer
• 1942 – Daryl Dragon, American musician, songwriter, and record producer (d. 2019)
• 1944 – Catherine Leroy, French war photographer and journalist (d. 2006)
• 1947 – Barbara Bach, American actress and model
• 1947 – Halil Berktay, Turkish historian
• 1950 - Charles Fleischer, American actor
• 1952 - Paul Rubens is an American stage and film actor.
• 1953 Peter Stormare, Swedish actor
• 1955 Diana Scarwid, American actress
• 1957 – Bernhard Langer, German golfer
• 1958 – Sergey Krikalev, Russian cosmonaut and mechanical engineer
• 1959 – Gerhard Berger, Austrian race car driver
• 1959 – Daniela Romo, Mexican singer, dancer, TV host, and actress
• 1959 – Jeanette Winterson, English writer
• 1959 – Peter Mensah, Ghanaian actor
• 1961 – Tom Ford, American fashion designer and film director
• 1965 – Ange Postecoglou, Australian international footballer
• 1966 – René Higuita, Colombian former national goalkeeper
• 1966 – Juhan Parts, former prime minister of Estonia
• 1969 – Cesar Millan, Mexican-born American dog trainer
• 1970 – Tony Kanal, English musician
• 1971 – Aygül Özkan, a Turkish-German politician
• 1972 – The Great Khali, Indian professional wrestler, actor, and weightlifter
• 1972 - Dalip Singh, Indian professional wrestler
• 1972 – Evrim Solmaz, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actress
• 1973 – Dietmar Hamann, German national football player and manager
• 1973 – Burak Kut, Turkish singer and actor
• 1975 – Mase, American rapper
• 1975 – Mark Rudan, Australian football player
• 1976 – Carlos Moya, Spanish tennis player
• 1976 – Mark Webber, Australian speedway driver
• 1976 - Sarah Chalke, Canadian-American actress
• 1977 – Deco, Portuguese football player
• 1979 – Aaron Paul, American actor
• 1980 – Begüm Kütük Yaşaroğlu, Turkish actress
• 1981 – Patrick J. Adams, Canadian actor
• 1981 – Alessandro Gamberini, Italian national football player
• 1981 – Maxwell, Brazilian former left-back
• 1982 – Bergüzar Korel, Turkish theater and film actress
• 1984 – David Bentley is an English former football player.
• 1984 - Sulley Muntari, Ghanaian football player
• 1985 - Kayla Ewell, American actress
• 1985 - Nikica Jelavic, Croatian football player
• 1985 – Kevan Hurst, English football player
• 1986 – Sebastian Kurz, Austrian diplomat and politician
• 1987 - Joel Grant is a Jamaican football player.
• 1989 - Romain Amalfitano, French football player
• 1989 – Çağan Atakan Arslan, Turkish kickboxer and muay thai athlete
• 1990 – Luuk de Jong, Dutch national football player
• 1992 – Blake Jenner, American actor and singer
• 1992 – Kim Petras, German singer, model and songwriter
• 1993 – Sarah Hecken, German figure skater
• 1994 – Jendrik Sigwart, German singer
• 1995 – Sergey Sirotkin, Russian Formula 1 driver

Deaths 

• 1394 – Chōkei, 98th emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1343)
• 1521 – Josquin des Prez, a Franco-Flemish Rönesans period music composer (b. 1451)
• 1577 – Titian, Italian painter (b. 1477)
• 1590 – Sixtus V, 228th Pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1521)
• 1611 – Tomás Luis de Victoria, Spanish composer (b. 1548)
• 1635 – Lope de Vega, Spanish poet and playwright (b. 1562)
• 1664 – Francisco de Zurbarán, Spanish painter (b. 1599)
• 1903 – Kusumoto Ine, Japanese physician (b. 1827)
• 1922 – Colonel Reşat Bey, Turkish soldier (b. 1879)
• 1928 – Arthur Brofeldt, Finnish politician (b. 1868)
• 1935 – Childe Hassam was an American Impressionist painter (b. 1859)
• 1937 – Ali Ekrem Bolayır, Turkish poet (b. 1867)
• 1937 – John Russell Pope, American architect (b. 1874)
• 1948 – Charles Evans Hughes, Republican candidate in the 1916 presidential election, and 44th United States Secretary of State (b. 1862)
• 1950 – Cesare Pavese, Italian poet, novelist, and storyteller (suicide) (b. 1908)
• 1958 – Ernest Lawrence, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1901)
• 1963 – William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, American sociologist (b. 1868)
• 1964 – Gracie Allen was an American vaudeville and comedian (b. 1895)
• 1965 – Le Corbusier, Swiss architect (b. 1887)
• 1975 – Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1892)
• 1976 – Mukesh, Indian singer (b. 1923)
• 1978 – Gordon Matta-Clark, American artist (b. 1943)
• 1979 – Aka Gündüz Kutbay, Turkish ney player (b. 1934)
• 1979 – Louis Mountbatten, British soldier, Commander of the Royal Marines of the United Kingdom (b. 1900)
• 1982 – Atilla Altıkat, Turkish diplomat and Military Attaché of the Turkish Embassy in Ottawa (as a result of an armed attack) (b. 1937)
• 1987 – Tevhit Bilge, Turkish theater and cinema artist (b. 1919)
• 1990 – Stevie Ray Vaughan, American blues guitarist (b. 1954)
• 1996 – Greg Morris, American actor (b. 1933)
• 2001 – Michael Dertouzos, Greek-American academic (b. 1936)
• 2001 – Mustafa Zibri, Palestinian politician and general secretary of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (b. 1938)
• 2003 – Pierre Poujade, French politician (b. 1920)
• 2007 – Şakir Süter, Turkish journalist (b. 1950)
• 2008 – Orhan Günşiray, Turkish cinema artist (b. 1928)
• 2009 – Sergey Mihalkov was a Soviet and Russian writer (b. 1913)
• 2010 – Luna Vachon, American-Canadian female professional wrestler (b. 1962)
• 2012 – Metin Açıkgöz, Turkish screenwriter (b. 1963)
• 2012 – Geli Korjev, Russian Soviet painter (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Peret, Spanish Gypsy singer, guitar player and composer (b. 1935)
• 2014 – Sandy Wilson, English composer and lyricist (b. 1924)
• 2016 – Alcindo, Brazilian football player (b. 1945)
• 2016 – Hans Stenberg, Swedish Social Democratic politician (b. 1953)
• 2017 – Vatan Şaşmaz, Turkish actress, presenter and writer (b. 1975)
• 2017 – Maurice Rigobert Marie-Sainte, Martinican-French bishop (b. 1928)
• 2018 – Dale M. Cochran, American politician (b. 1928)
• 2018 – Tina Fuentes, Spanish female swimmer (b. 1984)
• 2018 – Rupert T. Webb, English professional cricketer (b. 1922)
• 2019 – Frances Crowe, American female anti-war activist (b. 1919)
• 2019 – Dawda Jawara, Gambian veterinarian and politician (b. 1924)
• 2019 – Philippe Madrelle, French socialist politician (b. 1937)
• 2019 – Selahattin Özdemir, Turkish arabesque music artist (b. 1963)
• 2020 – Bob Armstrong, American professional wrestler (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Lute Olson, American former basketball player and coach (b. 1934)
• 2020 – Ebru Timtik, Kurdish-Turkish human rights lawyer (b. 1978)
• 2020 – Masud Yunus, Indonesian politician (b. 1952)

Holidays and special occasions 

• The liberation of Afyon from the Greek occupation (1922)
• Liberation of Afyon's Sincanlı district from Greek occupation (1922)