Today in History: Istanbul Convention Entered into Force

August 1 is the 213th (214th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 152.

Railways

• August 1, 1886 Tarsus-Adana part of Mersin-Tarsus-Adana line was opened with an official ceremony. The flights started on August 4. The total length of the Mersin-Tarsus-Adana line is 66,8 km.
• In the First World War, on August 1, 1919, the construction of the Ankara-Sivas line, 80 km of which was completed with the help of the Military Railways and Ports Directorate construction battalions, continued until the 127th km (Izzettin station).
• 1 August 2003 The 2003-2008 Action Plan, prepared with the support of the European Commission for the harmonization of the TCDD with the European Union acquis, was approved by the Ministry of Transport.

Events 

• 1291 – The cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden lay the foundations of Switzerland.
• 1560 – The Scottish Parliament announces that it will no longer recognize the authority of the Pope, thus creating the Scottish Church.
• 1571 – Lala Mustafa Pasha conquered the island of Cyprus, which belonged to the Republic of Venice.
• 1589 - King of France III. Henry was stabbed. The attacker was Jacques Clément, a staunch Catholic priest. Clément died there, while the King died the next day.
• 1619 - The first African slaves are brought to Jamestown, Virginia.
• 1773 – Naval Academy (Tersane Hendesehanesi) was opened by the Algerian Hasan Pasha in Istanbul Kasımpaşa.
• 1774 – English chemist Joseph Priestley discovered the oxygen gas (dioxygène, O.₂) discovered.
• 1798 – Battle of the Nile: The British Navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats the French Navy at Abukir Bay.
• 1834 - Slavery abolished in the British Empire.
• 1840 - Ceride-i Havadis The first issue of the newspaper was published.
• 1876 ​​- Colorado was admitted to the USA as the 38th state.
• 1894 – Sino-Japanese War: The Empire of Japan declares war on China for Korea.
• 1902 - The USA bought the rights of the Panama Canal from France and started the construction of the canal.
• 1914 - The German Empire declared war on the Russian Empire.
• 1933 – Istanbul University was founded.
• 1936 - The Berlin Olympics were initiated by Adolf Hitler.
• 1941 – The first of the Jeeps (Jeep), a light all-terrain vehicle designed for the US military, is produced.
• 1950 – Turkey applied to NATO.
• 1953 - The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Central African Federation) is established.
• 1958 – Turkish Resistance Organization was established in Cyprus.
• 1963 - Great Britain agreed to grant Malta independence in 1964.
• 1964 – Belgian Congo was renamed Congo DC.
• 1969 – Two young people were killed and about 200 injured in the events that broke out when a group attacked a rally to protest the Sixth Fleet.
• 1975 – At the Helsinki summit, where Albania, the USA and Canada did not participate, the “Human Rights Convention” (Helsinki Final Act) was signed with the participation of 35 countries.
• 1999 – The embargo on British meat was lifted due to the mad cow crisis in Europe.
• 2001 - Israeli scientists announced that they had succeeded in manufacturing heart cells from embryos.
• 2002 – Iraq invited the UN Chief Inspector to Baghdad for inspection after a four-year hiatus.
• 2008 – A 3-storey student dormitory belonging to a private foundation in the Taşkent district of Konya collapsed due to the compression of LPG gas: 18 dead, 27 injured.
• 2014 – Istanbul Convention entered into force.

Births 

• 10 BC – Claudius, first Roman Emperor born outside of Italy (d. 54)
• 126 – Pertinax, Roman Emperor (d. 193)
• 980 – Ibn Sina, Persian scientist (d. 1037)
• 1520 – II. Zygmunt August, King of Poland (d. 1572)
• 1626 – Sabbatai Zevi, Ottoman Jewish clergyman and cult leader (d. 1676)
• 1744 – Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French naturalist (known for his work on evolution) (d. 1829)
• 1819 – Herman Melville, American author (d. 1891)
• 1863 Gaston Doumergue, French statesman (d. 1937)
• 1889 – Walter Gerlach, German physicist (b. 1979)
• 1893 – Alexander I, King of Greece (d. 1920)
• 1924 – Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (d. 2015)
• 1924 – Cem Atabeyoğlu, Turkish sports writer and manager (d. 2012)
• 1929 – Leila Abashidze, Georgian-Soviet actress, film director and screenwriter (d. 2018)
• 1929 – Hafizullah Amin, second president of the socialist regime in Afghanistan (d. 1979)
• 1930 – Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist (d. 2002)
• 1930 – Julie Bovasso, American actress (d. 1991)
• 1932 – Meir Kahane, Israeli far-right politician (b. 1990)
• 1933 – Dom DeLuise, American actor, comedian, producer, and director (d. 2009)
• 1936 – William Donald Hamilton, English evolutionary biologist (d. 2000)
• 1936 – Yves Saint Laurent, French fashion designer (d. 2008)
• 1940 – Mahmud Devletabadi, Iranian writer and actor
• 1942 – Jerry Garcia, American musician (d. 1995)
• 1942 – Giancarlo Giannini, Italian film actor, voice actor, director and screenwriter
• 1943 – Celal Doğan, Turkish lawyer and politician
• 1944 – Cenk Koray, Turkish TV presenter, actor and newspaper writer (d. 2000)
• 1945 – Vedat Okyar, Turkish football player, sports writer and commentator (d. 2009)
• 1945 – American physicist who won the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics with Douglas Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson, and David Morries Lee
• 1946 – Richard O. Covey, Retired Air Force Officer and American astronaut
• 1948 – Friend Zekai Özger, Turkish poet
• 1948 – Mustafa Kamalak, Turkish lawyer, politician and Chairman of the Felicity Party
• 1949 – Jim Carroll, American author, autobiographer, poet, musician, and punk
• 1949 - Kurmanbek Bakiyev, President of Kyrgyzstan
• 1951 – Tommy Bolin, American rock musician and singer (b. 1976)
• 1952 – Zoran Đinđić, Prime Minister of Serbia (d. 2003)
• 1953 – Robert Cray, American blues guitarist and singer
• 1957 – Taylor Negron, American actress, painter, author, and stand-up comedian (b. 1957)
• 1957 – İhsan Özkes, Turkish writer, retired mufti and politician
• 1957 – Sırrı Sakık, Turkish politician of Kurdish descent
• 1959 – Joe Elliott, English musician
• 1963 – Coolio, American Grammy Award-winning rapper and actor
• 1965 – Sam Mendes, English film and theater director
• 1967 – José Padilha, a Brazilian screenwriter and filmmaker
• 1968 – Dan Donegan, American musician
• 1970 – Sibel Can, Turkish fantasy music singer
• 1970 – David James, English former footballer, football coach
• 1971 – İdil Üner, Turkish actress
• 1973 – Gregg Berhalter, American football player and manager
• 1974 – Leonardo Jardim, Portuguese coach
• 1974 – Dennis Lawrence, Trinidad and Tobago international football player and manager
• 1976 – Hasan Şaş, Turkish football player
• 1976 – Ibrahim Babangida, Nigerian football player
• 1976 – Nwankwo Kanu is a Nigerian former football player.
• 1979 – Junior Agogo, former Ghanaian football player (d. 2019)
• 1979 - Jason Momoa, American actor
• 1980 - Mancini, Brazilian football player
• 1980 – Esteban Paredes, Chilean national football player
• 1981 – Christofer Heimeroth, German football player
• 1981 – Stephen Hunt, Irish former football player
• 1982 – Ferhat Kiskanc, German-Turkish football player
• 1983 – Julien Faubert, French national football player
• 1984 – Bastian Schweinsteiger, German former national football player
• 1985 – Dušan Švento, Slovak national football player
• 1987 – Iago Aspas, Spanish football player
• 1987 – Sébastien Pocognoli, Italian-born Belgian football player
• 1988 – Patryk Malecki is a Polish national football player.
• 1988 – Nemanja Matić, Serbian football player
• 1989 – Tiffany Hwang, American singer
• 1991 – Ani Hoang, Bulgarian singer
• 1992 – Austin Rivers, American professional basketball player
• 1993 – Àlex Abrines, Spanish professional basketball player
• 1994 – Domenico Berardi, Italian football player
• 2001 – Park Si-eun is a South Korean singer and actress.

Deaths 

• 30 BC – Mark Antony, Roman general and politician (b. 83 BC)
• 527 – Justin I, Byzantine Emperor (b. 450)
• 1137 – VI. Louis, king of France from 1108 until his death (b.
• 1326 – Osman Bey, founder and first Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1258)
• 1464 – Cosimo de' Medici, Florentine banker and politician (b. 1389)
• 1494 – Giovanni Santi, Italian painter (b. 1435)
• 1546 – ​​Pierre Favre, Catholic clergyman of Savoie descent – ​​co-founder of the Jesuit order, (d. 1506)
• 1557 – Olaus Magnus, Swedish writer and clergyman (b. 1490)
• 1714 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b. 1665)
• 1760 – Adrian Manglard, French painter (b. 1695)
• 1787 – Alfonso de Liguori, Italian lawyer, later bishop, and founded the Redemptorist order (d. 1696)
• 1831 – William Henry Leonard Poe, American sailor, amateur poet (b. 1807)
• 1903 – Calamity Jane, American cowboy, scout, and gunslinger (b. 1853)
• 1905 – Henrik Sjöberg, Swedish athlete and gymnast (b. 1875)
• 1911 – Edwin Austin Abbey, American painter (b. 1852)
• 1911 – Konrad Duden, German philologist and lexicographer (b. 1829)
• 1920 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian scholar, jurist, mathematician, philosopher, and nationalist leader (b. 1856)
• 1936 – Louis Blériot, French pilot, inventor, and engineer (b. 1872)
• 1938 – Andrey Bubnov, Bolshevik revolutionary and Left Opposition member, one of the leaders of the Russian October Revolution (b. 1883)
• 1938 – John Aasen, American silent film actor (b. 1890)
• 1943 – Lydia Litvyak (Lily), Soviet fighter pilot (b. 1921)
• 1944 – Manuel L. Quezón, leader of the Philippine independence movement and first president of the Philippines (b. 1878)
• 1967 – Richard Kuhn, Austrian-born German biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1900)
• 1970 – Frances Farmer, American actress (b. 1913)
• 1970 – Otto Heinrich Warburg, German physiologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1883)
• 1973 – Walter Ulbricht, German statesman (b. 1893)
• 1977 – Gary Powers, American pilot (pilot of the U-2 spy plane that was shot down over Soviet soil) (b. 1929)
• 1980 – Strother Martin, American actor (b. 1919)
• 1982 – Kemal Zeki Gençosman, Turkish journalist and writer
• 1987 – Pola Negri, American actress (b. 1897)
• 1996 – Tadeusz Reichstein, Polish-born Swiss chemist and winner of the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1897)
• 1997 – Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (b. 1915)
• 1999 – İrfan Özaydınlı, Turkish soldier and politician (Former Air Force Commander and Minister of Interior) (b. 1924)
• 2003 – Guy Thys, Belgian former football player and manager (b. 1922)
• 2003 – Marie Trintignant, French actress (b. 1962)
• 2004 – Philip Hauge Abelson, US physicist (b. 1913)
• 2005 – Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia (b. 1923)
• 2009 – Corazon Aquino, Filipino politician (b. 1933)
• 2012 – Ülkü Adatepe, adopted daughter of Atatürk (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Aldo Maldera, Italian former international football player (b. 1953)
• 2013 – Gail Kobe, American actress and director (b. 1931)
• 2014 – Michael Johns, Australian rock singer and composer (b. 1978)
• 2015 – Muzaffer Akgün, Turkish singer and actor (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Stephan Beckenbauer, German football player (b. 1968)
• 2015 – Cilla Black, English singer and television star (b. 1943)
• 2015 – Chiara Pierobon, Italian professional racing cyclist (b. 1993)
• 2016 – Romanian Queen Anne, consort of King Michael I of Romania (b. 1923)
• 2017 – Jeffrey Brotman, American lawyer and businessman (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Mariann Mayberry, American actress (b. 1965)
• 2017 – Eric Zumbrunnen, American editor (b. 1964)
• 2018 – Mary Carlisle, American actress and singer (b. 1914)
• 2018 – Rick Genest, Canadian actor, model, and performance artist (b. 1985)
• 2018 – Jan Kirsznik, Polish saxophonist (b. 1934)
• 2018 – Celeste Rodrigues, Portuguese fado singer (b. 1923)
• 2018 – Umbayee, Indian folk singer and composer (b. 1952)
• 2019 – Munir Al Yafi, Yemeni soldier and politician (b. 1974)
• 2019 – Ian Gibbons, English musician (b. 1952)
• 2019 – DA Pennebaker, American documentary filmmaker, director, and writer (b. 1925)
• 2019 – Harley Race, American professional wrestler, manager, and trainer (b. 1943)
• 2020 – Wilford Brimley, American actor and singer (b. 1934)
• 2020 – Julio Diamante, Spanish film director and screenwriter (b. 1930)
• 2020 – Pydikondala Manikyala Rao, Indian politician (b. 1961)
• 2020 – Khosrow Sinai, Iranian film director, screenwriter, composer and educator (b. 1941)