July 11 is the 192nd (193rd in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 173 days left until the end of the year.
Railways
- 11 July 1856 Robert Vilkin appealed to the Ottoman government for the concession of Izmir-Aydin railway construction.
- 11 July 1914 Tripoli-Tel Ebiad (100 km) line was completed on the Anatolian Baghdad Railway.
Events
- 1302 – The "Coalition Army" around the cities of Flanders defeats the Army of the Kingdom of France in the Battle of the Golden Spurs.
- 1346 – IV. Karl was elected King of the Holy Roman Empire.
- 1740 - Pogrom: Jews expelled from "Little Russia" (present-day Ukraine).
- 1789 – French revolutionary Lafayette presented the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen” to the Revolutionary National Assembly.
- 1859 – by Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities His novel was published.
- 1895 - Brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière introduced their film technology to scientists.
- 1929 – Flood and landslide disaster around Of and Sürmene; 700 people drowned, 3500 people were left in the open.
- 1933 – Sümerbank officially became operational.
- 1960 – Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird published the first edition of his novel.
- 1960 – The age limit was abolished in death penalty.
- 1962 - First transatlantic television broadcast via satellite.
- 1967 – Tuborg started beer production in Turkey.
- 1971 – Sabahattin Eyüboğlu, Swiss-born pianist Magdi Rufer, writer Azra Erhat and Vedat Günyol and Yaşar Kemal's wife Tilda Gökçeli were detained.
- 1971 - Chile nationalizes its copper mines.
- 1975 – A life-size, war-equipped 2000-man army made of clay, dating back 6000 years, was discovered in Xi'an, the ancient Chinese capital. It was surprising that none of the Terran Soldiers were alike.
- 1979 – The murder suspects of Abdi İpekçi murder, Mehmet Ali Ağca and Yavuz Çaylan were caught.
- 1980 – Hundreds of soldiers and police conducted a “point operation” in Fatsa district of Ordu, a curfew was declared and all houses were searched. 300 people were detained, including the left-wing independent Mayor Fikri Sönmez. The Minister of Interior dismissed President Sönmez.
- 1982 – Italy wins the FIFA World Cup for the third time, beating West Germany 3-1 at the World Cup held in Spain.
- 1984 – Re-establishment of private teaching institutions became law.
- 1991 – The shopkeepers of Nusaybin, Lice and Bismil closed their shutters at the funeral of Vedat Aydın, the People's Labor Party Diyarbakir Provincial President, protesting the opening of fire on the people.
- 1992 – İzmir Institute of Technology (İYTE), the 3rd state university of İzmir, was established.
- 1992 – The Labor Party was founded instead of the Socialist Party which was dissolved
- 1994 – The Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of Turkey postponed the discharge of privates and non-commissioned officers for 4 months, citing PKK actions.
- 1995 – Bosnian Genocide: The Serbian army under the command of Ratko Mladic begins the Srebrenica Massacre in Bosnia and Herzegovina's Srebrenica Region, in which approximately 8000 Bosniaks were killed.
- 2010 – Spain won the FIFA World Cup for the first time, beating the Netherlands 1-0 at the World Cup held in the Republic of South Africa.
Births
- 1657 – Frederick I, King of Prussia (d. 1713)
- 1754 – Thomas Bowdler, English physician, philanthropist, writer, and publisher (d. 1825)
- 1767 – John Quincy Adams, American politician and 6th President of the United States (d. 1848)
- 1770 – Ludwig von Westphalen, Prussian aristocrat (d. 1842)
- 1818 – William Edward Forster, English politician (d. 1886)
- 1819 – Susan Bogert Warner, American author (d. 1885)
- 1832 – Harilaos Trikupis, Greek statesman and seven-time Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1896)
- 1836 – Antônio Carlos Gomes, Brazilian romantic literature's most famous western classical composer (d. 1896)
- 1920 – Yul Brynner, American actor and Oscar winner (d. 1985)
- 1932 - Hans van Manen, Dutch ballet dancer, choreographer and photographer
- 1934 – Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer
- 1941 – Anne-Marie Nielsen, Danish handball player and handball coach
- 1943 – Tomasz Stańko, Polish trumpeter and composer (d. 2018)
- 1945 – İbrahim Ömer Madra, Turkish writer and radio host
- 1951 – Walter Meeews is a Belgian coach and former football player.
- 1952 – Stephen Lang, American actor and voice actor
- 1955 – Yuriy Sedıh, former USSR hammer thrower of Ukrainian origin
- 1957 – Peter Murphy, English rock singer
- 1959 – Richie Sambora, American songwriter and guitarist for Bon Jovi
- 1959 – Suzanne Vega, American musician
- 1959 – Tevfik Lav, Turkish coach (d. 2004)
- 1960 – Meral Onat, Turkish cartoonist
- 1964 – Menderes Türel, Turkish politician
- 1968 – Erdinç Sözer, Turkish coach and former football player
- 1971 - Leisha Hailey, American actress
- 1972 – Michael Rosenbaum is an American actor.
- 1974 – Lil Kim is an American rapper and actor.
- 1974 – Andre Ooijer, Dutch national football player
- 1978 – Ahu Yağtu, Turkish actress and model
- 1979 – Ahmed Salah Hosni, Egyptian national football player
- 1980 – İsmail Saymaz, Turkish journalist and writer
- 1983 – Mehmet Al is a Turkish football player.
- 1983 – Engin Baytar, Turkish football player
- 1983 – Elrio van Heerden, South African football player
- 1984 – Rachael Taylor, Australian actress
- 1984 – Tanith Belbin, American figure skater
- 1984 – Martin Lanig is a retired German football player.
- 1986 – Yoann Gourcuff, French national football player
- 1986 – Ethem Sarısülük, Turkish welding worker (d. 2013)
- 1987 – Alma Terzic, Bosnian TV and film actress
- 1988 – Étienne Capoue, French football player
- 1989 – David Henrie, American actor
- 1990 – Caroline Wozniacki, Danish professional tennis player
- 1992 – Mohammed Elneni, Egyptian national football player
Deaths
- 155 – Pius I, Pope (b. ?)
- 472 – Anthemius, Roman general who ascended the throne of the Western Roman Empire from 12 April 467 to 11 July 472 (b. 420)
- 969 – Olga was regent of the Principality of Kiev for her son Sviatoslav (945-960) (b. 890)
- 1174 – Amalric I, King of Jerusalem 1162–1174, and formerly count of Jaffa and Ashkelon (b. 1136)
- 1593 – Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian painter, architect, stage designer, engineer, and art consultant (b. 1527)
- 1763 – Peter Forsskål, Swedish explorer, orientalist, naturalist (b. 1732)
- 1793 – Jacques Cathelineau, leader of the Vendée revolt during the Revolution (b. 1759)
- 1844 – Yevgeny Baratsky, Russian poet (b. 1800)
- 1892 – Ravachol, French anarchist (b. 1859)
- 1905 – Mohammed Abduh, Egyptian-Turkish educator, judge, and reformer (b. 1849)
- 1906 – Heinrich Gelzer, German classical philologist, historian of antiquity, and Byzantium (b. 1847)
- 1937 – George Gershwin, American composer (b. 1898)
- 1939 – Stilian Kovachev, Bulgarian soldier (b. 1860)
- 1941 – Arthur Evans, British archaeologist (b. 1851)
- 1957 – III. Aga Khan, imam of the Nizari Ismaili sect of Shiism (b. 1877)
- 1963 – Tevfik Sağlam, Turkish scientist and military physician (One of the Rectors of Istanbul University and President of the Tuberculosis Association) (b. 1882)
- 1973 – Walter Krüger, officer of the Kingdom of Saxony and general of Nazi Germany (b. 1892)
- 1974 – Par Lagerkvist, Swedish novelist and 1951 Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
- 1978 – Bedrettin Cömert, Turkish critic and translator (b. 1940)
- 1989 – Laurence Olivier, English actor (b. 1907)
- 2005 – Kenan Onuk, Turkish sports writer and NTV Sports Broadcasts Coordinator (b. 1954)
- 2008 – Michael DeBakey, American heart surgeon (b. 1908)
- 2015 – Patricia Crone, Danish-American author, historian, and orientalist (b. 1945)
- 2015 – Satoru Iwata, Japanese game programmer and businessman, fourth president and CEO of Nintendo (b. 1959)
- 2017 – Jean-Claude Fignolé, Haitian writer (b. 1941)
- 2017 – Fikret Hakan, Turkish actor (b. 1934)
- 2017 – Éva Schubert, Hungarian actress (b. 1931)
- 2018 – Ji Chunhua, Chinese action-fighting film actor, martial artist, and choreographer (b. 1961)
- 2018 – Doğan Hakyemez, Turkish basketball player and basketball manager (d. 1950)
- 2018 – Mai Tai Sing, Chinese-American actress, dancer, and businessperson (b. 1923)
- 2019 – Brendan Grace, Irish actor, comedian, and singer (b. 1951)
- 2020 – Gabriella Tucci, Italian opera singer (b. 1929)
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