July 21 is the 202nd (203rd in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 163 days left until the end of the year.
Railways
- 21 July 1872 Sirkeci-Yedikule and Küçükçekmece-Çatalca line were put into service.
Events
- 356 BC - A youth named Herostratus burned the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
- 365 – A tsunami triggered by an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale devastated the Egyptian city of Alexandria. 5000 people lost their lives in the city and 45000 people around it.
- 1446 – Lidköping became a city in Sweden.
- 1711 – The Prut Treaty was signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Tsardom.
- 1718 – The Treaty of Passarowitz was signed between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice.
- 1774 – The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca was signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire.
- 1798 - With Napoleon's victory, the "Battle of the Pyramids" takes place, which opens the French way to Cairo.
- 1831 – Belgium's first King, Léopold I, ascends the throne.
- 1861 - The "First Battle of Bull Run" occurs, the first major battle of the American Civil War, which lasted for years.
- 1904 – The 100 mph (161 km/h) limit is crossed by a Frenchman in a chariot race in Belgium.
- 1904 - The Trans-Siberian Railway is completed.
- 1905 – II. An assassination attempt was made on Abdülhamid in front of Yıldız Mosque by Armenians. II. Abdulhamid escaped unscathed from the assassination because he was away from the car because he had a short talk with Şeyhülislam Cemaleddin Efendi.
- 1913 – Turkish troops liberated Edirne from Bulgarian occupation.
- 1922 – Cemal Pasha, one of the leaders of the Union and Progress, was killed by Armenians in Tbilisi.
- 1925 – A high school biology teacher (John T. Scopes) in Dayton, Tennessee, is found guilty of covering evolution and fined $100.
- 1940 - The Baltic states are annexed to the Soviet Union.
- 1944 – II. World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and his collaborators, who made an unsuccessful assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler on 20 July, are executed in Berlin.
- 1946 – The first multi-party elections were held in Turkey. CHP won 395, DP 64 MPs.
- 1960 – Sirimavo Bandaranaike, who was elected Prime Minister in Sri Lanka, became the world's first female prime minister.
- 1967 – The immunity of TİP Istanbul Deputy Çetin Altan was lifted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
- 1969 - Apollo 11 crew members Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin make the first human steps on the Moon.
- 1970 – The Aswan Dam in Egypt is completed after 11 years of construction.
- 1972 – Bloody Friday: 22 bombs explode in IRA militants' actions near Belfast, Northern Ireland: 9 people are killed and 130 seriously injured.
- 1977 – The Libyan-Egyptian war, which will last for four days, begins.
- 1977 – Süleyman Demirel, II. He formed the National Front Government.
- 1981 – Martial Law Command, Snoring suspended the publication of the magazine for four weeks.
- 1983 – World's lowest temperature measured: Vostok Station, Antarctica: -89.2 °C.
- 1988 – The debut album of the American rock band Guns N' Roses, also the world's best-selling debut album (the first album released by an artist or group). Appetite for Destruction published.
- 1996 – Writer Adalet Ağaoğlu was seriously injured after being hit by a car in Sarıyer, Istanbul.
- 1998 – Immunities of seven Members of Parliament were lifted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
- 2001 – An anti-globalist person was killed while protesting the G-8 summit in Genoa, Italy.
- 2017 – Two people died and more than 10 were injured on the Greek island of Kos as a result of a 6.6 M earthquake that occurred in the Aegean Sea, 300 km southeast of Bodrum town of Muğla province in Turkey.
Births
- 810 – Bukhari, Islamic scholar (d. 869)
- 1816 – Paul Reuter, German-English entrepreneur and founder of Reuters agency (d. 1899)
- 1858 – Lovis Corinth, German painter and printmaker (d. 1925)
- 1890 – Eduard Dietl, soldier in Nazi Germany (d. 1944)
- 1891 – Oskar Kummetz, soldier in Nazi Germany (d. 1980)
- 1899 – Ernest Hemingway, American author (d. 1961)
- 1911 – Marshall McLuhan, Canadian communication theorist and academic (d. 1980)
- 1920 – Isaac Stern, Russian-American violinist (d. 2001)
- 1923 – Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian-born American chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry
- 1926 – Karel Reisz, Czech-British film director (d. 2002)
- 1936 – Ruşen Hakkı, Turkish journalist, poet and writer (d. 2011)
- 1939 – John Negroponte, Greek-born London-born American diplomat
- 1939 – Kim Fowley, American producer, singer, and musician (d. 2015)
- 1941 – Diogo Freitas do Amaral, Portuguese politician, academic, and Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 2019)
- 1946 – Aslıhan Yener, Turkish archaeologist
- 1948 – Yusuf Islam, American musician and songwriter
- 1950 – Ubaldo Fillol, Argentine football player (goalkeeper)
- 1951 – Robin Williams, American actor and Oscar winner (d. 2014)
- 1955 – Béla Tarr, Hungarian director, producer and screenwriter
- 1955 – Marcelo Bielsa, Argentine football player and manager
- 1957 – Jon Lovitz, American actor, comedian, and singer
- 1959 – Reha Muhtar, Turkish TV personality and presenter
- 1971 – Charlotte Gainsbourg, English-French actress and singer
- 1971 – Alexander Halavais, American academic
- 1972 – Catherine Ndereba, Kenyan athlete
- 1972 – Nikolay Kozlov, Russian water polo athlete
- 1976 – Vahid Hashimiyan, Iranian national football player and coach
- 1977 – Danny Ecker, German pole vault athlete
- 1978 – Damian Marley, Jamaican reggae singer
- 1978 – Josh Hartnett, American actor and producer
- 1979 - Luis Ernesto Michel, Mexican football player
- 1979 – Andriy Voronin, Ukrainian former football player and manager
- 1980 – Özgür Can Öney, Turkish musician and drummer of the maNga group
- 1980 – Sami Yusuf, South Azerbaijani English singer, songwriter and composer
- 1981 – Ece Üner, Turkish newscaster
- 1981 – Paloma Faith, English singer-songwriter
- 1982 – Kristian Nushi, Kosovar Albanian football player
- 1982 – Önder Çengel, Turkish-Swiss football player
- 1983 - Ismaël Bouzid, Algerian football player
- 1986 – Anthony Annan, Ghanaian national football player
- 1986 - Jason Thompson, American basketball player
- 1988 - DeAndre Jordan is an American professional basketball player.
- 1989 – Marco Fabián, Mexican international football player
- 1989 – Juno Temple, English actress
- 1989 – Fulya Zenginer, Turkish TV actress
- 1989 – Ömer Toprak, Turkish football player
- 1992 - Jessica Barden, English actress
- 1992 – Rachael Flatt, American figure skater
- 2000 – Erling Håland, Norwegian football player
Deaths
- 1425 – II. Manuel, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1350)
- 1793 – Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, French navigator and explorer (b. 1737)
- 1796 – Robert Burns, Scottish poet (b. 1759)
- 1851 – Horace Sébastiani, French officer, diplomat, and politician (b. 1771)
- 1856 – Emil Aarestrup, Danish poet (b. 1800)
- 1922 – Ahmed Cemal Pasha, Ottoman soldier and politician (b. 1872)
- 1928 – Ellen Terry, English stage actress (b. 1847)
- 1944 – Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim, soldier in Nazi Germany (b. 1905)
- 1944 – Claus von Stauffenberg, German officer (attempted to assassinate Hitler) (b. 1907)
- 1944 – Ludwig Beck, soldier in Nazi Germany (b. 1880)
- 1946 – Arthur Greiser, Nazi German politician (b. 1897)
- 1956 – Osman Şevki Çiçekdağ, Turkish politician (b. 1899)
- 1962 – GM Trevelyan, British historian and academic (b. 1876)
- 1966 – Philipp Frank, Austrian physicist, mathematician, and academic (b. 1884)
- 1967 – Albert Lutuli, South African politician and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1898)
- 1967 – Basil Rathbone, English actor (b. 1892)
- 1985 – Aristid von Grosse, German-American chemist and academic (b. 1905)
- 1988 – Edip Kürklü, Turkish physician, heart surgeon and Chief Physician of Topkapı Hospital (b. ?)
- 1990 – Sergey Parajanov, Georgian-Armenian Soviet film director, screenwriter, and versatile artist (b. 1924)
- 1992 – Yavuzer Çetinkaya, Turkish actor (b. 1948)
- 1992 – Ernst Schäfer, German hunter and Zoologist in the 1930s, specializing in ornithology (b. 1910)
- 1998 – Alan Shepard, American astronaut (first American in space) (b. 1923)
- 2004 – Ismail Fatah Al Turk, Iraqi sculptor (b. 1934)
- 2004 – Jerry Goldsmith, American soundtrack composer (b. 1929)
- 2004 – Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist (b. 1918)
- 2005 – Long John Baldry, English singer and musician (b. 1941)
- 2006 – Ta Mok, Cambodian politician (b. 1926)
- 2010 – Luis Corvalán, Chilean politician (b. 1916)
- 2012 – Susanne Lothar, Austrian-German actress (b. 1960)
- 2013 – Andrea Antonelli, Italian motorcycle racer (b. 1988)
- 2014 – Verda Erman, Turkish pianist (b. 1944)
- 2017 – John Heard, American actor (b. 1946)
- 2017 – Yami Lester, Australian activist (b. 1942)
- 2017 – Hrvoje Šarinić, Croatian politician (b. 1935)
- 2017 – Deborah Watling, English actress (b. 1948)
- 2018 – Elmarie Wendel, American actress and singer (b. 1928)
- 2019 – Ann Moyal, Australian historian of science (b. 1926)
- 2020 – Dobby Dobson, Jamaican reggae singer and record producer (b. 1942)
- 2020 – Magda Faluhelyi, Hungarian actress (b. 1946)
- 2020 – Suka K. Frederiksen, Greenlandic politician and minister (b. 1965)
- 2020 – Li Jijun, Chinese geographer and geomorphologist (b. 1933)
- 2020 – Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, Spanish Hellenist historian, linguist and translator (b. 1922)
- 2020 – Annie Ross, English-American jazz singer, songwriter, and actress (b. 1930)
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