Today in History: Amasya Circular Published

June 22 is the 173th day of the year (174th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 192 days remaining until the end of the year.

Railways

• 22 June 1953 General Directorate of State Railways and Ports became an economic state enterprise under the name of TCDD.

Events 

• 217 BC – Battle of Raffia: Army of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, III. He defeated the Seleucid Army under Antiochus in Palestine.
• 431 – Inauguration of the Third Ecumenical Council, the Council of Ephesus, by Patriarch Cyril of Alexandria.
• 1633 - Convicted by the Inquisition, Galileo was forced to deny his Copernican views and his thesis that the Earth rotates.
• 1691 – II. Ahmed ascended the throne as the 21st Ottoman Sultan.
• 1812 - Napoleon Bonaparte launched an expedition to Russia.
• 1846 - Adolphe Sax patented the saxophone.
• 1911 - George V is crowned officially King of Great Britain.
• 1919 – Amasya Circular was published.
• 1925 – Journalists arrested in Istanbul on 20 June were sent to Diyarbakir to stand trial at the Eastern Independence Court.
• 1939 – Adana Electric Company was bought and nationalized.
• 1939 – In India, the party called All India Progressive Bloc is formed by Subhas Chandra Bose.
• 1940 – II. World War II, Battle of France: France surrenders to Germany with an armistice.
• 1941 – II. World War II: Nazi Germany begins invading the USSR, launching Operation Barbarossa.
• 1941 – The first armed antifascist organization was founded in Croatia.
• 1942 – Erwin Rommel is promoted to Generalfeldmarschall after capturing Tobruk.
• 1945 – The Iller Bank Establishment Law was accepted.
• 1976 - The death penalty is abolished in Canada.
• 1978 - Pluto's moon, Charon, is discovered.
• 2001 – The Constitutional Court closed the Virtue Party on the grounds that it was “the focus of actions against the principle of the secular republic”.
• 2002 – More than 6.5 people died in an earthquake measuring 261 on the Richter scale in Iran.
• 2006 – North Macedonia was admitted to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
• 2008 – The 7th grade Placement Exam prepared by MEB was held for the first time.
• 2010 – The Apple iPhone (4G) is released.
• 2012 – The F-4 type Turkish military jet, which took off from Malatya Erhaç Air Base for mission, was shot down by the Syrian Army off the Syrian territorial waters.

Births 

• 1805 – Giuseppe Mazzini, Italian nationalist, politician, lawyer, activist, journalist, author, and freemason (d. 1872)
• 1837 – Paul Morphy, American chess player (d. 1884)
• 1869 – Mustafa Sabri Efendi, Ottoman professor, Deputy of the Parliament and Şeyhülislam (d. 1954)
• 1871 – William McDougall, English psychologist (d. 1938)
• 1887 Julian Huxley, English evolutionary biologist (d. 1975)
• 1888 – Selman Abraham Waksman, American biochemist (d. 1973)
• 1892 – Robert Ritter von Greim, German soldier and Luftwaffe Commander of the Nazi Germany (d. 1945)
• 1893 – Matthias Kleinheisterkamp, ​​German SS officer (d. 1945)
• 1898 – Erich Maria Remarque, German writer (d. 1970)
• 1903 – John Dillinger, American gangster (d. 1934)
• 1906 Anne Morrow Lindbergh, American author and aviator (d. 2001)
• 1906 Billy Wilder, American director (d. 2002)
• 1908 – Pablo Dorado, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1978)
• 1909 – Mike Todd, American film and theater producer (d. 1958)
• 1915 – Cornelius Warmerdam, American athlete (d. 2001)
• 1927 – Çetin Altan, Turkish writer (d. 2015)
• 1928 – Ralph Waite, American actor and voice actor (d. 2014)
• 1928 – Steingrímur Hermannsson, Icelandic politician (d. 2010)
• 1930 – Yuri Artyuhin, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1998)
• 1932 – Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiary, second wife of Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (d. 2001)
• 1936 – Kris Kristofferson, American actress and singer
• 1939 – Ada E. Yonath, Israeli molecular biologist and crystallographer
• 1940 – Abbas Kiarostami, Iranian director (d. 2016)
• 1941 – Rashid Ghannouchi, Tunisian politician
• 1943 – Klaus Maria Brandauer, German actor
• 1944 – Gérard Mourou, French physicist and academic
• 1946 – Józef Oleksy, Polish politician and economist (d. 2015)
• 1947 – Gökmen Özdenak, Turkish football player and sports writer
• 1948 – Todd Rundgren, American multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter, and record producer
• 1949 – Aytaç Arman, Turkish cinema and TV series actor (d. 2019)
• 1949 - Meryl Streep, American actress
• 1953 - Cyndi Lauper is an American singer, songwriter and actress.
• 1954 – Wolfgang Becker, German director, screenwriter, and historian
• 1956 – Tim Russ is an American actor, film director, screenwriter, and musician.
• 1957 – Arkadi Gukasyan is the third president of the de facto Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
• 1958 Bruce Campbell, American actor
• 1962 - Clyde Drexler is an American former basketball player.
• 1964 – Dan Brown, American writer
• 1964 – Miroslav Kadlec, Czech football player
• 1966 – Emmanuelle Seigner, French actress, singer and model
• 1967 – Alejandro Aravena, Chilean architect
• 1968 - Darrell Armstrong is a retired American professional basketball player.
• 1973 – Rufus Wainwright, Canadian-American singer-songwriter
• 1974 – Jo Cox, UK Labor Party MP
• 1974 - Donald Faison, American actor
• 1974 Lecy Goranson, American actress
• 1977 – Ayça Varlıer Turkish actress and singer
• 1978 – Dan Wheldon, British racing driver (b. 1978)
• 1981 – Monty Oum, American web-based animator and author (d. 2015)
• 1982 – Gustave Bebbe, Cameroonian football player
• 1984 – Janko Tipsarević, Yugoslavian-born Serbian tennis player
• 1985 – Sofoklis Shorcanitis, Greek basketball player
• 1987 – Eda Erdem, Turkish volleyball player
• 1987 – Lee Min-ho, South Korean actor
• 1987 – Nikita Rukavytsya, Ukrainian-Australian national football player
• 1988 – Omri Casspi, Israeli Basketball Player
• 1988 - Portia Doubleday is an American actress.
• 1989 – Jung Yong Hwa, South Korean actor and singer
• 1993 – Loris Karius, German goalkeeper
• 1996 – Rodri is a Spanish national football player.
• 2000 – Mizgin Ay, Turkish sprinter

Deaths 

• 1101 – Rugerro I, Norman aristocrat who was the first Earl of Sicily from 1071 to 1101 (b. 1031)
• 1276 – Innocent V, pope from January 21 to June 22, 1276 (b. 1225)
• 1429 – Gıyaseddin Cemşid, Iranian astronomer and mathematician (b. 1380)
• 1691 – II. Süleyman, 20th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1642)
• 1816 – Ferdinando Marescalchi, Italian diplomat and politician (b. 1754)
• 1874 – Howard Staunton, English chess grandmaster (b. 1810)
• 1880 – George Merriam, American publisher (b. 1803)
• 1885 – Mohammed Ahmed, founder of the Mahdist movement in Sudan (b. 1845)
• 1912 – Ion Luca Caragiale, Screenwriter, short story, poetry writer, theater manager, political commentator, and journalist (b. 1852)
• 1925 – Felix Klein, German mathematician and mathematics educator (b. 1849)
• 1931 – Armand Fallières, French politician and President of France (b. 1841)
• 1936 – Moritz Schlick, German Philosophy (b. 1882)
• 1940 – Wladimir Köppen, Russian-German geographer, meteorologist, and botanist (b. 1846)
• 1965 – David O. Selznick, American film producer (b. 1902)
• 1969 – Judy Garland, American singer and actress (b. 1922)
• 1972 – Paul Czinner, Hungarian-born film director and producer (b. 1890)
• 1978 – Jens Otto Krag, former prime minister of Denmark (b. 1914)
• 1984 – Joseph Losey, American film and theater director (b. 1909)
• 1987 – Fred Astaire, American dancer and actor (b. 1899)
• 1990 – Ilya Frank, Soviet nuclear physicist (b. 1908)
• 1993 – Pat Nixon, wife of 37th President of the United States, Richard Nixon (b. 1912)
• 1995 – Yves Congar, considered one of the most important Roman Catholic theologians of the 20th century (b. 1904)
• 2001 – Luis Carniglia, Argentinean former football player and manager (b. 1917)
• 2003 – Vasil Bikov, Belarusian writer (b. 1924)
• 2007 – Nusret Özcan, Turkish journalist and writer (b.1958)
• 2008 – George Carlin, American comedian (b. 1937)
• 2011 – Coşkun Özarı, Turkish football player and coach (b. 1931)
• 2014 – İzzet Özilhan, Turkish industrialist and businessman (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Laura Antonelli, Italian actress (b. 1941)
• 2015 – James Horner, American orchestral writer, conductor, and composer (b. 1953)
• 2016 – Yaşar Nuri Öztürk, Turkish academic, journalist, writer, lawyer and politician (b. 1951)
• 2016 – Amjad Sabri, Pakistani musician (b. 1976)
• 2017 – Pavel Dalaloyan, Former Russian football player (b. 1978)
• 2017 – Hervé Filion, Canadian jockey (b. 1940)
• 2017 – Gunter Gabriel, German singer, musician and composer (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Necmettin Karaduman, Turkish politician (b. 1927)
• 2017 – Keith Loneker, American actor and football player (b. 1971)
• 2017 – Quett Masire, Botswana politician (b. 1925)
• 2017 – Hartmut Neugebauer, German actor, voice actor, and dubbing dialogue director (b. 1942)
• 2018 – Halina Aszkiełowicz-Wojno, Former Polish volleyball player (b. 1947)
• 2018 – Geoff Case, Australian football player (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Nahum Korzhavin, Russian-American novelist and writer (b. 1925)
• 2018 – Olga Teresa Krzyżanowska, Polish politician (b. 1929)
• 2018 – Dick Leitsch, American LGBT Rights activist and journalist (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Deanna Lund, American actress (b. 1937)
• 2018 – Rezső Nyers, Hungarian politician, economist and former minister (b. 1923)
• 2018 – Geoffrey Oryema, Ugandan-born French musician (b. 1953)
• 2018 – Vinnie Paul is the drummer and producer of Hellyeah (b. 1964)
• 2018 – Waldir Pires, Brazilian politician (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Miguel Ángel Falasca, Spanish volleyball player of Argentine descent (b. 1973)
• 2019 – Enis Fosforoğlu, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor (b. 1948)
• 2019 – Leevi Lehto is a Finnish poet, writer and translator (b. 1951)
• 2019 – Se'are Mekonnen, Ethiopian senior soldier (b. 1954)
• 2019 – Thalles Lima de Conceição Penha, Brazilian football player (b. 1995)
• 2019 – Jolene Watanabe, American professional tennis player and coach (b. 1968)
• 2020 – Pierino Prati, Italian football player (b. 1946)
• 2020 – Joel Schumacher, American film director, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1939)