Tunnel and Tramway in Old Istanbul

Tunnel and Tramway in Old Istanbul
Tunnel construction works, which started with the initiative of the French engineer Eugene Henri Gavand, started on June 30, 1871, and it was put into service with a state ceremony on January 17, 1875. The French-built tunnel is the second metro in history. The tunnel that connects Galata and Pera is considered the most preferred means of transportation between these two points. Information about the tunnel in a tourist guide published in English in 1892 is as follows:

In the summer, they move every ten minutes between 7:00 and 20:00. In the winter season, it operates between 8:00 and 19:00. The tariff is 1 kurus for the first position and 20 money for the second position. Tourists who want to keep their transportation costs low can go to Galata from Tünel, cross the bridge on foot and travel by tram or phaeton on the Istanbul side. The carriage fee from the Bridge to the Grand Bazaar is 5 kurus.
In the same document, information about the trams in Istanbul is "not very comfortable, comfortable and clean", and the following information about the 3 tram lines that can be used by tourists:
Galata - Şişli line: It reaches Pera from the Bridge, Taksim Garden, and Şişli via Pangaltı and Feriköy. The fee is 1,5 cents.
Galata line: Bridge to Galata, Dolmabahçe, Beşiktaş via Ortaköy. The fee is 3 kurus.
Istanbul line: From Köprü to Yedikule and Topkapı. 3 cents.